Dcuea: Difference between revisions
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{| style="text-align:center; margin:auto; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #88a; background: #f7f8ff;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=10| ''Vowels'' | |||
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;" | |||
| a || e || i || u || aa || ee || ii || uu | |||
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;" | |||
| /ah/ || /schwa/ || /ih/ || /uh/ || /aa/ || /eh/ || /ee/ || /oo/ | |||
|} | |||
==Declension== | ==Declension== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" | ||
|rowspan="2"|'''1st declension<br> | |rowspan="2"|'''1st declension: Ending in<br /> vowels or double vowels'''||colspan=3|<center>''aattu'', "woman"</center>||colspan="3"|<center>''dceaa'', "foot"</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Singular!!Plural!!Dual!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual | !Singular!!Plural!!Dual!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Absolutive]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Absolutive]]||aattu||aattue||aattuekc||dceaa||dceaak||dceaakc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Ergative case|Ergative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Ergative case|Ergative]]||aattui||aattuiu||aattuiukc||dceaai||dceaaiu||dceaaiukc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Locative case|Locative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Locative case|Locative]]||aattuvaa||aattuvaak||aattuvaakc||dceaavaa||dceaavaak||dceaavaakc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Lative case|Lative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Lative case|Lative]]||aattuttee||aattutteeu||aattutteeukc||dceaattee||dceaatteeu||dceaatteeukc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Ablative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Ablative]]||aattum||aattumk||aattumkc||dceaam||dceaamk||dceaamkc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Prolative case|Prolative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Prolative case|Prolative]]||aattuz||aattuzzeu||aattuzzeukc||dceaaz||dceaazeu||dceaazeukc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]||aattunnai||aattunnaik||aattunnaikc||dceaannai||dceaannaik||dceaannaikc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Benefactive case|Benefactive]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Benefactive case|Benefactive]]||aattus||aattusseu||aattusseukc||dceaas||dceaasseu||dceaasseukc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Comitative case|Comitative]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Comitative case|Comitative]]||aattugc||aattuggceu||aattuggceukc||dceaagc||dceaaggceu||dceaaggeukc | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|Instrumental]]|| | |[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|Instrumental]]||aattutc||aattuttceu||aattuttcekc||dceaatc||dceaattceu||dceaattceukc | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''2nd declension: Ending in<br /> consonants'''||colspan=3|<center>''dcek'', "man"</center>||colspan="3"|<center>''auuz'', "flower"</center> | |||
|- | |||
!Singular!!Plural!!Dual!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Absolutive]]||dcek||dcekkeu||dcekkeukc||auuz||auuzzeu||auuzzekc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Ergative case|Ergative]]||dcekkei||dcekkeiu||dcekkeiukc||auuzzei||auuzzeiu||auuzzeiukc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Locative case|Locative]]||dcekfaa||dcekfaak||dcegvaakc||auuzvaa||auuzvaak||auuzvaakc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Lative case|Lative]]||dcektee||dcekteeu||dcekteeukc||auuzdee||auuzdeeu||auuzdeeukc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Ablative]]||dcekkem||dcekkemk||dcekkemkc||dceaam||dceaamk||dceaamkc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Prolative case|Prolative]]||aattuz||aattuzzeu||aattuzzeukc||dceaaz||dceaazeu||dceaazeukc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]||aattunnai||aattunnaik||aattunnaikc||dceaannai||dceaannaik||dceaannaikc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Benefactive case|Benefactive]]||aattus||aattusseu||aattusseukc||dceaas||dceaasseu||dceaasseukc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Comitative case|Comitative]]||aattugc||aattuggceu||aattuggceukc||dceaagc||dceaaggceu||dceaaggeukc | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|Instrumental]]||aattutc||aattuttceu||aattuttcekc||dceaatc||dceaattceu||dceaattceukc | |||
|} | |||
Dcuea is an [[wikipedia:Ergative-absolutive language|Ergative-absolutive language]]. | |||
==Alphabet== | ==Alphabet== | ||
a | a aa b d dc e ee f g gc i ii k kc m n p s sc t tc u uu v z zc | ||
*The man sees the woman. | *The man sees the woman. | ||
*'' | *''Aattu kii dcekkei'' | ||
Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms: | Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms: | ||
| Line 63: | Line 97: | ||
Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence: | Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence: | ||
aeizuu'' to shave | |||
''Zcui | ''Zcui aeiz dcekkei.'' | ||
The man shaves the dog. | The man shaves the dog. | ||
''Dcek | ''Dcek aeiz.'' | ||
The man shaves (himself). | The man shaves (himself). | ||
==Plurals== | |||
*after | *after -uu = -uue | ||
*after -u, = -ue ''kceiu'' tea, ''kceiue'' teas | *after -u, = -ue ''kceiu'' tea, ''kceiue'' teas, ''aattu'' woman, ''aattue'' women | ||
*after | *after -aa, -ee, -ii = -aak, -eek, -iik ''dceaa'' foot, ''dceaak'' feet | ||
*after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu | *after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu | ||
*after -m, -n = -mk, -nk ''iaim'' lip ''iaimk'' lips | *after -m, -n = -mk, -nk ''iaim'' lip ''iaimk'' lips | ||
*after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc) | *after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc) | ||
===Dual=== | |||
Dcuea also has a dual plural, which is simply the normal plural + -kc. | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
==Lexicon== | |||
dezcaa | |||
azea | |||
augc | |||
affei | |||
iaum | |||
gcaee | |||
zcaiu | |||
ekcui | |||
tcai | |||
iikcaa | |||
utiai | |||
Latest revision as of 12:28, 19 January 2006
| Vowels | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | e | i | u | aa | ee | ii | uu | ||
| /ah/ | /schwa/ | /ih/ | /uh/ | /aa/ | /eh/ | /ee/ | /oo/ | ||
Declension
| 1st declension: Ending in vowels or double vowels |
||||||
| Singular | Plural | Dual | Singular | Plural | Dual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | aattu | aattue | aattuekc | dceaa | dceaak | dceaakc |
| Ergative | aattui | aattuiu | aattuiukc | dceaai | dceaaiu | dceaaiukc |
| Locative | aattuvaa | aattuvaak | aattuvaakc | dceaavaa | dceaavaak | dceaavaakc |
| Lative | aattuttee | aattutteeu | aattutteeukc | dceaattee | dceaatteeu | dceaatteeukc |
| Ablative | aattum | aattumk | aattumkc | dceaam | dceaamk | dceaamkc |
| Prolative | aattuz | aattuzzeu | aattuzzeukc | dceaaz | dceaazeu | dceaazeukc |
| Genitive | aattunnai | aattunnaik | aattunnaikc | dceaannai | dceaannaik | dceaannaikc |
| Benefactive | aattus | aattusseu | aattusseukc | dceaas | dceaasseu | dceaasseukc |
| Comitative | aattugc | aattuggceu | aattuggceukc | dceaagc | dceaaggceu | dceaaggeukc |
| Instrumental | aattutc | aattuttceu | aattuttcekc | dceaatc | dceaattceu | dceaattceukc |
| 2nd declension: Ending in consonants |
||||||
| Singular | Plural | Dual | Singular | Plural | Dual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | dcek | dcekkeu | dcekkeukc | auuz | auuzzeu | auuzzekc |
| Ergative | dcekkei | dcekkeiu | dcekkeiukc | auuzzei | auuzzeiu | auuzzeiukc |
| Locative | dcekfaa | dcekfaak | dcegvaakc | auuzvaa | auuzvaak | auuzvaakc |
| Lative | dcektee | dcekteeu | dcekteeukc | auuzdee | auuzdeeu | auuzdeeukc |
| Ablative | dcekkem | dcekkemk | dcekkemkc | dceaam | dceaamk | dceaamkc |
| Prolative | aattuz | aattuzzeu | aattuzzeukc | dceaaz | dceaazeu | dceaazeukc |
| Genitive | aattunnai | aattunnaik | aattunnaikc | dceaannai | dceaannaik | dceaannaikc |
| Benefactive | aattus | aattusseu | aattusseukc | dceaas | dceaasseu | dceaasseukc |
| Comitative | aattugc | aattuggceu | aattuggceukc | dceaagc | dceaaggceu | dceaaggeukc |
| Instrumental | aattutc | aattuttceu | aattuttcekc | dceaatc | dceaattceu | dceaattceukc |
Dcuea is an Ergative-absolutive language.
Alphabet
a aa b d dc e ee f g gc i ii k kc m n p s sc t tc u uu v z zc
- The man sees the woman.
- Aattu kii dcekkei
Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms:
nevuu to boil (something, transitive)
naffeu to (be) boiled (intransitive)
Kaffiu nev dcekkei. The man boils the coffee.
Kaffiu naffe. The coffee boils. (becomes boiled)
kiu to see something (tr) kigguu to (be) seen (intr)
Ueiz kii zcuei. The dog sees the tree.
Zcui kigg. The dog is seen.
BUT
Zcui kii. The dog sees (engages in the act).
Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence:
aeizuu to shave
Zcui aeiz dcekkei. The man shaves the dog.
Dcek aeiz. The man shaves (himself).
Plurals
- after -uu = -uue
- after -u, = -ue kceiu tea, kceiue teas, aattu woman, aattue women
- after -aa, -ee, -ii = -aak, -eek, -iik dceaa foot, dceaak feet
- after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu
- after -m, -n = -mk, -nk iaim lip iaimk lips
- after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc)
Dual
Dcuea also has a dual plural, which is simply the normal plural + -kc.
Lexicon
dezcaa azea augc affei iaum gcaee zcaiu ekcui tcai iikcaa utiai
