Dcuea: Difference between revisions

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{| style="text-align:center; margin:auto; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #88a; background: #f7f8ff;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
!colspan=10| ''Vowels''
|- style="background: #ddf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1.3em;"
| a || e || i || u ||  aa || ee || ii || uu
|- style="background: #ccf; height: 1.8em; vertical-align: middle;"
| /ah/ || /schwa/ || /ih/ || /uh/ || /aa/ || /eh/ || /ee/ || /oo/
|}
==Declension==
==Declension==
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!1st declension!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual
|rowspan="2"|'''1st declension: Ending in<br /> vowels or double vowels'''||colspan=3|<center>''aattu'', "woman"</center>||colspan="3"|<center>''dceaa'', "foot"</center>
|-
|-
|Absolutive||aattû||âttuue||âttuuekc
!Singular!!Plural!!Dual!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual
|-
|-
|Ergative||âttuui||âttuuiu||âttuuiukc
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Absolutive]]||aattu||aattue||aattuekc||dceaa||dceaak||dceaakc
|-
|-
|Locative||âttuuivaa||âttuuivaak||âttuuivaakc
|[[wikipedia:Ergative case|Ergative]]||aattui||aattuiu||aattuiukc||dceaai||dceaaiu||dceaaiukc
|-
|-
|Lative||âttuuttee||âttuutteeu||âttuutteeukc
|[[wikipedia:Locative case|Locative]]||aattuvaa||aattuvaak||aattuvaakc||dceaavaa||dceaavaak||dceaavaakc
|-
|-
|Ablative||âttuum||âttuumk||âttuumkc
|[[wikipedia:Lative case|Lative]]||aattuttee||aattutteeu||aattutteeukc||dceaattee||dceaatteeu||dceaatteeukc
|-
|-
|Prolative||âttuuz||âttuuzzek||âttuuzzekc
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Ablative]]||aattum||aattumk||aattumkc||dceaam||dceaamk||dceaamkc
|-
|-
|Genitive||âttuunnai||âttuunnaik||âttuunnaikc
|[[wikipedia:Prolative case|Prolative]]||aattuz||aattuzzeu||aattuzzeukc||dceaaz||dceaazeu||dceaazeukc
|-
|-
|Benefactive||âttuues||âttuuesseu||âttuuesseukc
|[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]||aattunnai||aattunnaik||aattunnaikc||dceaannai||dceaannaik||dceaannaikc
|-
|-
|Comitative||âttuugc||âttuugceu||âttuugceukc
|[[wikipedia:Benefactive case|Benefactive]]||aattus||aattusseu||aattusseukc||dceaas||dceaasseu||dceaasseukc
|-
|-
|Instrumental||âttuua||âttuuau||âttuuaukc
|[[wikipedia:Comitative case|Comitative]]||aattugc||aattuggceu||aattuggceukc||dceaagc||dceaaggceu||dceaaggeukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|Instrumental]]||aattutc||aattuttceu||aattuttcekc||dceaatc||dceaattceu||dceaattceukc
|}
|}


Dcueâ is an [[Ergative language]].
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|rowspan="2"|'''2nd declension: Ending in<br /> consonants'''||colspan=3|<center>''dcek'', "man"</center>||colspan="3"|<center>''auuz'', "flower"</center>
|-
!Singular!!Plural!!Dual!!Singular!!Plural!!Dual
|-
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Absolutive]]||dcek||dcekkeu||dcekkeukc||auuz||auuzzeu||auuzzekc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ergative case|Ergative]]||dcekkei||dcekkeiu||dcekkeiukc||auuzzei||auuzzeiu||auuzzeiukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative case|Locative]]||dcekfaa||dcekfaak||dcegvaakc||auuzvaa||auuzvaak||auuzvaakc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Lative case|Lative]]||dcektee||dcekteeu||dcekteeukc||auuzdee||auuzdeeu||auuzdeeukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Absolutive case|Ablative]]||dcekkem||dcekkemk||dcekkemkc||dceaam||dceaamk||dceaamkc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Prolative case|Prolative]]||aattuz||aattuzzeu||aattuzzeukc||dceaaz||dceaazeu||dceaazeukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]]||aattunnai||aattunnaik||aattunnaikc||dceaannai||dceaannaik||dceaannaikc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Benefactive case|Benefactive]]||aattus||aattusseu||aattusseukc||dceaas||dceaasseu||dceaasseukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Comitative case|Comitative]]||aattugc||aattuggceu||aattuggceukc||dceaagc||dceaaggceu||dceaaggeukc
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|Instrumental]]||aattutc||aattuttceu||aattuttcekc||dceaatc||dceaattceu||dceaattceukc
|}


QOFFOEIFF
a â b (c) d e ê f g i î k m n p s t u û v z


digraphs: dc gc kc sc tc zc
Dcuea is an [[wikipedia:Ergative-absolutive language|Ergative-absolutive language]].
*aa ee ii uu
*eâ iâ uâ
*aê iê uê
*aî eî uî
*aû eû iû


Ergative marking:
==Alphabet==
-e/i, -ua
a aa b d dc e ee f g gc i ii k kc m n p s sc t tc u uu v z zc
Absolutive marking:
-0 (null)


*The man sees the woman.
*The man sees the woman.
*''Aattû wii dcekkei''
*''Aattu kii dcekkei''


*Â Ê Î Û
*â ê î û


Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms:
Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms:
Line 73: Line 97:
Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence:
Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence:


''âeizuu'' to shave
aeizuu'' to shave


''Zcui âeiz dcekkei.''
''Zcui aeiz dcekkei.''
The man shaves the dog.
The man shaves the dog.


''Dcek âeiz.''
''Dcek aeiz.''
The man shaves (himself).
The man shaves (himself).


====Plurals====
==Plurals==
*after -û, -uu = -uue
*after -uu = -uue  
*after -u, = -ue (rare)
*after -u, = -ue ''kceiu'' tea, ''kceiue'' teas, ''aattu'' woman, ''aattue'' women
*after -â, -aa, -ê, -ee,  -î, -ii = -aak, -eek, -iik  
*after -aa, -ee, -ii = -aak, -eek, -iik ''dceaa'' foot, ''dceaak'' feet
*after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu
*after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu
*after -m, -n = -mk, -nk
*after -m, -n = -mk, -nk ''iaim'' lip ''iaimk'' lips
*after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc)
*after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc)
===Dual===
Dcuea also has a dual plural, which is simply the normal plural + -kc.
[[Category:Conlangs]]
==Lexicon==
dezcaa
azea
augc
affei
iaum
gcaee
zcaiu
ekcui
tcai
iikcaa
utiai

Latest revision as of 12:28, 19 January 2006

Vowels
a e i u aa ee ii uu
/ah/ /schwa/ /ih/ /uh/ /aa/ /eh/ /ee/ /oo/

Declension

1st declension: Ending in
vowels or double vowels
aattu, "woman"
dceaa, "foot"
Singular Plural Dual Singular Plural Dual
Absolutive aattu aattue aattuekc dceaa dceaak dceaakc
Ergative aattui aattuiu aattuiukc dceaai dceaaiu dceaaiukc
Locative aattuvaa aattuvaak aattuvaakc dceaavaa dceaavaak dceaavaakc
Lative aattuttee aattutteeu aattutteeukc dceaattee dceaatteeu dceaatteeukc
Ablative aattum aattumk aattumkc dceaam dceaamk dceaamkc
Prolative aattuz aattuzzeu aattuzzeukc dceaaz dceaazeu dceaazeukc
Genitive aattunnai aattunnaik aattunnaikc dceaannai dceaannaik dceaannaikc
Benefactive aattus aattusseu aattusseukc dceaas dceaasseu dceaasseukc
Comitative aattugc aattuggceu aattuggceukc dceaagc dceaaggceu dceaaggeukc
Instrumental aattutc aattuttceu aattuttcekc dceaatc dceaattceu dceaattceukc
2nd declension: Ending in
consonants
dcek, "man"
auuz, "flower"
Singular Plural Dual Singular Plural Dual
Absolutive dcek dcekkeu dcekkeukc auuz auuzzeu auuzzekc
Ergative dcekkei dcekkeiu dcekkeiukc auuzzei auuzzeiu auuzzeiukc
Locative dcekfaa dcekfaak dcegvaakc auuzvaa auuzvaak auuzvaakc
Lative dcektee dcekteeu dcekteeukc auuzdee auuzdeeu auuzdeeukc
Ablative dcekkem dcekkemk dcekkemkc dceaam dceaamk dceaamkc
Prolative aattuz aattuzzeu aattuzzeukc dceaaz dceaazeu dceaazeukc
Genitive aattunnai aattunnaik aattunnaikc dceaannai dceaannaik dceaannaikc
Benefactive aattus aattusseu aattusseukc dceaas dceaasseu dceaasseukc
Comitative aattugc aattuggceu aattuggceukc dceaagc dceaaggceu dceaaggeukc
Instrumental aattutc aattuttceu aattuttcekc dceaatc dceaattceu dceaattceukc


Dcuea is an Ergative-absolutive language.

Alphabet

a aa b d dc e ee f g gc i ii k kc m n p s sc t tc u uu v z zc

  • The man sees the woman.
  • Aattu kii dcekkei


Some transitive and intransitive verbs have different forms: nevuu to boil (something, transitive) naffeu to (be) boiled (intransitive)

Kaffiu nev dcekkei. The man boils the coffee.

Kaffiu naffe. The coffee boils. (becomes boiled)

kiu to see something (tr) kigguu to (be) seen (intr)

Ueiz kii zcuei. The dog sees the tree.

Zcui kigg. The dog is seen.

BUT

Zcui kii. The dog sees (engages in the act).

Using a noun in the absolutive by itself with an inherently transitive noun also may create a reflexive sentence:

aeizuu to shave

Zcui aeiz dcekkei. The man shaves the dog.

Dcek aeiz. The man shaves (himself).

Plurals

  • after -uu = -uue
  • after -u, = -ue kceiu tea, kceiue teas, aattu woman, aattue women
  • after -aa, -ee, -ii = -aak, -eek, -iik dceaa foot, dceaak feet
  • after -a, -e, -i = -au, -eu, -iu
  • after -m, -n = -mk, -nk iaim lip iaimk lips
  • after all other consonants(usually doubled cononant) = -eu (-ggeu, -zzeu, etc)

Dual

Dcuea also has a dual plural, which is simply the normal plural + -kc.

Lexicon

dezcaa azea augc affei iaum gcaee zcaiu ekcui tcai iikcaa utiai

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