Vilani language: Difference between revisions

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===Verbs===
The template of the verb is:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="4"| Prefixes
!colspan="3"| Stem
!colspan="2"| Suffixes
|-
| [Modal proclitic] & Object/Subject
| (Agent)
| [Negative]
| (Phase; Trajectory)
| (Aspect)
| ROOT
| Tense/Voice
| (Applicatives)
| (Subordinator) & [Pluralizer] & [Modal enclitic]
|-
|}
==Syntax==
Vilani is a head-initial language.  The unmarked word order in the clause is Verb-Subject-Object; however, noun phrases can be fronted for topicalization.  Examples:
* '''Leskhugash liraamgim Eneri.''' 'An air raft hit Eneri.'
Topicalizations:
* '''Liraamgim leskhugash Eneri.''' ' ''An air raft'' hit Eneri.'
* '''Eneri leskhugash liraamgim.''' ' An air raft hit ''Eneri''.'
In the noun phrase, adjectives follow the noun, then come possessors and relative clauses.
Vilani has an absolutive pivot.  Unlike in English, where a sentence like ''The boy kissed the girl and laughed'' would mean ''The boy kissed the girl and '''the boy''' laughed'', in Vilani such a sentence would mean ''The boy kissed the girl and '''the girl''' laughed''.  The sentence
* '''Akag Eneri in akgirma.'''
means 'Eneri arrived and s/he (other than Eneri) saw him (Eneri)'.
Vilani has four copulas.  The ''equational copula'' is used in the sense 'X is a Y'; the ''existential copula'' is used in the sense 'X exists'.  Both copula have positive and negative ('X is not a Y', 'X does not exist') form:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! &nbsp;
! Positive
! Negative
|-
! Equational
| iru
| men
-
! Existential
| khii
| gig
|-
|}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 12:23, 14 November 2011

Vilani
Bilanidin
Spoken in: The Imperium (Vilani settlements)
Timeline/Universe: Traveller RPG (non-canon)
Total speakers:
Genealogical classification: Dirmani
Kalaan
Vilani
Basic word order: VSO
Morphological type: agglutinating
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative
Created by:
Kenji Schwarz 1998

The Vilani language is the language of the Vilani, one of the major spacefaring civilizations of the Traveller RPG universe. The Vilani are humans; they descend from human beings who were transported to another planet by aliens in prehistoric times.

The Traveller RPG handbooks contain some material (mostly vocabulary) on the language on which Kenji Schwarz built the language described here.

Vilani is the only surviving language of the Dirmani language family, but contains loanwords from other, extinct languages of that group.

Phonology

Consonants

The Vilani consonant inventory is quite small with only 13 phonemes; its most unusual trait is certainly the lack of the otherwise very common phoneme /t/.

  Labial Alveolar Retroflex Velar
Stops Voiceless p     k
Voiced b d   g
Fricatives Voiceless   s ʂ <sh> x <kh>
Voiced   z    
Nasals m n    
Flap   ɾ <r>    
Lateral   l    

Vowels

Vilani has four short vowels and three long vowels (spelled with double letters).

  Front Central Back
Close i, i:   u, u:
Mid e    
Open   a, a:  

Morphology

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The contents are incomplete and in need of elaboration and/or change!
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Verbs

The template of the verb is:

Prefixes Stem Suffixes
[Modal proclitic] & Object/Subject (Agent) [Negative] (Phase; Trajectory) (Aspect) ROOT Tense/Voice (Applicatives) (Subordinator) & [Pluralizer] & [Modal enclitic]

Syntax

Vilani is a head-initial language. The unmarked word order in the clause is Verb-Subject-Object; however, noun phrases can be fronted for topicalization. Examples:

  • Leskhugash liraamgim Eneri. 'An air raft hit Eneri.'

Topicalizations:

  • Liraamgim leskhugash Eneri. ' An air raft hit Eneri.'
  • Eneri leskhugash liraamgim. ' An air raft hit Eneri.'

In the noun phrase, adjectives follow the noun, then come possessors and relative clauses.

Vilani has an absolutive pivot. Unlike in English, where a sentence like The boy kissed the girl and laughed would mean The boy kissed the girl and the boy laughed, in Vilani such a sentence would mean The boy kissed the girl and the girl laughed. The sentence

  • Akag Eneri in akgirma.

means 'Eneri arrived and s/he (other than Eneri) saw him (Eneri)'.

Vilani has four copulas. The equational copula is used in the sense 'X is a Y'; the existential copula is used in the sense 'X exists'. Both copula have positive and negative ('X is not a Y', 'X does not exist') form:

  Positive Negative
Equational iru men

-

Existential khii gig

External links

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