Tibëdëyel: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Alphabet===
The Tibëdëyel alphabet, translated into Latin characters, is:
a b c d dh e ë f g i k l m n ŋ o ö p q s sh t th v y z
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| border="1"
{| border="1"
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|}
|}


Note: There is no 'r' is Tibëdëyel- 'l' takes its place.
Note: There is no 'r' is Tibëdëyel- 'l' takes its place.<br>
Note 2: 'ŋ' can only appear at the end of a syllable.
Note 2: 'ŋ' can only appear at the end of a syllable.


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{| border="1"
{| border="1"
! Letter !! IPA symbol(s)
! Letter !! IPA symbol(s)
|-
| a || æ, ə
|-
|-
| e || ɛ
| e || ɛ
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===Case system===
===Case system===
Tibëdëyel uses an ergative-absolutive case system, where the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb are the same, but the subject of a transitive verb is different. Cases are always marked by suffixes. Tibëdëyel recognises four cases: absolutive (no suffix), ergative (-'lelë'), genitive (-'yel'), and locative (-'vib').
Tibëdëyel uses an ergative-absolutive case system, where the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb are the same, but the subject of a transitive verb is different. Cases are always marked by suffixes. Tibëdëyel recognises four cases: absolutive (no suffix), ergative (-'lel'), genitive (-'yel'), and locative (-'vib').


===Word order===
===Word order===
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===Tense===
===Tense===
Most present tense verbs have 'a' as the last vowel sound in the word. For the past tense, 'e' is normally the last vowel sound and for future tense it is usually 'o'. Note that if this leaves 'o' as the last letter of the word, 'n' is added. For example, "iken rava" ("I see") becomes "iken ravon" ("I will see") in the future tense. There are exceptions to all three of these, but these are how the tenses are normally distinguished. An example of such an exception is 'adlavë', meaning "to want"- in this case, the second to last vowel is changed for tense.
Verbs are unaltered in the present tense. Past tense is indicated by adding the prefix 'e-' to the verb (if the first letter is a consonant), morphing the first letter into 'e' (if the first letter is a vowel except 'e') or by prefixing the letter 'n-' (if the first letter is 'e'). The method of indicating the future tense is the same, except 'o' is used instead of 'e'.


===Syllable stress===
===Syllable stress===
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===Plurals===
===Plurals===
Words do not inflect to indicate plurals. Instead, one expresses a plural by preceding the word with the number of things, or the word 'den' (meaning- "plural", "more than one").
Words do not inflect to indicate plurals. Instead, one expresses a plural by preceding the word with the number of things, or the word 'den' (meaning- "plural", "more than one").
===Reduplication===
Reduplication of the last syllable in a word is used to express "more" of an adjective, the same way '-er' and '-est' are sometimes used in English. For example:
{| border="1"
! English !! Tibëdëyel
|-
| green || semin
|-
| greener || seminmin
|-
| greenest || seminminmin
|}
===Questions===
A question is formed by adding the grammatical particle 'ce' to the end of a sentence. The word order stays the same as it would be for a statement.


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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Third person singular: azanë
Third person singular: azanë


Personal pronouns are treated like any other nouns, i.e. 'den iken' means 'we', 'ikenyel' means 'mine', etc. It is important to remember the language is ergative-absolutive, so this applies to pronouns as well, e.g.: "I see you" is "ikenlelë rava shad", and "I slept" is "iken gesheq".
Personal pronouns are treated like any other nouns, i.e. 'den iken' means 'we', 'ikenyel' means 'mine', etc. It is important to remember the language is ergative-absolutive, so this applies to pronouns as well, e.g.: "I see you" is "ikenlel yava shad", and "I slept" is "iken egesheq".
 
==Sample text==
''Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights''
 
yem den taniklel etidil shë e ked sesh vösolme e den veleshov. den azanëlel idrö maëb e shlen e sillë zezel sesh neshë abicnesyel.
 
[[Category: Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 14:05, 17 July 2011

Tibëdëyel is a conlang spoken in Tibëdë.

Phonology

Alphabet

The Tibëdëyel alphabet, translated into Latin characters, is:

a b c d dh e ë f g i k l m n ŋ o ö p q s sh t th v y z

Consonants

Letter IPA symbol(s)
b b
c ts
d d
dh ð
f f
g ɡ
k k
l l
m m
n n
ŋ ŋ
p p
q x
s s
sh ʃ
t t
th θ
v v
y j
z z

Note: There is no 'r' is Tibëdëyel- 'l' takes its place.
Note 2: 'ŋ' can only appear at the end of a syllable.

Vowels

Letter IPA symbol(s)
a æ, ə
e ɛ
ë i, iɪ
i ɪ
o ɒ
ö ɔɪ

Note: a word cannot end with the letter 'o' or 'i'.

Grammar

Case system

Tibëdëyel uses an ergative-absolutive case system, where the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb are the same, but the subject of a transitive verb is different. Cases are always marked by suffixes. Tibëdëyel recognises four cases: absolutive (no suffix), ergative (-'lel'), genitive (-'yel'), and locative (-'vib').

Word order

The most commonly used word order is Subject Verb Object, but since cases are marked it is not very important. In fact, it is not uncommon to see Verb Subject Object and Subject Object Verb, though the latter is seen as somewhat archaic by speakers (like saying words like 'thee' and 'thou' in English).

Tense

Verbs are unaltered in the present tense. Past tense is indicated by adding the prefix 'e-' to the verb (if the first letter is a consonant), morphing the first letter into 'e' (if the first letter is a vowel except 'e') or by prefixing the letter 'n-' (if the first letter is 'e'). The method of indicating the future tense is the same, except 'o' is used instead of 'e'.

Syllable stress

The second syllable of a word is normally stressed (e.g. Ti-BË-dë-yel).

Plurals

Words do not inflect to indicate plurals. Instead, one expresses a plural by preceding the word with the number of things, or the word 'den' (meaning- "plural", "more than one").

Reduplication

Reduplication of the last syllable in a word is used to express "more" of an adjective, the same way '-er' and '-est' are sometimes used in English. For example:

English Tibëdëyel
green semin
greener seminmin
greenest seminminmin

Questions

A question is formed by adding the grammatical particle 'ce' to the end of a sentence. The word order stays the same as it would be for a statement.

Pronouns

The basic personal pronouns are listed below: First person singular: iken Second person singular: shad Third person singular: azanë

Personal pronouns are treated like any other nouns, i.e. 'den iken' means 'we', 'ikenyel' means 'mine', etc. It is important to remember the language is ergative-absolutive, so this applies to pronouns as well, e.g.: "I see you" is "ikenlel yava shad", and "I slept" is "iken egesheq".

Sample text

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

yem den taniklel etidil shë e ked sesh vösolme e den veleshov. den azanëlel idrö maëb e shlen e sillë zezel sesh neshë abicnesyel.

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