Tanemantin: Difference between revisions

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Tanemantin is one of the [[Ke:tic]] languages and a descendent of the classical language [[Sarim]].
Tanemantin is one of the [[Ke:tic]] languages and a descendent of the classical language [[Sarim]].


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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==


Tanemantin distinguishes between 16 consonant phonemes
Tanemantin distinguishes between 17 consonant phonemes


{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
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|-
|-
|'''Plosive/Affricate'''
|'''Plosive/Affricate'''
|'''p''' /pʰ/ '''b''' /p/
|'''b''' /b/  
|'''t''' /tʰ/ '''d''' /t/
|'''t''' /t/ '''d''' /d/
|
|'''j''' /ʨ/
|'''k''' /kʰ/ '''g'''/k/
|
|
|'''j''' /ʤ/
|'''k''' /k/ '''g''' /g/
|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/
|-
|-
|'''Fricative'''
|'''Fricative'''
|'''f''' /f/
|'''v''' /β/
|'''th''' /θ/
|
|'''s''' /s/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''x''' /ɕ/
|'''š''' /ʃ/
|
|
|'''h''' /h/
|'''h''' /h/
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|'''n''' /n/
|'''n''' /n/
|
|
|
|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Liquid'''
|'''Liquid'''
|'''w''' /w/  
|'''w''' /w/
|
|'''l''' /l/  
|'''r''' /ɾ/ '''l''' /l/  
|'''r''' /ɾ/  
|'''y''' /j/
|'''y''' /j/
|
|
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|}
|}


There are four vowel phonemes /i e a o u / '''i e a o u''', aswell as six diphthongs, all falling /ai ei oi au eu ou/ '''ai ei oi au eu ou'''


The ten vowel phonemes are '''a e i u ā ē ī ū ai au''' /a e i u a: e: i: u: aj aw/. Vowel length is phonemic, and length alteration a fairly important part of Tanemantin morphology. /aj aw/ are considered to be long vowels, and their corresponding short forms /i u/.
===Stress===


Stress in Tanemantin is non-phonemic, always falling on the penultimate syllable of the word unless an adjacent syllable has a long vowel nucleus, in which case the stress shifts to that syllable. If both the final and antepenultimate vowels are long, stress falls on the final vowel.  
Stress in Tanemantin is non-phonemic, always falling on the penultimate syllable of the word unless an adjacent syllable has a long vowel nucleus, in which case the stress shifts to that syllable. If both the final and antepenultimate vowels are long, stress falls on the final vowel. Monosyllabic semantic words are stressed, grammatical particles are not.  


===Syllable Structure===
===Syllable Structure===


Tanemantin has a (C)V(C) syllable structure. The vowel is the only compulsory element of a syllable, and CC clusters only occur word-internally. Most potential clusters are attested in the language except for fricative-fricative clusters, which simplified to single fricatives at an earlier stage (in the native orthography fricative-fricative clusters still appear, e.g. '''axu''' ''the Moon'' is written ath.xu from Sarim ''*ɛtsɛxu'' ); clusters including one of /j w/ (which presumably simplified before the modern orthography was set, e.g. '''danē''' ''yam'' from Sarim ''*θanwɛŋ'''; and clusters of stop+fricative, as attested in the lative case, e.g. '''yad''' all. singular '''yadi''', all. plural '''yadithi''' . Word finally, only '''m t d n s th r l h''' occur.
Tanemantin has a CV(C) syllable structure, with the caveat that only /n m ŋ ʔ/. Word-internal clusters which are permitted are /ʔt ʔk ʔm ʔn ʔŋ nt ŋk ns/.
 
 
===Morpho-phonological Processes===
 
Although the number of Tanemantin coda consonants is limited, Tanemantin roots can end in any consonant or cluster of two consonants, for example '''mug-''' ''sea'', '''mart-''' ''cut''. In the absolutive singular and construct state of verbs, roots such as these undergo changes to make them meet Tanemantin's phonological criteria. For stems ending in a single consonant:
 
-'''k g x''' all become '''h'''. So '''mug-''' has the absolutive singular form '''muh'''
-'''p b j w y''' are lost, with any preceding short vowel lengthened.
 
For roots ending in two consonants, the following rules apply:
 
- the second consonant of the cluster is deleted.
- if the resulting single consonant is not a permitted coda consonant, it undergoes the same changes as for single consonants given above.
 
 
== Nominal Morphology ==
 
Tanemantin is a largely fusional language - inflexional morphemes can carry more than one meaning. Tanemantin nouns are declined for six cases: Absolutive, Lative, Locative, Ablative, Partitive and Ergative, aswell as singular and plural numbers. There are six noun declensions in Tanemantin, based on the final sound of the root: The first consists roots ending in a consonant other than '''s''', the second of roots ending in '''a''' or '''e'''  the third in '''i''', the fourth in '''u''', the fifth declension is for nouns ending in a long vowel or diphthong and monosyllabic words ending in a vowel, and the sixth for roots ending in '''s'''.
 
 
===First Declension===
 
'''yad''' - farmer, '''sarn''' - village
 
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''yad''' ||'''yadi''' || '''sar''' ||'''sarni'''
|-
||Lative||'''yadi''' ||'''yadithi''' || '''sarni''' ||'''sarnithi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''yada''' ||'''yadī''' ||'''sarna''' || '''sarnī'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''yadum''' ||'''yadin''' ||'''sarnum'''|| '''sarnin'''
|-
||Partitive||'''yadnu''' ||'''yadinu''' ||'''sarn''a''nu''' || '''sarninu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''yadas''' ||'''yadī''' ||'''sarnas''' ||'''sarnī'''
|-
|}
 
 
===Second Declension===
 
 
'''hathra''' - woman; '''nawe''' - language
 
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''hathra''' ||'''hathri''' || '''nawe''' ||'''nawi'''
|-
||Lative||'''hathrathi''' ||'''hathrithi''' || '''nawethi''' ||'''nawithi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''hathrā''' ||'''hathrī''' ||'''nawē''' || '''nawī'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''hathram''' ||'''hathrin''' ||'''nawem'''|| '''nawin'''
|-
||Partitive||'''hathranu''' ||'''hathrinu''' ||'''nawenu''' || '''nawinu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''hathras''' ||'''hathrī''' ||'''nawes''' ||'''nawī'''
|-
|}
 


===Third Declension===
== Nouns and Nominals ==


'''ari''' - man
Tanemantin nouns are divided into two classes: animate and inanimate. Animate nouns are those traditionally considered capable of movement: people, animals, spirits, the Sun and Moon, and bodies of moving water. Inanimate nouns cover everything else. There is a very limited nominal morphology - there is no case marking, and only animate nouns are marked for plurality,


{|
=Number=
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''ari''' ||'''arī'''
|-
||Lative||'''arithi''' ||'''arīthi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''arī''' ||'''ariyā'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''arim''' ||'''ariyam'''
|-
||Partitive||'''arinu''' ||'''arīnu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''arī''' ||'''ariyas'''
|}
 
 
===Fourth Declension===
 
'''nasu''' - son, child
 
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''nasu''' ||'''nasī'''
|-
||Lative||'''nasuthi''' ||'''nasīthi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''nasū''' ||'''nasū'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''nasum''' ||'''nasuyam'''
|-
||Partitive||'''nasunu''' ||'''nasīnu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''nasus''' ||'''nasuyas'''
|}
 
===Fifth Declension===
 
'''kansau''' - port; '''ge''' - rice
 
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''kansau''' ||'''kansauya''' || '''ge''' ||'''geya'''
|-
||Lative||'''kansauthi''' ||'''kansauyathi''' || '''gethi''' ||'''geyathi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''kansau''' ||'''kansauyā''' ||'''ge''' || '''geyā'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''kansum''' ||'''kansauyam''' ||'''geyam'''|| '''geyam'''
|-
||Partitive||'''kansaunu''' ||'''kansauyanu''' ||'''genu''' || '''geyanu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''kansus''' ||'''kansauyas''' ||'''geyas''' ||'''geyas'''
|-
|}
 
===Sixth Declension===
 
'''mas''' - house
 
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||Absolutive ||'''mas''' ||'''mahi'''
|-
||Lative||'''masi''' ||'''mahithi'''
|-
||Locative ||'''masa''' ||'''mahī'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''masum''' ||'''mahin'''
|-
||Partitive||'''masnu''' ||'''mahinu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''mas''' ||'''mahī'''
|}


The singular is the unmarked form. Animate nouns are marked as plural with the suffix '''-wa''': '''koi''' "dog" '''koiwa''' "dogs". However, there is a small class of nouns with suppletive forms originally derived from reduplication, mostly relationship terms: '''ama''' "mother", '''ameme''' 'mothers', '''ban''' "sister" '''bamen''' "sisters", as well as some other nouns: '''yaʔ''' "man", '''yaʔyi''' "men".


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
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==Personal Pronouns==
==Personal Pronouns==


Tanemantin has the usual run of first, second, and third person pronouns in singular and plural. It also has an obviate "fourth person" pronoun, which is not declined for number. Unlike nouns, Tanemantin pronouns have a distinct genitive case in addition to the normal six cases, and for the first and second person pronouns the ergative, not the absolutive, is the base form of the pronoun.
[[Category: Conlangs]]
 
First Person:
 
{|
|| ||Singular||Plural
|-
||Absolutive || '''nan''' ||'''nagan'''
|-
||Lative ||'''nethī''' ||'''negī'''
|-
||Locative||'''nā''' ||'''nagā'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''naunum''' ||'''nagum'''
|-
||Partitive ||'''naneu''' ||'''nageu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''nā''' ||'''naga'''
|-
||Genitive|| '''nara''' ||'''nagā'''
|}
 
Second Person:
 
{|
|| ||Singular||Plural
|-
||Absolutive || '''lī''' ||'''ligan'''
|-
||Lative ||'''lithī''' ||'''ligī'''
|-
||Locative||'''lī''' ||'''ligā'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''liyum''' ||'''ligum'''
|-
||Partitive ||'''liyeu''' ||'''ligeu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''li''' ||'''liga'''
|-
||Genitive|| '''lira''' ||'''ligā'''
|}
 
Third Person:
 
{|
|| ||Singular||Plural
|-
||Absolutive || '''un''' ||'''ini'''
|-
||Lative ||'''unī''' ||'''inithī'''
|-
||Locative||'''una''' ||'''inī'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''unum''' ||'''inim'''
|-
||Partitive ||'''uneu''' ||'''iniu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''us''' ||'''inī'''
|-
||Genitive|| '''una''' ||'''inī'''
|}
 
 
Fourth Person (Obviate):
 
{|
|| ||Singular||Plural
|-
||Absolutive || '''thi'''
|-
||Lative ||'''thī'''
|-
||Locative||'''thī'''
|-
||Ablative ||'''thiyum'''
|-
||Partitive ||'''thinu'''
|-
||Ergative ||'''thī'''
|-
||Genitive|| '''thī'''
|}

Latest revision as of 13:53, 17 July 2011

This article is a stub. If you can contribute to its content, feel free to do so.

Tanemantin is one of the Ke:tic languages and a descendent of the classical language Sarim.


Phonology

Tanemantin distinguishes between 17 consonant phonemes

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/Affricate b /b/ t /t/ d /d/ j /ʤ/ k /k/ g /g/ ʔ /ʔ/
Fricative v /β/ s /s/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Liquid w /w/ l /l/ r /ɾ/ y /j/

There are four vowel phonemes /i e a o u / i e a o u, aswell as six diphthongs, all falling /ai ei oi au eu ou/ ai ei oi au eu ou

Stress

Stress in Tanemantin is non-phonemic, always falling on the penultimate syllable of the word unless an adjacent syllable has a long vowel nucleus, in which case the stress shifts to that syllable. If both the final and antepenultimate vowels are long, stress falls on the final vowel. Monosyllabic semantic words are stressed, grammatical particles are not.

Syllable Structure

Tanemantin has a CV(C) syllable structure, with the caveat that only /n m ŋ ʔ/. Word-internal clusters which are permitted are /ʔt ʔk ʔm ʔn ʔŋ nt ŋk ns/.

Nouns and Nominals

Tanemantin nouns are divided into two classes: animate and inanimate. Animate nouns are those traditionally considered capable of movement: people, animals, spirits, the Sun and Moon, and bodies of moving water. Inanimate nouns cover everything else. There is a very limited nominal morphology - there is no case marking, and only animate nouns are marked for plurality,

Number

The singular is the unmarked form. Animate nouns are marked as plural with the suffix -wa: koi "dog" koiwa "dogs". However, there is a small class of nouns with suppletive forms originally derived from reduplication, mostly relationship terms: ama "mother", ameme 'mothers', ban "sister" bamen "sisters", as well as some other nouns: yaʔ "man", yaʔyi "men".

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

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