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'''Mahabhadhuphu''' (Eng: Mamanuphian; Mamanuphian: ''Mahaφξaθξoπξo'') is a language isolate. It is an ergative-absolutive language, leading some scholars to surmise that it may be related to Basque. [[Mahabhadhuphu vocabulary]]
'''Mahabhadhuphu''' (Eng: Mamanuphian; Mamanuphian: ''Mahaφξaθξoπξo'') is a language isolate. It is an ergative-absolutive language, leading some scholars to surmise that it may be related to Basque. [[Mahabhadhuphu lexicon]], [[Mahabhadhuphu vocabulary]]


==Alphabet==
==Alphabet==
The Mamanuphian alphabet (w'arewebhethu, '' f-aρefeφξedξo'') is based on ancient Etruscan, and has somewhat of a look of a mixture of Greek (Garekhey, ''Xaρecξeq'') and Latin (Rumadhey,  ''Ρomaθξeq'') alphabets. Until 1945, the alphabet had no minuscule letters. In an effort to modernize the alphabet, the letters were given their closest Latin or Greek shapes. This process was based totally on the shape of the original letter, and thus some letters have different sounds than their Greek or Latin counterparts. If the majuscule was the same in both Latin and Greek, the Latin minuscule form won out.
The Mamanuphian alphabet (arewebhethu, ''aρefeφξedξo'') is based on ancient Etruscan, and has somewhat of a look of a mixture of Greek (Garekhey, ''Xaρecξeq'') and Latin (Rubhadhey,  ''Ρoφξaθξeq'') alphabets. Until 1945, the alphabet had no minuscule letters. In an effort to modernize the alphabet, the letters were given their closest Latin or Greek shapes. This process was based totally on the shape of the original letter, and thus some letters have different sounds than their Greek or Latin counterparts. If the majuscule was the same in both Latin and Greek, the Latin minuscule form won out.


{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|Aa||Cc||Dd||Ee||Ff||Hh||Θθ||Mm||Nn||ξ||Oo||Ππ||Qq||Ρρ||Vv||Xx||Φφ
|'''Mah.'''||Aa||Cc||Dd||Ee||Ff||Hh||Θθ||Mm||Nn||ξ||Oo||Ππ||Qq||Ρρ||Rr||Vv||Xx||Φφ
|-
|-
|A||K||T||E||W||H||D||M||N||*||U||P||Y||R||Ng||G||B
|'''Latin'''||A||K||T||E||W||H||D||M||N||*||U||P||Y||R||Rr**||Ng||G||B
|-
|-
|Arew||Kabhu||Terethu||Epheru||Waw||Hethu||Dethu||Mu||Nu||Hu||Ubhekheru||Pu||Yuphu||Ru||Ngepheru||Gu||Bu
|'''IPA'''||/a/||/k/||/t/||/e/||/w/||/h/||/d/||/ɱ/||/n̪/||||/u/||/p/||/j/||/ɺ/||/ʀ/||/ŋ/||/g/||/b/
|-
||'''Name'''||Arew||Kabhu||Terethu||Epheru||Waw||Hethu||Dethu||Mu||Nu||Hu||Ubhekheru||Pu||Yuphu||Ru||Arru||Ngepheru||Gu||Bu
|-
||'''Mah. name'''||Aρef||Caφξo||Deρedξo||Eπξeρo||Faf||Hedξo||Θedξo||Mo||No||Ho||Oφξecξeρo||Πo||Qoπξo||Ρo||Aro||Veπξeρo||Xu||Φo
|-
|-
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The letter ''ξ'' is used to show aspiration of the previous stop consonant (eg., b > bʰ, p > pʰ, etc.) It may also be written as a circumflex (^ rutheghu, ''ρodξexξo'') over the letter. Since current morphology requires that all stop consonants are aspirated intervocalically, the hu or rutheghu is often left out as redundant. For example, the name of the language, ''Mahaφξaθξoπξo'' (Mahabhadhuphu) is often spelt ''Mahaφaθoπ0o'', but ''φξaqaπξav'' (bhayaphang: island) would still be spelt ''φξaqaπav'' (with the initial ''ξ'' after the ''φ'' remaining). This guide will use official spelling with the ''ξ'' left in tact. ''ξ'' has no majuscule.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The letter ''ξ'' is used to show aspiration of the previous stop consonant (eg., b > bʰ, p > pʰ, etc.) It may also be written as a circumflex (^ rutheghu, ''ρodξexξo'') over the letter. Since current morphology requires that all stop consonants are aspirated intervocalically, the hu or rutheghu is often left out as redundant. For example, the name of the language, ''Mahaφξaθξoπξo'' (Mahabhadhuphu) is often spelt ''Mahaφaθoπ0o'', but ''φξaqaπξav'' (bhayaphang: island) would still be spelt ''φξaqaπav'' (with the initial ''ξ'' after the ''φ'' remaining). This guide will use official spelling with the ''ξ'' left in tact. ''ξ'' has no majuscule.
<nowiki>**</nowiki> There are two "R" sounds in Mahamanuphian. The first, represented by the letter ''ρ'' is an alveolar lateral flap, similar to the letter "R" as pronounced in Japanese, the second is represented by the letter


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
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{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!'''conjugation'''!!Absolutive case!!Ergative case!!Genitive  case!!Dative case
!'''word'''!!Absolutive case!!Ergative case!!Genitive  case!!Dative case||Instrumental case
|-
|-
|'''man'''||mahu, ''maho''||maheru, ''maheρo''||mahey, ''maheq''||maham, ''maham''
|'''man'''||mahu, ''maho''||maheru, ''maheρo''||mahey, ''maheq''||maham, ''maham''||mahar, ''mahaρ''
|-
|-
|'''woman'''||kure, ''coρe''||kurere, ''coρeρe''||kurey, ''coρeq''||kuram, ''coρam''
|'''woman'''||kure, ''coρe''||kurere, ''coρeρe''||kurey, ''coρeq''||kuram, ''coρam''||kurar, ''coρaρ''
|-
|-
|'''king'''||haru, ''haρo''||hareru, ''haρeρo''||harey, ''haρeq''||haram, ''haρam''
|'''king'''||haru, ''haρo''||hareru, ''haρeρo''||harey, ''haρeq''||haram, ''haρam''||harar, ''haρaρ''
|-
|-
|'''human (being)'''||gephe, ''xeπξe''||gephere, ''xeπξere''||gephey, ''xeπξeq''||gepham, ''xeπξam''
|'''human (being)'''||gephe, ''xeπξe''||gephere, ''xeπξere''||gephey, ''xeπξeq''||gepham, ''xeπξam''||gephar, ''xeπξaρ''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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===Type two: Animals and plants (theng teheng radhaheng: ''dξev dehev ρaθξahev'')===
===Type two: Animals and plants (theng teheng radhaheng: ''dξev dehev ρaθξahev'')===


Type two nouns end in e -eng in the absolutive and ergative cases.
Type two nouns usually end in -eng in the absolutive and ergative cases. Domesticated animals and palnts may end either in -u or -eng. The -eng usually gives a connotation of wildness.


{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!'''conjugation'''!!Absolutive case!!Ergative case!!Genitive  case!!Dative case
!'''word'''!!Absolutive case!!Ergative case!!Genitive  case!!Dative case
|-
|-
|'''tree'''||dukheng, ''θocξev''||dukhereng, ''θocξeρev''||dukhey, ''θocξeq''||dukham, ''θocξam''
|'''tree'''||dukheng, ''θocξev''||dukhereng, ''θocξeρev''||dukhey, ''θocξeq''||dukham, ''θocξam''
|-
|-
|'''plant'''||radhaheng, ''ρaθξahev''||radhahereng, ''ρaθξaherev''||radhahey, ''ρaθξaheq''||radhaham, ''ρaθξaham''
|'''plant'''||radhaheng, ''ρaθξahev''||radhahereng, ''ρaθξaheρev''||radhahey, ''ρaθξaheq''||radhaham, ''ρaθξaham''
|-
|-
|'''cow'''||bhahu (bhaheng), φξaho (φξahev)||bhaheru (bhahereng), φξaheρo (φξaheρev)||bhahey, φξahey||bhaham (φξaham)
|}
|}
===Type three: Tools (kerebha: ''ceρeφξa'')===
Type three nouns include tools, most technology and languages. Tools and technology usually end in either -a or -u. Languages usually end in -ethe or -uphu.


===Feminine===
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!'''word'''!!Absolutive case!!Ergative case!!Genitive  case!!Dative case!!Instrumental case
|-
|'''automobile'''||awthumubhera, ''afdξomoφξeρa''||awthumubherera, ''afdξomoφξeρeρa''||awthumubherey, ''afdξomoφξeρeq''||awthumubheram, ''afdξomoφξeρam''|| awthumubherar, ''afdξomoφξeρaρ
|-
|'''hammer'''||yura, ''qoρa''||yurera, ''qoρeρa''||yurey, ''qoρeq''||yuram, ''qoρam''||yurar, ''qoρaρ''
|-
|'''pot'''||ngehu, ''veho''||ngeheru, ''veheρo''||ngehey, ''veheq''||ngeham, ''veham''||ngehar, ''vehaρ''
|-
|}


===Type four: Body parts===
===Type five: Places===
===Type six===


===Articles===
===Articles===
There is no indefinate article in Mamanuphian. The definate article is a prefix: wa- (''fa''). Eg., mahu,  ''maho'': man, a man; wabhahu ''faφξaho''. The ''m'' changes to ''bh'' according to the rules of Mamanuphian morphology. This sometimes causes problems as it creates groups of two or three homonyms: bhahu, ''φξaho'' (cow) and bahu, ''φaho'' (candle) both also become wabhahu, ''faφξaho''
There is no indefinate or definate article in Mamanuphian.


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
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|'''him/her/it'''||rehu, ''ρeho''||wehu, ''feho''||gehu, ''xeho''
|'''him/her/it'''||rehu, ''ρeho''||wehu, ''feho''||gehu, ''xeho''
|}
|}
[[Category: Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 12:39, 17 July 2011

Mahabhadhuphu (Eng: Mamanuphian; Mamanuphian: Mahaφξaθξoπξo) is a language isolate. It is an ergative-absolutive language, leading some scholars to surmise that it may be related to Basque. Mahabhadhuphu lexicon, Mahabhadhuphu vocabulary

Alphabet

The Mamanuphian alphabet (arewebhethu, aρefeφξedξo) is based on ancient Etruscan, and has somewhat of a look of a mixture of Greek (Garekhey, Xaρecξeq) and Latin (Rubhadhey, Ρoφξaθξeq) alphabets. Until 1945, the alphabet had no minuscule letters. In an effort to modernize the alphabet, the letters were given their closest Latin or Greek shapes. This process was based totally on the shape of the original letter, and thus some letters have different sounds than their Greek or Latin counterparts. If the majuscule was the same in both Latin and Greek, the Latin minuscule form won out.

Mah. Aa Cc Dd Ee Ff Hh Θθ Mm Nn ξ Oo Ππ Qq Ρρ Rr Vv Xx Φφ
Latin A K T E W H D M N * U P Y R Rr** Ng G B
IPA /a/ /k/ /t/ /e/ /w/ /h/ /d/ /ɱ/ /n̪/ /u/ /p/ /j/ /ɺ/ /ʀ/ /ŋ/ /g/ /b/
Name Arew Kabhu Terethu Epheru Waw Hethu Dethu Mu Nu Hu Ubhekheru Pu Yuphu Ru Arru Ngepheru Gu Bu
Mah. name Aρef Caφξo Deρedξo Eπξeρo Faf Hedξo Θedξo Mo No Ho Oφξecξeρo Πo Qoπξo Ρo Aro Veπξeρo Xu Φo

*The letter ξ is used to show aspiration of the previous stop consonant (eg., b > bʰ, p > pʰ, etc.) It may also be written as a circumflex (^ rutheghu, ρodξexξo) over the letter. Since current morphology requires that all stop consonants are aspirated intervocalically, the hu or rutheghu is often left out as redundant. For example, the name of the language, Mahaφξaθξoπξo (Mahabhadhuphu) is often spelt Mahaφaθoπ0o, but φξaqaπξav (bhayaphang: island) would still be spelt φξaqaπav (with the initial ξ after the φ remaining). This guide will use official spelling with the ξ left in tact. ξ has no majuscule.

** There are two "R" sounds in Mahamanuphian. The first, represented by the letter ρ is an alveolar lateral flap, similar to the letter "R" as pronounced in Japanese, the second is represented by the letter

Orthography

Mamanuphian orthography is very basic. Words may begin with either a consonant or a vowel and follow the rule of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel. Words may end in either a vowel or nasal (M, N or Ng). Nasala are not allowed internally in a word, and change according to this pattern: M>Bh, N>Dh, Ng>Th.

Nouns

There are five classes of nouns in Mamanuphian:

Type one: Human (gephey: xeπξeq)

Related to humans. Usually ends in -u or -e in the absolutive and ergative cases.

word Absolutive case Ergative case Genitive case Dative case Instrumental case
man mahu, maho maheru, maheρo mahey, maheq maham, maham mahar, mahaρ
woman kure, coρe kurere, coρeρe kurey, coρeq kuram, coρam kurar, coρaρ
king haru, haρo hareru, haρeρo harey, haρeq haram, haρam harar, haρaρ
human (being) gephe, xeπξe gephere, xeπξere gephey, xeπξeq gepham, xeπξam gephar, xeπξaρ

Type two: Animals and plants (theng teheng radhaheng: dξev dehev ρaθξahev)

Type two nouns usually end in -eng in the absolutive and ergative cases. Domesticated animals and palnts may end either in -u or -eng. The -eng usually gives a connotation of wildness.

word Absolutive case Ergative case Genitive case Dative case
tree dukheng, θocξev dukhereng, θocξeρev dukhey, θocξeq dukham, θocξam
plant radhaheng, ρaθξahev radhahereng, ρaθξaheρev radhahey, ρaθξaheq radhaham, ρaθξaham
cow bhahu (bhaheng), φξaho (φξahev) bhaheru (bhahereng), φξaheρo (φξaheρev) bhahey, φξahey bhaham (φξaham)

Type three: Tools (kerebha: ceρeφξa)

Type three nouns include tools, most technology and languages. Tools and technology usually end in either -a or -u. Languages usually end in -ethe or -uphu.

word Absolutive case Ergative case Genitive case Dative case Instrumental case
automobile awthumubhera, afdξomoφξeρa awthumubherera, afdξomoφξeρeρa awthumubherey, afdξomoφξeρeq awthumubheram, afdξomoφξeρam awthumubherar, afdξomoφξeρaρ
hammer yura, qoρa yurera, qoρeρa yurey, qoρeq yuram, qoρam yurar, qoρaρ
pot ngehu, veho ngeheru, veheρo ngehey, veheq ngeham, veham ngehar, vehaρ

Type four: Body parts

Type five: Places

Type six

Articles

There is no indefinate or definate article in Mamanuphian.

Pronouns

I you he/she/it
me ru, ρo wu, fo gu, xu
you ram, ρam wam, fam gam, xam
him/her/it rehu, ρeho wehu, feho gehu, xeho
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