Classical Diūn: Difference between revisions

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== '''''Phonology''''' ==
{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#6666FF" align="center" |'''Classical Diūn'''
|-
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
||Diūn City-States
|-
|valign="top"|Time Period:
|| 200 YBK - 200 YSK(200 CE - 600 CE)
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
||extinct
|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||Proto-Diūn<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Classical Diūn'''
|-
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
||SOV
|-
|valign="top"|Morphological type:
||semi-fusional
|-
|valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:
||Ergative-Absolutive
|-
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#6666FF" align="center" |'''Created by:'''
|-
||[[User:Mezzo|Samuel Hopping]] || February 8, 2007-
|}




'''''Phonemes'''''


Classical Diūn was born on Thursday February 08, 2007 at 8:08:35 PM as Djún. It has also been known as Djūn and Djun.


'''Plosive''' <nowiki>/p b t d t` d` k g/ <p b t d t` d` k g></nowiki>
'''Nasal''' <nowiki>/m n n`/ <m n n`></nowiki>
'''Fricative''' <nowiki>/f v T D s z S Z C X\ h/ <f v þ ð s z ş ż c x h></nowiki>
'''Affricate''' <nowiki>/ts tS/ <ts ç></nowiki>
'''Approximant''' <nowiki>/r\ j/ <r j></nowiki>
'''Lateral Approximant''' <nowiki>/l/ <l></nowiki>




'''Close''' <nowiki>/i y u/ <ī y ū></nowiki>
== I. Phonology: ==


'''Close''' <nowiki>Lax /I U/ <i u></nowiki>


'''Close-Mid''' <nowiki>/e 2 o/ <ē ö ō></nowiki>


'''Mid Lax''' <nowiki>/@/ <ë></nowiki>
'''A. Phoneme Inventory:'''


'''Open-Mid''' <nowiki>/E O/ <e o></nowiki>
a. Consonants


'''Open Lax''' <nowiki>/{/ <æ></nowiki>
{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 60%;"
!
![[bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
![[Plosive]]
| align="center"|p, b
| align="center"|t, d
|
| align="center"|t`, d`
|
| align="center"|k, g
|-
![[Nasal]]
| align="center"|m
| align="center"|n
|
| align="center"|n`
|
|
|-
![[Fricative]]
| align="center"|p\, B
| align="center"|s, z
|
| align="center"|s`, z`
| align="center"|C
|
|-
![[Affricate]]
|
| align="center"|ts
| align="center"|tS
|
|
|
|-
![[Approximant]]
|
| align="center"|r\
|
|
| align="center"|j
|
|-
![[Lateral]]
|
| align="center"|l
|
|
|
|
|}


'''Open''' <nowiki>/A/ <a></nowiki>
b. Consonant Orthography


{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 60%;"
!
![[bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
![[Plosive]]
| align="center"|p, b
| align="center"|t, d
|
| align="center"|th, dh
|
| align="center"|c, g
|-
![[Nasal]]
| align="center"|m
| align="center"|n
|
| align="center"|nh
|
|
|-
![[Fricative]]
| align="center"|ph, bh / f, v
| align="center"|s, z
|
| align="center"|sh, zh
| align="center"|h
|
|-
![[Affricate]]
|
| align="center"|ċ/cc
| align="center"|ch
|
|
|
|-
![[Approximant]]
|
| align="center"|r
|
|
| align="center"|i
|
|-
![[Lateral]]
|
| align="center"|l
|
|
|
|
|}


'''short''' y i u ö ë e o a
c. Vowels


'''long''' ī ū ē ō æ
{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 70%;"
!
![[front vowel|Front]]
![[central vowel|Central]]
![[back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[close vowel|Close]]
| align="center"|i, i:
|
| align="center"|u, u:
|-
![[close mid vowel|Close Mid]]
| align="center"|e, e:
|
| align="center"|o, o:
|-
![[open vowel|Open]]
| align="center"|a, a:
|
|}


d. Vowel Orthography


'''Diphthongs''' <nowiki>/OI aI aU/ <oi ai au ></nowiki>
{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 70%;"
!
![[front vowel|Front]]
![[central vowel|Central]]
![[back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[close vowel|Close]]
| align="center"|i, ī
|
| align="center"|u, ū
|-
![[close mid vowel|Close Mid]]
| align="center"|e, ē
|
| align="center"|o, ō
|-
![[open vowel|Open]]
| align="center"|a, ā
|
|}


d. Diphthongs:


----
[[Image:Diphthongs.jpg]]


/ai au oi/ <ai au oi>


'''''Syllable Structure'''''
'''B. Allophones:'''




CV
a. [J] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /n/


b. [N] occurs in the coda of a syllable as an allophone of /n/


Stress is on the first syllable
c. [tts] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /ts/


d. [ttS] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /tS/


----
e. [dZ] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /g/




'''''Allophones'''''
'''C. Phonotactics'''




All plosives become aspirated at the end of a word
a. No consonant clusters consisting of only fricatives,plosives or approximants


[N] occurs at the end of words as an allophone of /n/
b. The coda and onset cannot consist of more than two consonant sounds


[J] occurs as an allophone of /n/ word medial
c. Approximants cannot begin a word. Approximants also have to have a Plosive or only the following
fricatives infront of them /f v s z h/.


[dZ] is an allophone of /g/ that occurs medially
d. /r\/ cannot come after /p b k s z g/


e. retroflex consonants can only come at the end of a word


----


'''D. Syllable Structure'''


'''''Phonotactics'''''


a. CV(C)


No consonant clusters consisting of only fricatives,plosives or approximants
= II.Grammar: =


No consonant clusters involving nasals


The coda and onset cannot consist of more than two consonant sounds
== '''I. The Ergative Case''' ==


There can be no double vowels sounds. vowels are either between two consonants or are diphthongs.


Approximants cannot begin a word. Approximants also have to have a Plosive or only the following fricatives /f v s z X\ h/.


/r\/ cannot come after /p b k s z g X\ h/ or any retroflex consonants.
a. The Ergative Case marks the subject of a transitive verb. The Ergative Case is marked by the suffix, -(o)m.
 
 
 
b. The Ergative Pronouns are as follows:
 
 
[[Image:Tablee2.PNG]]
 
 
'''Sihlem hiud ciīs cugi mo.'''
 
''Eng: The worm went down into the earth''
 
 
'''Tia toidan zado.'''
 
''Eng: I see this man.''
 
 
c. The Ergative Plural is expressed with the suffix, -(i)dom.
 
 
'''Sihledom toi haccēde.'''
 
''Eng: Worms frighten me.''
 
 
 
== '''II. The Absolutive Case''' ==
 
 
a. The Absolutive case functions as the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs. The Absolutive case is unmarked by morphology but distinguished syntactically. The Absolutive case is also used as the object of postpositions.
 
 
b. The Absolutive pronouns are as follows:
 
 
[[image:tablee.png]]
 
 
'''Ci toidan vōmi mo.'''
 
''Eng: He hit this man''
 
 
'''Tia buhia Ċav he phīho.'''
 
''Eng: I love the girl from Ċav.''
 
 
c. The Absolutive plural is expressed with the suffix, (i)d.
 
 
'''Tia sihled zado mo.'''
 
''Eng: I saw the worm''
 
 
[[Category: Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 09:46, 15 July 2011

Classical Diūn
Spoken in: Diūn City-States
Time Period: 200 YBK - 200 YSK(200 CE - 600 CE)
Total speakers: extinct
Genealogical classification: Proto-Diūn

  Classical Diūn

Basic word order: SOV
Morphological type: semi-fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: Ergative-Absolutive
Created by:
Samuel Hopping February 8, 2007-


Classical Diūn was born on Thursday February 08, 2007 at 8:08:35 PM as Djún. It has also been known as Djūn and Djun.


I. Phonology:

A. Phoneme Inventory:

a. Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Plosive p, b t, d t`, d` k, g
Nasal m n n`
Fricative p\, B s, z s`, z` C
Affricate ts tS
Approximant r\ j
Lateral l

b. Consonant Orthography

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Plosive p, b t, d th, dh c, g
Nasal m n nh
Fricative ph, bh / f, v s, z sh, zh h
Affricate ċ/cc ch
Approximant r i
Lateral l

c. Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i, i: u, u:
Close Mid e, e: o, o:
Open a, a:

d. Vowel Orthography

Front Central Back
Close i, ī u, ū
Close Mid e, ē o, ō
Open a, ā

d. Diphthongs:

Diphthongs.jpg

/ai au oi/ <ai au oi>

B. Allophones:


a. [J] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /n/

b. [N] occurs in the coda of a syllable as an allophone of /n/

c. [tts] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /ts/

d. [ttS] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /tS/

e. [dZ] occurs intervocalic as an allophone of /g/


C. Phonotactics


a. No consonant clusters consisting of only fricatives,plosives or approximants

b. The coda and onset cannot consist of more than two consonant sounds

c. Approximants cannot begin a word. Approximants also have to have a Plosive or only the following fricatives infront of them /f v s z h/.

d. /r\/ cannot come after /p b k s z g/

e. retroflex consonants can only come at the end of a word


D. Syllable Structure


a. CV(C)

II.Grammar:

I. The Ergative Case

a. The Ergative Case marks the subject of a transitive verb. The Ergative Case is marked by the suffix, -(o)m.


b. The Ergative Pronouns are as follows:


Tablee2.PNG


Sihlem hiud ciīs cugi mo.

Eng: The worm went down into the earth


Tia toidan zado.

Eng: I see this man.


c. The Ergative Plural is expressed with the suffix, -(i)dom.


Sihledom toi haccēde.

Eng: Worms frighten me.


II. The Absolutive Case

a. The Absolutive case functions as the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs. The Absolutive case is unmarked by morphology but distinguished syntactically. The Absolutive case is also used as the object of postpositions.


b. The Absolutive pronouns are as follows:


File:Tablee.png


Ci toidan vōmi mo.

Eng: He hit this man


Tia buhia Ċav he phīho.

Eng: I love the girl from Ċav.


c. The Absolutive plural is expressed with the suffix, (i)d.


Tia sihled zado mo.

Eng: I saw the worm

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