Classical Laefêvëši: Difference between revisions
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The language is part of a larger language family which consists of total 13 languages. Laefêvëši is natively spoken by [[Elves]] in [[Olilóinien|Olilóinien ᛅᛚᛁᛚᛌᛅᛁᚾᛁᛖᚾ]]. | The language is part of a larger language family which consists of total 13 languages. Laefêvëši is natively spoken by [[Elves]] in [[Olilóinien|Olilóinien ᛅᛚᛁᛚᛌᛅᛁᚾᛁᛖᚾ]]. | ||
== Family == | |||
Laefeveshi is part of a larger language family called Vlamarian language family which consists of 13 languages. | |||
== Phonology == | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeshi vowels | |||
| rowspan="3" | | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-front vowel|Near-front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-back vowel|Near-back]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Rounded vowel|Rounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | Unrounded | |||
! colspan="2" | Rounded | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Short vowel|Short]] | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Long vowel|Long]] | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| i | |||
| i: | |||
| y | |||
| y: | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ɯ | |||
| ɯ: | |||
| u | |||
| u: | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| ɪ | |||
| ɪ: | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ʊ | |||
| ʊ: | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| e | |||
| e: | |||
| ø | |||
| ø: | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| o | |||
| o: | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | ə | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| ɛ | |||
| ɛ: | |||
| œ | |||
| œ: | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ʌ | |||
| ʌ: | |||
| ɔ | |||
| ɔ: | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| a | |||
| a: | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeveshi consonants | |||
! colspan="2" | !![[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Dental consonant|Dental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveopalatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| m | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɲ | |||
| ŋ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Gemination|Gemiante]] | |||
| m: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| n: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| p b | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| t d | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| k ɡ | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| p: b: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| t: d: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| k: ɡ: | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Aspiration_(phonetics)|Aspirated]] | |||
| pʰ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| tʰ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| kʰ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| f v | |||
| θ ð | |||
| s z | |||
| ʃ* ʒ* | |||
| ʂ* ʐ* | |||
| ɕ ʑ | |||
| | |||
| x ɣ | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| | |||
| f: v: | |||
| θ: ð: | |||
| s: z: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ʦ ʣ | |||
| ʧ ʤ | |||
| | |||
| ʨ ʥ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Aspirated | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ʦʰ | |||
| ʧʰ | |||
| | |||
| ʨʰ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɹ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| w | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Flap consonant|Flap or tap]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɾ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Lateral approximant|Lateral<br>approximant]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| l | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ʎ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| l: | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
* asterisk (*): the two post-alveolar fricatives /ʃ ʒ/ are interchangeable with the retroflex fricatives /ʂ ʐ/. | |||
== Writing system == | |||
Laefeveshi uses two types of writing systems, the traditional runic alphabet and alternative Latin writing. There have been many attempts to write Laefeveshi with Latin letters but because of its rich phonology it has proven to be very difficult to find an appropriate romanization. | |||
=== Latitheo === | |||
The romanization of the Laefeveshi language is called '''Látiþeo''' or ''latitheo'' in English. The current official system uses a large number of letters, many with diacritics. | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeshi vowels | |||
| rowspan="3" | | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-front vowel|Near-front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-back vowel|Near-back]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Rounded vowel|Rounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | Unrounded | |||
! colspan="2" | Rounded | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Short vowel|Short]] | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Long vowel|Long]] | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| i, í | |||
| í | |||
| y, ý | |||
| ý | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ü, ű | |||
| ű | |||
| u, ú | |||
| ú | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| ī, î | |||
| î | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ū, û | |||
| û | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| e, é | |||
| é | |||
| ø, ǿ | |||
| ǿ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| o, ó | |||
| ó | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | ë, ä | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| ē, ê | |||
| ê | |||
| ö, ő | |||
| ő | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ā, â | |||
| â | |||
| ō, ô | |||
| ô | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| a, á | |||
| á, ă | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeveshi consonants | |||
! colspan="2" | !![[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Dental consonant|Dental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveopalatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| m | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| nj | |||
| ŋ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Gemination|Gemiante]] | |||
| mm | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| nn | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| p b | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| t d | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| k ɡ | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| pp bb | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| tt dd | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| kk ɡg | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Aspiration_(phonetics)|Aspirated]] | |||
| pq | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| tq | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| kq | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| f v | |||
| þ ð | |||
| s z | |||
| š ž | |||
| ṡ/ṣ ż/ẓ | |||
| ś ź | |||
| | |||
| h x | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| | |||
| ff vv | |||
| þþ ðð | |||
| ss zz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| c dz | |||
| č dž | |||
| | |||
| ć dź | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Aspirated | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| cq | |||
| čq | |||
| | |||
| ćq | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ŗ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| w | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| rr | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Flap consonant|Flap or tap]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Lateral approximant|Lateral<br>approximant]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| l | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| lj | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ll | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
=== Runic alphabet === | |||
Laefêvëši uses an adaptation of the [[wiki:Runic_alphabet|runic alphabet]] along with the Latin script. | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeshi vowels | |||
| rowspan="3" | | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-front vowel|Near-front]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Near-back vowel|Near-back]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Rounded vowel|Rounded]] | |||
! colspan="2" | Unrounded | |||
! colspan="2" | Rounded | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Short vowel|Short]] | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Long vowel|Long]] | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
! Short | |||
! Long | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| ᛁ, ᛌᛁ | |||
| ᛌᛁ | |||
| ᚣ, ᛌᚣ | |||
| ᛌᚣ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ᚥ, ᛌᚥ | |||
| ᛌᚥ | |||
| ᚢ, ᛌᚢ | |||
| ᛌᚢ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| ᛄ, ᛌᛄ | |||
| ᛌᛄ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ᚤ, ᛌᚤ | |||
| ᛌᚤ | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| ᛖ, ᛌᛖ | |||
| ᛌᛖ | |||
| ᛡ, ᛌᛡ | |||
| ᛌᛡ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ᛟ, ᛌᛟ | |||
| ᛌᛟ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | ᛇ, ᛌᛇ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| ᚬ, ᛌᚬ | |||
| ᛌᚬ | |||
| ᚯ, ᛌᚯ | |||
| ᛌᚯ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ᛮ, ᛌᛮ | |||
| ᛌᛮ | |||
| ᛅ, ᛌᛅ | |||
| ᛌᛅ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| ᚨ, ᛌᚨ | |||
| ᛌᚨ, ᚮ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Laefeveshi consonants | |||
! colspan="2" | !![[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Dental consonant|Dental]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveopalatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| ᛗ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚾ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᛜ | |||
| ᛝ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Gemination|Gemiante]] | |||
| ᚲᛗ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚲᚾ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[Wikipedia:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| ᛈ ᛒ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᛏ ᛞ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚸ ᚷ | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| ᚲᛈ ᚲᛒ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚲᛏ ᚲᛞ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚲᚸ ᚲᚷ | |||
|- | |||
! [[Wikipedia:Aspiration_(phonetics)|Aspirated]] | |||
| ᛈᚺ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᛏᚺ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚸᚺ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| ᚠ ᚴ | |||
| ᚦ ᛨ | |||
| ᛊ ᛉ | |||
| ᛋ ᛣ | |||
| ''ṡ/ṣ ż/ẓ''* | |||
| ᛠ ᛯ | |||
| | |||
| ᚻ ᛤ | |||
|- | |||
! Geminate | |||
| | |||
| ᚲᚠ ᚲᚴ | |||
| ᚲᚦ ᚲᛨ | |||
| ᚲᛊ ᚲᛉ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | |||
! Plain | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚳ ᛩ | |||
| ᛥ ᛪ | |||
| | |||
| ᛕ ᛰ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Aspirated | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚳᚺ | |||
| ᛥᚺ | |||
| | |||
| ᛕᚺ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᚿ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᛃ | |||
| ᚹ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ᛢ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Flap consonant|Flap or tap]] | |||
| | |||
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| ᚱ | |||
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! rowspan="2" | [[Wikipedia:Lateral approximant|Lateral<br>approximant]] | |||
! Plain | |||
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| ᛚ | |||
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| ᚭ | |||
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! Geminate | |||
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| ᚲᛚ | |||
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== Grammar == | |||
Revision as of 07:29, 10 December 2010
Laefeveshi Laefêvëši ᛚᚨᛖᚠᛌᚬᚴᛇᛋᛁ | |
Spoken in: | Olilóinien (planet) |
Conworld: | |
Total speakers: | |
Genealogical classification: | Vlamarian
|
Basic word order: | SVO (neutral), free |
Morphological type: | agglutinating, inflecting, polysynthetic |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | nominative-accusative |
Writing system: | |
Created by: | |
Andrej Šuc | 2003-2010 |
Laefêvëši ᛚᚨᛖᚠᛌᚬᚴᛇᛋᛁ or Laefeveshi is an a priori conlang created by Andrej Šuc. The beginnings of the conlang date back to the year 2003 and the conlang has been developing ever since. The language was inspired by Slovene and several other languages but it is essentially an a priori conlang. It has a rich phonology and it's highly agglutinative with inflecting and polysynthetic features. It uses extended Latin script but alternatively also adopted runic alphabet.
The language is part of a larger language family which consists of total 13 languages. Laefêvëši is natively spoken by Elves in Olilóinien ᛅᛚᛁᛚᛌᛅᛁᚾᛁᛖᚾ.
Family
Laefeveshi is part of a larger language family called Vlamarian language family which consists of 13 languages.
Phonology
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |||||||||||
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
Close | i | i: | y | y: | ɯ | ɯ: | u | u: | ||||||
Near-close | ɪ | ɪ: | ʊ | ʊ: | ||||||||||
Close-mid | e | e: | ø | ø: | o | o: | ||||||||
Mid | ə | |||||||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɛ: | œ | œ: | ʌ | ʌ: | ɔ | ɔ: | ||||||
Open | a | a: |
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Alveopalatal | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | Plain | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||
Gemiante | m: | n: | ||||||||
Plosive | Plain | p b | t d | k ɡ | ||||||
Geminate | p: b: | t: d: | k: ɡ: | |||||||
Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||||
Fricative | Plain | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ* ʒ* | ʂ* ʐ* | ɕ ʑ | x ɣ | ||
Geminate | f: v: | θ: ð: | s: z: | |||||||
Affricate | Plain | ʦ ʣ | ʧ ʤ | ʨ ʥ | ||||||
Aspirated | ʦʰ | ʧʰ | ʨʰ | |||||||
Approximant | ɹ | j | w | |||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||
Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||||
Lateral approximant |
Plain | l | ʎ | |||||||
Geminate | l: |
Notes:
- asterisk (*): the two post-alveolar fricatives /ʃ ʒ/ are interchangeable with the retroflex fricatives /ʂ ʐ/.
Writing system
Laefeveshi uses two types of writing systems, the traditional runic alphabet and alternative Latin writing. There have been many attempts to write Laefeveshi with Latin letters but because of its rich phonology it has proven to be very difficult to find an appropriate romanization.
Latitheo
The romanization of the Laefeveshi language is called Látiþeo or latitheo in English. The current official system uses a large number of letters, many with diacritics.
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |||||||||||
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
Close | i, í | í | y, ý | ý | ü, ű | ű | u, ú | ú | ||||||
Near-close | ī, î | î | ū, û | û | ||||||||||
Close-mid | e, é | é | ø, ǿ | ǿ | o, ó | ó | ||||||||
Mid | ë, ä | |||||||||||||
Open-mid | ē, ê | ê | ö, ő | ő | ā, â | â | ō, ô | ô | ||||||
Open | a, á | á, ă |
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Alveopalatal | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | Plain | m | n | nj | ŋ | |||||
Gemiante | mm | nn | ||||||||
Plosive | Plain | p b | t d | k ɡ | ||||||
Geminate | pp bb | tt dd | kk ɡg | |||||||
Aspirated | pq | tq | kq | |||||||
Fricative | Plain | f v | þ ð | s z | š ž | ṡ/ṣ ż/ẓ | ś ź | h x | ||
Geminate | ff vv | þþ ðð | ss zz | |||||||
Affricate | Plain | c dz | č dž | ć dź | ||||||
Aspirated | cq | čq | ćq | |||||||
Approximant | ŗ | j | w | |||||||
Trill | rr | |||||||||
Flap or tap | r | |||||||||
Lateral approximant |
Plain | l | lj | |||||||
Geminate | ll |
Runic alphabet
Laefêvëši uses an adaptation of the runic alphabet along with the Latin script.
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |||||||||||
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
Close | ᛁ, ᛌᛁ | ᛌᛁ | ᚣ, ᛌᚣ | ᛌᚣ | ᚥ, ᛌᚥ | ᛌᚥ | ᚢ, ᛌᚢ | ᛌᚢ | ||||||
Near-close | ᛄ, ᛌᛄ | ᛌᛄ | ᚤ, ᛌᚤ | ᛌᚤ | ||||||||||
Close-mid | ᛖ, ᛌᛖ | ᛌᛖ | ᛡ, ᛌᛡ | ᛌᛡ | ᛟ, ᛌᛟ | ᛌᛟ | ||||||||
Mid | ᛇ, ᛌᛇ | |||||||||||||
Open-mid | ᚬ, ᛌᚬ | ᛌᚬ | ᚯ, ᛌᚯ | ᛌᚯ | ᛮ, ᛌᛮ | ᛌᛮ | ᛅ, ᛌᛅ | ᛌᛅ | ||||||
Open | ᚨ, ᛌᚨ | ᛌᚨ, ᚮ |
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Alveopalatal | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | Plain | ᛗ | ᚾ | ᛜ | ᛝ | |||||
Gemiante | ᚲᛗ | ᚲᚾ | ||||||||
Plosive | Plain | ᛈ ᛒ | ᛏ ᛞ | ᚸ ᚷ | ||||||
Geminate | ᚲᛈ ᚲᛒ | ᚲᛏ ᚲᛞ | ᚲᚸ ᚲᚷ | |||||||
Aspirated | ᛈᚺ | ᛏᚺ | ᚸᚺ | |||||||
Fricative | Plain | ᚠ ᚴ | ᚦ ᛨ | ᛊ ᛉ | ᛋ ᛣ | ṡ/ṣ ż/ẓ* | ᛠ ᛯ | ᚻ ᛤ | ||
Geminate | ᚲᚠ ᚲᚴ | ᚲᚦ ᚲᛨ | ᚲᛊ ᚲᛉ | |||||||
Affricate | Plain | ᚳ ᛩ | ᛥ ᛪ | ᛕ ᛰ | ||||||
Aspirated | ᚳᚺ | ᛥᚺ | ᛕᚺ | |||||||
Approximant | ᚿ | ᛃ | ᚹ | |||||||
Trill | ᛢ | |||||||||
Flap or tap | ᚱ | |||||||||
Lateral approximant |
Plain | ᛚ | ᚭ | |||||||
Geminate | ᚲᛚ |