Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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(→‎*ê: hot stuff)
(7 bro)
Line 48: Line 48:
|-
|-
| "warm"
| "warm"
| E. eh'''a''' || NS <font color=red>áccagas || eže- || - || - || - || *iš- || - || -
| E. eh'''a''' || NS <font color=red>'''áccagas''' || eže- || - || - || - || *iš- || - || -
|-
|-
| "bee"
| "bee"
| *mehi- || - || mekš || ''*mükš'' || *mooš || meex || - || - || -
| *mehi- || - || mekš || ''*mükš'' || *mooš || meex || - || - || -
| ← II, or vice versa?
| ← II
|-
|-
| "honey"
| "honey"
Line 71: Line 71:
|-
|-
| "breath; heat"
| "breath; heat"
| *heŋki || - || - || - || U. ''džog'' || - || '''*sääŋk''' || *čeŋk; '''*saŋk*''' || -
| *heŋki || - || - || - || U. ''džog'' || - || '''*sääŋk''' || *čeŋk, '''saŋk''' || -
|-
|-
| "to must"
| "to must"
Line 90: Line 90:
| "to wash"
| "to wash"
| *pese- || *pɤsɤ- || pezo- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *pese- || *pɤsɤ- || pezo- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← IE
|-
|-
| "to stretch"
| "to stretch"
Line 129: Line 130:
|-
|-
| "to cook"
| "to cook"
| - || - || pije- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || '''*paaj-''' || - || *pi-
| - || - || pije- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || '''*pääj-''' || - || *pi-
| *pexi; cf. *pêsi !
| *pexi-; cf. *pêsa- !
|-
|-
| "matter"
| "matter"
| - || *séjɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| - || *séjɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| *sexji
| *sexji
|-
| "7"
| *sejcem || *čéčɤm || śiśem || *səm || *śiźɯm || - || - || - || -
| ← IE?
|-
|-
| "to drink"
| "to drink"
Line 177: Line 182:
|-
|-
| "soul, breath, steam"
| "soul, breath, steam"
| *lewlü || ''*lévlɤ'' || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *liil || -
| *lewlü || ''*lévlɤ'' || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *ɬiiɬ || -
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
|-
|-
Line 183: Line 188:
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || -
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ü|*ü]])
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ü|*ü]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
|-
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "alder"
| "alder"
| *leppä || *leapé || ĺepä || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *leppä || *leapé || ĺepä || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← B.
| ← B.
|-
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "corn"
| "corn"
| *jüvä || - || '''juv''' || - || U. ju ~ K. jɯki || - || - || - || -
| *jüvä || - || '''juv''' || - || U. ju ~ K. jɯki || - || - || - || -
| ← IE *jewa (Avestan ''yava'' etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
| ← IE *jewa (Avestan ''yava'' etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
|-
| "brother-in-law"
| *kütü || - || - || - || - || - || *kil || ''*küɬi ?'' || -
|-
|-
| "to dodge"
| "to dodge"
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || kerül- || *kir- || '''*käärəɣ-''' || -
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || kerül- || *kir- || '''*käärəɣ-''' || -
|-
| "to cook"
| - || *pɤsé- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || (föö-) || '''*piit-''' || '''*pääɬ-''' || -
| ObU *pEɬ
|-
|-
| "glue"
| "glue"
| *tümä || *ðɤmé || - || - || *ĺem || - || - || - || *jêmä
| *tümä || *ðɤmé || - || Me. lümö || *ĺem || - || - || - || *jêmä
|-
|-
| "heart"
| "heart"
Line 208: Line 212:
| "man"
| "man"
| *ürkä || - || - || *erɣe || - || -ër || - || - || -
| *ürkä || - || - || *erɣe || - || -ër || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *E_a
|-
| "to cook"
| - || *pɤsé- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || (föö-) || *piit- || *pääɬ- || -
| ObU *pEɬ; cf. *pexi-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | West *ê; East ??
! colspan="10" | West *ê; East ??

Revision as of 05:50, 6 November 2009

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

  • Mari *aa *ee *öö *ɤɤ = /a e ə ɤ/ in Hill Mari, /o i ü u/ in Meadow Mari
  • Permic *ö *åå *oo *ɤɤ = /e o (v)o (v)ɤ/ in Komi, /o a u ɯ/ in Udmurt
    • In Komi, /v/ appears initially

*ê

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wöör *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veti - veď *wööt U. vu ~ K. va viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE? Note Komi *oot > *a
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- U. mɯnɯ- ~ K. mun- mën- *min- *men- *mên-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüe- K. lɯj- löv- *li- - *jöw- WTF. *lêxi? *lêwi?
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *víkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɯ)- vi- *wi- *we- - *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤké - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meti - meď *müj U. mu ~ K. ma meez - - - ← II. Komi *oot > a
"2" *kakti *kókté kavta kok *kɯk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä FV *kakta
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *köör *koor keerëg *kiir *käär *kêti ObU *kEr
"to cut; knife" *vejce- - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - *-ŋć-
"breath; heat" *heŋki - - - U. džog - *sääŋk *čeŋk, saŋk -
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - U. nɯd ~ K. nud - - - - *-ŋt-
"skin" *keti *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - - Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - -
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɯ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - Cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
*e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also *äx, *e_a)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pêsa- !
"matter" - *séjɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"7" *sejcem *čéčɤm śiśem *səm *śiźɯm - - - - ← IE?
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"lichen on trees" - *jévjɤmé - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk pińe *pij ~ *pɤɤni *poon(ɯ) (fene) - - - Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
"brother" *velji *véljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čélkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
""
*E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði)
"mushroom" *seeni *čáná - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"girl" *nejtVj *néjtɤ ni - *nɯl - *nii *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lévlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *iil *iiɬ -
*ê_a & such (see also *ü, *e_a)
"alder" *leppä *leapé ĺepä - - - - - - ← B.
"corn" *jüvä - juv - U. ju ~ K. jɯki - - - - ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
"brother-in-law" *kütü - - - - - *kil *küɬi ? -
"to dodge" - *kɤrvé- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- -
"glue" *tümä *ðɤmé - Me. lümö *ĺem - - - *jêmä
"heart" *sütäm *čɤðém śedeɲ *šüm U. śulem ~ K. śɤlɤm siiv *šim *sem *sejə
"man" *ürkä - - *erɣe - -ër - - -
*E_a
"to cook" - *pɤsé- - - *pɤɤž- (föö-) *piit- *pääɬ- - ObU *pEɬ; cf. *pexi-
West *ê; East ??
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - U. śij ~ K. śoj ëv- *tää- *ɬii- - Sibilant mismatch
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *möö- *mékɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasé pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"thumb" *peukalo *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ô_i
"3" *kolme *kolmɤ kolmo *kɤɤm U. kwiń ~ K. kujim haarom *kuurəm *kooləm -
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *ju joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- *k(w)ååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *kosja "Ko. S" kočék - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jouci *jóksɤ joŋks *jaaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi póŋɤ Er. poŋgo ~ Mk. pov Hi. poŋgəš ~ Me. poməš *pi - *puut *poɣəl -
"snot" *nolki *snólkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lɤɤp K. lap - - - -
"stick" *ponti - ponda *paanðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohti- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *tinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lonté - *lɤɤðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajé *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsé oža sokš F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńol *ńal -
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤro- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä-
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤco- - - *vušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsé jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - -
"green, yellow, poison, hate" *viha, *viherä - ožo *ɤɤžar *vöž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjé- šova- *šɤɤme- - - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðüš - - - - -
"to pluck" *kitko- *kɤské- kočko- - - - - - -
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *sika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
""


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