Sounds of Old Adpihi: Difference between revisions

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=====Proto-Adpihi's Consonants=====
==Proto-Adpihi's Consonants==


Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
Line 21: Line 21:
| Approximant || [[Bilabial approximant|β̞]] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Palatal approximant|j]] ||  ||  ||  
| Approximant || [[Bilabial approximant|β̞]] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Palatal approximant|j]] ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
| Lateral approximant || || ||  || [[Lateral alveolar approximant|l]] ||  ||  ||  ||  
| Lateral approximant || || ||  || [[Alveolar lateral approximant|l]] ||  ||  ||  ||  
|}
|}


Line 44: Line 44:
[[Aspirated voiceless velar stop|kʰ]]  
[[Aspirated voiceless velar stop|kʰ]]  
[[Aspirated voiceless bilabial stop|pʰ]]  
[[Aspirated voiceless bilabial stop|pʰ]]  
[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t̠͡ʃ]]  
[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t̠ʃ]]  
[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̠͡ʒ]]  
[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̠ʒ]]


'''Vowels'''
==Old Adpihi's Consonants==
 
All of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
 
'''Pulmonic Consonants'''
{|
{|
| || Front || || Central || || Back
| || Bilabial || Labiodental || Dental || Alveolar || Postalveolar || Retroflex || Palatal || Velar || Uvular || Pharyngeal || Glottal
|-
|-
| Close || i · y || || ɨ · ʉ || || ɯ · u
| Plosive || [[Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] [[Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || || [[Voiceless dental stop|t̪]] [[Voiced dental stop|d̪]] || [[Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] [[Voiced alveolar stop|d]] ||  ||  || [[Voiceless palatal stop|c]]  || [[Voiceless velar stop|k]] [[Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] ||  || || [[Glottal stop|ʔ]]
|-
|-
| || || ɪ · ʏ || || ʊ
| Nasal || [[Bilabial nasal|m]] || || [[Dental nasal|n̪]] || [[Alveolar nasal|n]] ||  ||  || [[Palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Velar nasal|ŋ]] ||  
|-
|-
| Close-mid || e · ø || || ɘ · ɵ || || ɤ · o
| Trill || || || || [[Alveolar trill|r]] ||  || || ||  
|-
|-
| || || || ə
| Tap or Flap || || || ||  ||  || [[Retroflex flap|ɽ]]
|-
|-
| Open-mid || ɛ · œ || || ɜ · ɞ || || ʌ · ɔ
| Fricative ||   || [[Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] [[Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]  || [[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] [[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]  ||  ||  || [[Voiceless velar fricative|x]]  ||  ||  || [[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
|-
| || æ || || ɐ
| Lateral fricative || || || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
|-
| Open || a · ɶ || || || || ɑ · ɒ
| Approximant || [[Bilabial approximant|β̞]] || || ||  ||  ||  || [[Palatal approximant|j]] ||  ||  ||
|-
| Lateral approximant || || ||  || [[Alveolar lateral approximant|l]] ||  ||  ||  ||  
|}
|}


'''Other Symbols'''
Old and Middle Adpihi had no ejective consonants.
{|
| [[Voiceless labial-velar fricative|ʍ]] Voiceless labial-velar fricative
|-
| [[Labial-velar approximant|w]] Voiced labial-velar approximant
|-
| [[Labial-palatal approximant|ɥ]] Voiced labial-palatal approximant
|-
| [[Voiceless epiglottal fricative|ʜ]] Voiceless epiglottal fricative
|-
| [[Voiced epiglottal fricative|ʢ]] Voiced epiglottal fricative
|-
| [[Epiglottal stop|ʔ]] Epiglottal plosive
|-
| [[Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] [[Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]] Alveolo-palatal fricatives
|-
| [[Lateral alveolar flap|ɺ]] Lateral alveolar flap
|-
| [[Voiceless postalveolar-velar fricative|ɧ]] Simultaneous [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] and [[Voiceless velar fricative|x]].
|-
| Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.


[[Voiceless labial-velar stop|k͡p]] [[Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
Old and Middle Adpihi had no aspirated consonants, nor any affricates.
|}


'''Suprasegmentals'''
==Old Adpihi's Vowels==
{|
| ˈ || Primary stress || ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən
|-
| ˌ || Secondary stress
|-
| ː || Long || eː
|-
| ˑ || Half-long || eˑ
|-
| ˘ || Extra short || ĕ
|-
| . || Syllable break || ɹi.ækt
|-
| || Minor (foot) group
|-
| || Major (intonation) group
|-
| ‿ || Linking (absence of a break)
|}


'''Tones & Word Accents'''
{|
! Level !! Contour
|-
| e̋ or ˥
|-
| é    ˦
|-
| ē    ˧
|-
| è    ˨
|-
| ȅ    ˩
|}


'''Diacritics'''
'''Vowels'''
{|
{|
| ̥ || Voiceless [[Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]] [[Voiceless alveolar stop|d̥]] || ̤ || Breathy voiced [[Breathy voiced bilabial stop|b̤]] [[Breathy voiced open front vowel|a̤]] ||  ̪ || Dental [[Voiceless dental stop|t̪]] [[Voiced dental stop|d̪]]
| || Front || || Central || || Back
|-
|-
| ̬ || Voiced [[Voiced alveolar fricative|s̬]] [[Voiced alveolar stop|t̬]] ||  ̰ || Creaky voiced [[Creaky voiced bilabial stop|b̰]] [[Creaky voiced open front vowel|a̰]] ||  ̺ || Apical [[Voiceless apical alveolar stop|t̺]] [[Voiced apical alveolar stop|d̺]]
| Close || i  || ||  || ||  u
|-
|-
| ʰ || Aspirated [[Voiceless aspirated alveolar stop|tʰ]] [[Voiced aspirated alveolar stop|dʰ]] ||  ̼ || Linguolabial [[Voiceless linguolabial stop|t̼]] [[Voiced linguolabial stop|d̼]] ||  ̻ || Laminal [[Voiceless laminal alveolar stop|t̻]] [[Voiced laminal alveolar stop|d̻]]
| || ||  || ||  
|-
|-
| ˒ || More rounded ɔ̜ || ʷ || Labialized [[Voiceless labialized alveolar stop|tʷ]] [[Voiced labialized alveolar stop|dʷ]] || ~ || Nasalized [[Nasalized close-mid front vowel|ẽ]]
| Close-mid || || || || ||  
|-
|-
| ˓ || Less rounded ɔ̹ || ʲ || Palatalized [[Voiceless palatalized alveolar stop|tʲ]] [[Voiced palatalized alveolar stop|dʲ]]
| || ɛ̝ || || || ||  ɔ̝ 
|-
|-
| ˖ || Advanced [[Close back-central rounded vowel|u̟]] || ˠ || Velarized [[Voiceless velarized alveolar stop|tˠ]] [[Voiced velarized alveolar stop||dˠ]] || ˡ || Lateral release [[Voiced lateral alveolar stop|dˡ]]
| Open-mid || || || || ||  
|-
|-
| ˗ || Retracted [[Close front-central vowel|i̠]] || ˤ || Pharyngealized [[Voiceless pharyngealized alveolar stop|tˤ]] [[Voiced pharyngealized alveolar stop|dˤ]] ||  ̚ || No audible release [[Unreleased voiced alveolar stop|d̚]]
| || || ||  
|-
|-
| ¨ || Centralized ë ||  ̴ || Velarized or pharyngealized [[ɫ]]
| Open ||  || || ɐ̞ || ||  
|-
| ̽ || Mid-centralized e̽ || ˔ || Raised e̝ ([[Voiced alveolar fricative|ɹ̝]] = Voiced alveolar fricative)
|}
|}
[[Category:Phonetic alphabets]]

Latest revision as of 13:54, 7 August 2009

Proto-Adpihi's Consonants

Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.

Pulmonic Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d c k ɡ ʔ
Nasal m n̪ n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Tap or Flap ɽ
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x h
Lateral fricative
Approximant β̞ j
Lateral approximant l

Proto-Adpihi apparently had one ejective consonant.

Non-pulmonic Consonants

Clicks Voiced Implosives Ejectives
kʼ Velar

Also there were, apparently; kʰ pʰ t̠ʃ d̠ʒ

Old Adpihi's Consonants

All of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.

Pulmonic Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d c k ɡ ʔ
Nasal m n̪ n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Tap or Flap ɽ
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ x h
Lateral fricative
Approximant β̞ j
Lateral approximant l

Old and Middle Adpihi had no ejective consonants.

Old and Middle Adpihi had no aspirated consonants, nor any affricates.

Old Adpihi's Vowels

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid
ɛ̝ ɔ̝
Open-mid
Open ɐ̞
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