Battlax: Difference between revisions

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(→‎Branch 1: final inv.)
(→‎Branch 3: starting to click in place)
 
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I have been compelled to create yet another phonology sketch. Well, more like a family of four. They're like snacks, only the come out of you rather than going into you.
I have been compelled to create yet another phonology sketch. Well, more like a family of four. They're like snacks, only the come out of you rather than going into you.


===Proto-form===
==Proto-form==


{|
{|
Line 20: Line 20:
Not quite decided what the labial obstruent should be phonetically. Doesn't really matter anyway.
Not quite decided what the labial obstruent should be phonetically. Doesn't really matter anyway.


===Branch 1===
==Branch 1==
The conservativ one.
The conservativ one.


Line 36: Line 36:
** Voiceless → voiced
** Voiceless → voiced
* l → r
* l → r
* Make vricativs


'''Result'''
{|
{|
| || t || ʧ || k
| || t || ʧ || k
Line 44: Line 46:
| f || s || ʃ || x
| f || s || ʃ || x
|-
|-
| v || s || ʒ ||
| v || z || ʒ ||
|-
|-
| m || n || ɲ ||
| m || n || ɲ ||
Line 51: Line 53:
|}
|}


===Branch 2===
==Branch 2==
More mixing going on in here.
 
More mixing going on in here. Most numerous branch.
 
===First developments===


'''Proto-stage'''
'''Proto-stage'''
Line 60: Line 65:
*** s → f
*** s → f
*** w → v
*** w → v
** Sibilants: postalveolar > alveolar
** Sibilant fronting: ʧ<sup>(</sup>ʰ<sup>)</sup> ʤ ʃ → ts dz s
*** also ʧʰ → ts (unaspirated)
 
===2a===


'''Until classical stage'''
'''Old stage'''
* 1st spirantization
* 1st spirantization
** v d ɡ → b~β d~ð ɡ~ɣ (B D G)
** v d ɡ → b~β d~ð ɡ~ɣ (B D G)
*** spirant allophones intervocalic
*** spirant allophones intervocalic
*** additionally: j h → D G or zero
** dz → z in most positions, incl. initial
* POA shift the 2nd
** additionally: j h → D G or zero
** Conditional labialization of velars
* Conditional labialization of velars
* ts → θ
* ts dz → θ ð
* z → r
* z → r
* ɣ ɣʷ → j w
* ɣ ɣʷ → j w


(So where am I going to put a Classical Language on Earth'? Don't feel like doing India, and this doesn't match the Central Asia Sprachbund. Maybe Middle East, this could be Classical Egyptian… There's something in the complex spirant system resembling Ouiqál, so this might indeed fit in the East Mediterranean Sprachbund even if it doesn't have voiceless nasals. That would however mean having to relocate the EMSB relativs of Dork Elvish, maybe to eastern Anatolia. Or am I overdoing the separation? If Tsonboran dies around -4ka at latest, there ought to be plenty of room for this in Persia, too.)
Doesn't match the Central Asia Sprachbund. Maybe Middle East… There's something in the complex spirant system resembling Ouiqál, so this might indeed fit in the East Mediterranean Sprachbund even if the primary form doesn't have voiceless nasals. That would however mean having to relocate the EMSB relativs of Dork Elvish, maybe to eastern Anatolia. Or am I overdoing the separation? If Tsonboran dies around -4ka at latest, there ought to be plenty of room for this in Persia, too. Also, this is around -2.5ka while Dork Elvish is -1.5ka.
 
Alternately, the final inventories here match [[East-A Altaic']] so NW India is also up for consideration. If I put this in there, where does Klusterax go, tho??


'''Post-classical stage'''
'''Middle stage'''
* Fricativ voicing messes up & phonemicizes the B D G allophony
* Fricativ voicing messes up & phonemicizes the B D G allophony
** Check history of English for details?
** Check history of English for details?
Line 85: Line 93:


'''Until modern stage'''
'''Until modern stage'''
* POA shift the 3rd
* Labialization contrast of velars shifted to palatalization contrast
** Labialization contrast of velars shifted to palatalization contrast
** …after which the palatal ones decay to postalveolar affricates
*** …after which the palatal ones decay to postalveolar affricates
** CF Ethiopian'?
*** CF Ethiopian'!
** Contemporary vowels should count too; perhaps via chains like kʷu → ku → ky → ci → ʧi
*** Contemporary vowels should count too; perhaps via chains like kʷu → ku → ky → ci → ʧi
* Also in the same palatalization hullabaloo: s z → ʃ ʒ
** Also in the same palatalization hullabaloo: s z → ʃ ʒ
* Kill interdentals
* Kill interdentals
** θ → s
** θ → s
Line 96: Line 103:
* Remaining ɣ → ɦ
* Remaining ɣ → ɦ


===Branch 3===
'''Result'''
Batfuck.
{|
| || t || ʧ || k
|-
| b || d || ʤ || ɡ
|-
| f || s || ʃ || x
|-
| v || z || ʒ || ɦ
|-
| m || n || ||
|-
| w || l, r || j ||
|}
 
===2b===
'''Old stage'''
* h → ∅
* x → h
* Similar labialization of velars as 2a
* …


'''Proto-stage'''
'''Later'''
* 2nd spirantization hits this too
* Labiovelars → labials
* Whence /r/?
 
==Branch 3==
Batfuck. This needs to settle in an illabial Sprachbund. Indus Valley? Near [[Sahax]]?
 
'''Proto-stage part 1'''
* P → f
* P → f
* x > h (initial)
* x → h / #_
* ɲ → ŋ (coda), n (initial), nj (medial)
* Coda nasals:
** m → ũ
** n → ː~ / _S
** ɲ → ĩ
** [ŋ] → ũ / _x (if this occurs?)
** with difthong collapse later
* ɲ → n (initial), jn (medial)
* kʰ → kx
* kʰ → kx
* ɡ → ɽ (I'm pretty sure I need to think up a good explanation for this, just flapping won't cut it)
* ɡ → ɣ
* Stop phonation shift the 1st
* Stop phonation shift the 1st
** voiceless → ejectiv
** voiceless → mild ejectiv (CF Klusterax B?)
 
'''Proto-stage part 2'''
* Schirantism: (k)x ɣ → (t)ʂ ʐ
** may hint at a [[West Altaic']] substrate
* l → ɾ intervocally and before semivowels
* Stop phonation shift the 2nd
** Aspiration lost medially
** d ʤ → d̥ ʤ̥ / #_ (possibly also in some medial positions)
** so we have initially glottalic <> aspirate <> lenis; medially glottalic <> tenuis <> voiced; no contrasts are lost here
* Dental weakening
** ld lt → lː → l
** tʰ tʼ → h ʔ / #_
* V~ → Vŋ / _#
 
The point here is to get a single phonological [+POSTERIOR] series, consisting of a velar ejectiv, retroflexen (fleces? :b), and [[heng]]. This was inspired by an attempt to reconcile the classic "implausibly random consonant inventory"
/ǀ kʼ ts ɖ  ɬ m r/
with as few changes as possible - start with
:ǀ ɬ m r → tsʼ s n ɽ
then make voicing allophonic, yielding <br>
<tt>/ tsʼ kʼ/<br/>
/ ts  ʈ /<br/>
/ &nbsp;s &nbsp; /<br/>
/ n &nbsp;ɽ /<br/></tt>
where the +POSTERIOR series is clear. If you fill in missing common consonants /t m w j l/, add aspiration & palatalize the affricates, it starts looking like the intermediate inventory here in some respects:
{|
|-
| || tʼ ~ ʔ || tʃʼ || kʼ
|-
| || t<sup>(</sup>ʰ<sup>)</sup> || tʃ<sup>(</sup>ʰ<sup>)</sup> || tʂ<sup>(</sup>ʰ<sup>)</sup>
|-
| || d || dʒ || ʐ
|-
| f || s || ʃ || ʂ
|-
| m || n || || ŋ ~ h
|-
| w || l &nbsp; ɾ || j ||
|}
 
'''Proto-stage part 3''' ('Till 'bout -1.5Ka. Attested yet? Prolly not)
 
* hiatus
** j → ʔ / {i e}_V
** w → ʔ / {u o}_V
* Sibilant → (lenis) affricate / CONDITION
** further dz → d (perhaps via [θ])
** (actually is this still shared at all?)
 
'''Branch 3a'''
* ʐ → ɻ
* (t)ʂ ɻ → (t)s ɹ
* ejecticity <> aspiration ceases to be contrastiv
** tʼ tʰ lenited, ʧʰ  originally rare, kʰ routed previously → no biggie
making
 
'''Daughter 1''' (Attested since ca. -700a)
* w → b
* ɾ → d
* ʧ ʤ → ts dz → s z
* fricativ collapse: f → h (at least…)
(…)
making
{|
|-
| m || n || ||
|-
| b || d || ||
|-
| || t || &nbsp; k || ʔ
|-
| || s || ʃ &nbsp; || h
|-
| || z || ||
|-
| || l ɹ || j &nbsp; ||
|}
Vowels /i e a u/ (iu eu au ai ia ea …?), /b h a/ common, tones
 
'''Branch 3b'''
* Further initial devoicing:
** m n → m̥ n̥ → p t (latter merging with the reflex of initial *d); or → f h?
** ʐ → ʂ
* medial voiced stops lost
* stuff with *w?
* retroflex/postalveolar sibilants merge
* labialization of /ʃ j k ŋ/


'''Middle stage'''
* x → ʂ
** kʂ → tʂ
** elsewhere ʂ → ʃ
* tʼ → ʔ


'''Until modern stage'''
I like how we get contemporary /r/ out of three completely different original consonants - /l ʤ ɡ/ ;)
* tʂ → ts
* ejecticity ceases to be contrastiv
** ʧ only, since we've routed tʼ and kʰ…
* ɽ → r


I like how we get /r/ in the final stage out of three completely different original consonants - /l ʤ ɡ/ ;) Well, in general principle anyway. Smaller changes should ensure that SOME /l/'s and /z/'s rhotacize in every branch anyway...
[[Category:Earth']]

Latest revision as of 01:17, 6 August 2009

I have been compelled to create yet another phonology sketch. Well, more like a family of four. They're like snacks, only the come out of you rather than going into you.

Proto-form

P tʰ ʧʰ kʰ
t ʧ k
d ʤ ɡ
s ʃ x
m n ɲ
w l j

Not quite decided what the labial obstruent should be phonetically. Doesn't really matter anyway.

Branch 1

The conservativ one.

Proto-stage

  • P → p, conditionally pʰ
  • Stop phonation shift the 1st
    • Voiced → aspirated

Insert non-inventory-disrupting changes here.

Until modern stage

  • Stop phonation shift the 2nd
    • Aspirated → voiceless
      • except pʰ → f
    • Voiceless → voiced
  • l → r
  • Make vricativs

Result

t ʧ k
b d ʤ ɡ
f s ʃ x
v z ʒ
m n ɲ
w r j

Branch 2

More mixing going on in here. Most numerous branch.

First developments

Proto-stage

  • P → ɸ → h
  • POA shift the 1st
    • Labiodentogenesis (dentalogenesis? dentigenesis?)
      • s → f
      • w → v
    • Sibilant fronting: ʧ(ʰ) ʤ ʃ → ts dz s

2a

Old stage

  • 1st spirantization
    • v d ɡ → b~β d~ð ɡ~ɣ (B D G)
      • spirant allophones intervocalic
    • dz → z in most positions, incl. initial
    • additionally: j h → D G or zero
  • Conditional labialization of velars
  • ts dz → θ ð
  • z → r
  • ɣ ɣʷ → j w

Doesn't match the Central Asia Sprachbund. Maybe Middle East… There's something in the complex spirant system resembling Ouiqál, so this might indeed fit in the East Mediterranean Sprachbund even if the primary form doesn't have voiceless nasals. That would however mean having to relocate the EMSB relativs of Dork Elvish, maybe to eastern Anatolia. Or am I overdoing the separation? If Tsonboran dies around -4ka at latest, there ought to be plenty of room for this in Persia, too. Also, this is around -2.5ka while Dork Elvish is -1.5ka.

Alternately, the final inventories here match East-A Altaic' so NW India is also up for consideration. If I put this in there, where does Klusterax go, tho??

Middle stage

  • Fricativ voicing messes up & phonemicizes the B D G allophony
    • Check history of English for details?
  • 2nd spirantization
    • Aspirate stop → spirant
    • Messes up the previous even better… & we probly get some fairly tasty orthographical arcaisms in the process
  • ɲ → j (restoring it as an initial)

Until modern stage

  • Labialization contrast of velars shifted to palatalization contrast
    • …after which the palatal ones decay to postalveolar affricates
    • CF Ethiopian'?
    • Contemporary vowels should count too; perhaps via chains like kʷu → ku → ky → ci → ʧi
  • Also in the same palatalization hullabaloo: s z → ʃ ʒ
  • Kill interdentals
    • θ → s
    • ð → n, r?
  • Remaining ɣ → ɦ

Result

t ʧ k
b d ʤ ɡ
f s ʃ x
v z ʒ ɦ
m n
w l, r j

2b

Old stage

  • h → ∅
  • x → h
  • Similar labialization of velars as 2a
  • …

Later

  • 2nd spirantization hits this too
  • Labiovelars → labials
  • Whence /r/?

Branch 3

Batfuck. This needs to settle in an illabial Sprachbund. Indus Valley? Near Sahax?

Proto-stage part 1

  • P → f
  • x → h / #_
  • Coda nasals:
    • m → ũ
    • n → ː~ / _S
    • ɲ → ĩ
    • [ŋ] → ũ / _x (if this occurs?)
    • with difthong collapse later
  • ɲ → n (initial), jn (medial)
  • kʰ → kx
  • ɡ → ɣ
  • Stop phonation shift the 1st
    • voiceless → mild ejectiv (CF Klusterax B?)

Proto-stage part 2

  • Schirantism: (k)x ɣ → (t)ʂ ʐ
  • l → ɾ intervocally and before semivowels
  • Stop phonation shift the 2nd
    • Aspiration lost medially
    • d ʤ → d̥ ʤ̥ / #_ (possibly also in some medial positions)
    • so we have initially glottalic <> aspirate <> lenis; medially glottalic <> tenuis <> voiced; no contrasts are lost here
  • Dental weakening
    • ld lt → lː → l
    • tʰ tʼ → h ʔ / #_
  • V~ → Vŋ / _#

The point here is to get a single phonological [+POSTERIOR] series, consisting of a velar ejectiv, retroflexen (fleces? :b), and heng. This was inspired by an attempt to reconcile the classic "implausibly random consonant inventory" /ǀ kʼ ts ɖ ɬ m r/ with as few changes as possible - start with

ǀ ɬ m r → tsʼ s n ɽ

then make voicing allophonic, yielding
/ tsʼ kʼ/
/ ts ʈ /
/  s   /
/ n  ɽ /
 where the +POSTERIOR series is clear. If you fill in missing common consonants /t m w j l/, add aspiration & palatalize the affricates, it starts looking like the intermediate inventory here in some respects:

tʼ ~ ʔ tʃʼ kʼ
t(ʰ) tʃ(ʰ) tʂ(ʰ)
d dʒ ʐ
f s ʃ ʂ
m n ŋ ~ h
w l   ɾ j

Proto-stage part 3 ('Till 'bout -1.5Ka. Attested yet? Prolly not)

  • hiatus
    • j → ʔ / {i e}_V
    • w → ʔ / {u o}_V
  • Sibilant → (lenis) affricate / CONDITION
    • further dz → d (perhaps via [θ])
    • (actually is this still shared at all?)

Branch 3a

  • ʐ → ɻ
  • (t)ʂ ɻ → (t)s ɹ
  • ejecticity <> aspiration ceases to be contrastiv
    • tʼ tʰ lenited, ʧʰ originally rare, kʰ routed previously → no biggie

making

Daughter 1 (Attested since ca. -700a)

  • w → b
  • ɾ → d
  • ʧ ʤ → ts dz → s z
  • fricativ collapse: f → h (at least…)

(…) making

m n
b d
t   k ʔ
s ʃ   h
z
l ɹ  j   

Vowels /i e a u/ (iu eu au ai ia ea …?), /b h a/ common, tones

Branch 3b

  • Further initial devoicing:
    • m n → m̥ n̥ → p t (latter merging with the reflex of initial *d); or → f h?
    • ʐ → ʂ
  • medial voiced stops lost
  • stuff with *w?
  • retroflex/postalveolar sibilants merge
  • labialization of /ʃ j k ŋ/


I like how we get contemporary /r/ out of three completely different original consonants - /l ʤ ɡ/ ;)

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