Proto-Uralic/CC: Difference between revisions

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See also: [[Proto-Uralic/Nt|Nasal+t]]
See also: [[Proto-Uralic/Nt|Nasal+t]]
<font color="red">Red</font> is limited to medial cluster irregularities.


{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
Line 16: Line 18:
|-
|-
| "coarse"
| "coarse"
| *karke- || '''*kárkké''' || || - || *gɯr- || - || - || - || -
| *karke- || style="color:red"| '''*kárkké''' || || - || *gɯr- || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "crane"
| "crane"
| *kurki || *kórkɤ || karga || - || - || - || - || - || *kərö
| *kurki || *kórkɤ || karga || - || - || - || - || - || *kərö
| *a/*u
| *a/*u
|-
| "man"
| *ürkä || - || - || *erɣe || - || -ër || - || - || -
|-
| "squirt"
| *kirki || *kɤrkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || *köörəɣ || -
|-
| "insides"
| - || - || - || *körɣə || *gɯrɯk || - || *kiwər || - || -
|-
| "worm"
| - || - || - || - || K. perk || feerëg || *päärk || - || -
|-
| "a conifer"
| - || - || - || Hi. tɤrke || - || - || *tärəɣ || *teeɣər || -
|-
|-
| "twig"
| "twig"
Line 27: Line 44:
| "branch"
| "branch"
| *sarka || *sórké || || - || - || - || - || - || *tårkå
| *sarka || *sórké || || - || - || - || - || - || *tårkå
|-
| "poison"
| *mürkkü || - || - || - || - || meerëg || - || - || -
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *r(k) ?
! colspan="10"| *r(k) ?
Line 32: Line 52:
| "crane"
| "crane"
| - || - || - || - || *turi || - || *tɯɯrəɣ || *taarəɣ || -
| - || - || - || - || *turi || - || *tɯɯrəɣ || *taarəɣ || -
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *kr ?
|-
| "swede"
| *nakris || - || - || - || - || - || *nɯɯr || *naaɣər || -
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *lk
! colspan="10"| *lk
|-
|-
| "foot"
| "foot"
| *jalka || *jólké || || *jaal || - || ɟalog || - || - || -
| *jalka || *jólké || jalga || *jaal || - || ɟalog || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to leave"
| "to leave"
Line 47: Line 62:
|-
|-
| "pole"
| "pole"
| *salko || *čólkój || || - || K. dźal || saal || *sɯɯɣlaa || *saaɣəl || -
| *salko || *čólkój || śalga || - || K. dźal || saal || *sɯɯɣlaa || *saaɣəl || -
| ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
| ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
|-
| "snot"
| *nolki || *snólkɤ || '''nolga''' || - || - || ńaal || - || - || -
|-
| "buckle"
| *solki || '''*čulkó''' || śulgama || style="color:red"| *šɤlkama || *śul || - || - || - || -
| Cf. "to close"
|-
| "shoulder"
| *olka || *oalké || - || - || K. vol- || vaall || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "straight"
| "straight"
Line 60: Line 85:
|-
|-
| "net"
| "net"
| - || - || - || - || K. tɯl || - || *tåləɣ || *toɣəl || -
| - || - || - || - || K. tɯl || - || style="color:red"| *tåləɣ || *toɣəl || -
| metathesis from *kult- ?
|-
|-
| "pole"
| "pole"
| *ulku || style="color:red"| *holkɤ || olga || - || - || - || *aawla || *oɣəl || *uj
| *ulku || ''*holkɤ'' || olga || - || - || - || *aawla || *oɣəl || *uj
|-
|-
| "outside"
| "outside"
| *ulko || *olkó || - || - || K. ɯlɤ || - || - || - || -
| *ulko || *olkó || - || - || K. ɯlɤ || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to moov"
| *kulke- || *kolkɤ- || koĺge- || - || K. kɯlal- || halad- || - || #kååɣəl- || *kulə-
|-
|-
| "to skin"
| "to skin"
Line 74: Line 103:
| - || *kɤlkɤ- || keĺge- || kü/eleš || *kool- || kell- || - || - || -
| - || *kɤlkɤ- || keĺge- || kü/eleš || *kool- || kell- || - || - || -
| ← IE
| ← IE
|-
| "spit"
| *nolki || *snólkɤ || nolgo || - || - || ńaal || - || - || -
|-
| "buckle"
| *solki || '''*čulkó''' || śulgama || style="color:red"| *šɤlkama || *śul || - || - || - || -
| Cf. "to close"
|-
|-
| "to tread"
| "to tread"
| *polke- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *pooɣəl- || *pulə-
| *polke- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *pooɣəl- || *pulə-
|-
|-
| "shoulder"
| "back"
| *olka || *oalké || - || - || K. vol- || vaall || - || - || -
| *selkä || '''*sélké''' || - || *šəələ || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to moov"
| *kulke- || *kolkɤ- || koĺge- || - || K. kɯlal- || halad- || - || #kååɣəl- || *kule-
|-
|-
| "fir"
| "fir"
| - || - || - || *ńulko || K. nɯl || - || *ńul || *ńalkə || *ńulkå
| - || - || - || style="color:red"| *ńulko || K. nɯl || - || style="color:red"| *ńul || style="color:red"| *ńalkə || style="color:red"| *ńulkå
|-
|-
| "feather"
| "feather"
| style="color:red"| *sulka || *tolkɤ || tolga || - || *tɯl || toll || *tuwəl || *toɣəl || *tuə
| ''*sulka'' || *tolkɤ || tolga || - || *tɯl || toll || *tuwəl || *toɣəl || *tuə
|-
|-
| "to bathe"
| "to bathe"
| - || - || - || - || *pɯlaśk- || fürö- ? || *püɣl- || *pööɣəl- || -
| - || - || - || - || *pɯlaśk- || style="color:red"| fürö- ? || *püɣl- || *pööɣəl- || -
|-
|-
| "to fly"
| "to fly"
| - || - || - || - || K. šɯlgɯ- || - || *täɣl- || *ɬeɣəl- || -
| - || - || - || - || style="color:red"| K. šɯlgɯ- || - || *täɣl- || *ɬeɣəl- || -
|-
|-
| "elm"
| "elm"
Line 114: Line 133:
|-
|-
| "to glitter"
| "to glitter"
| NW *čilketta- || - || style="color:red"| '''ćiĺdor''' || style="color:red"| *ćɤɤlɣəža- || U. ćilal- ~ K. dźuljal- || čillog- || style="color:red"| *śülɣ- || style="color:red"| *śul- || -
| NW *čilketta- || - || style="color:red"| '''ćiĺdor''' || ''*ćɤɤlɣəža-'' || U. ćilal- ~ K. dźuljal- || čillog- || style="color:red"| *śülɣ- || style="color:red"| *śul- || -
| Too irregular. Phonaesthetic?
| Too irregular. Phonaesthetic?
|-
|-
| "bare"
| "bare"
| *pelkkä || - || - || *pelke || K. peĺk || - || - || - || -
| *pelkkä || - || - || *pelke || K. peĺk || - || - || - || -
|-
| *lkk
| "back"
| *selkä || '''*sélké''' || - || *šəələ || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "thumb"
| "thumb"
Line 128: Line 145:
|-
|-
| "foot"
| "foot"
| - || - || piĺgä || - || - || - || - || *päälkənt || -
| - || - || piĺgä || - || - || - || - || style="color:red"| *päälkənt || -
| Ms. rather *pää-l + *kont ?
| Ms. rather *pää-l + *kont ?
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *kl ?
! colspan="10"| *ĺk
|-
|-
| "wart"
| "shine"
| *süklä || *čivlé || śiĺge || *šəɣəĺe || - || süĺ || - || - || -
| F. valkea || '''*vélké''' || || *waalɣə || style="color:red"| *'''vaaĺk''' || ('''vilaag''') || style="color:red"| '''waĺk''' || style="color:red"| '''waĺ-''' || -
| Vocals irregular.
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *ĺk
! colspan="10"| *kL ?
|-
| "swede"
| *nakris || - || - || - || - || - || *nɯɯr || *naaɣər || -
| *kr
|-
|-
| "shine"
| "wart"
| F. valkea || '''*vélké''' || || *waalɣə || *vaaĺk || ('''vilaag''') || waĺk || waĺ- || -
| *süklä || '''*čivlé''' || '''śiĺge''' || *šəɣəĺe || - || süĺ || - || - || -
| *kl
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *ðk
! colspan="10"| *ðk
|-
| "duck"
| *sotka || *čoaðké || śulgo || *šooe || *śul || - || ''*sɯɯĺ'' || ''*saaj'' || -
|-
| "tip, bud"
| *tutka- || style="color:red"| '''tuθku-''' || - || - || U. tuĺɯm || tööɟ || *taĺək || *tääj || -
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
|- style="background:#C0C0FF"
! colspan="10"| *ðʲk
! colspan="10"| *ðʲk /
|-
|-
| "spit"
| "spit"
Line 151: Line 180:
|-
|-
| "middle"
| "middle"
| *keski || *kɤskɤ || - || - || *koos || - || - || - || -
| *keski || *kɤskɤ || keska || - || *koos || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "sembra"
| "sembra"
| - || - || - || *sus || - || '''*tɯɯt''' || *ɬɯɯɣəɬ || *tɯtə(k)
| - || - || - || - || *sus || - || '''*tɯɯt''' || *ɬɯɯɣəɬ || *tɯtə(k)
|-
|-
| "rump"
| "rump"

Latest revision as of 04:00, 31 July 2009

See also: Nasal+t

Red is limited to medial cluster irregularities.

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordvinic Mari Permic Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic Comments
*k + coronal
*rk
"cartilage" - *ńórkés *nörɣə - ńiir *ńɯɯrəɣ *ńaarəɣ *ńɤr No *-rɣ- metathesis in ObU?
"coarse" *karke- *kárkké - *gɯr- - - - -
"crane" *kurki *kórkɤ karga - - - - - *kərö *a/*u
"man" *ürkä - - *erɣe - -ër - - -
"squirt" *kirki *kɤrkɤ - - - - - *köörəɣ -
"insides" - - - *körɣə *gɯrɯk - *kiwər - -
"worm" - - - - K. perk feerëg *päärk - -
"a conifer" - - - Hi. tɤrke - - *tärəɣ *teeɣər -
"twig" - *tórkɤ - Me. tor - - - *tuuɣər -
"branch" *sarka *sórké - - - - - *tårkå
"poison" *mürkkü - - - - meerëg - - -
*r(k) ?
"crane" - - - - *turi - *tɯɯrəɣ *taarəɣ -
*lk
"foot" *jalka *jólké jalga *jaal - ɟalog - - -
"to leave" *valka- *vólké- valgo- *waale- - vaal- *wɯɯɣəl *wɯɯɣəl -
"pole" *salko *čólkój śalga - K. dźal saal *sɯɯɣlaa *saaɣəl - ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
"snot" *nolki *snólkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - -
"buckle" *solki *čulkó śulgama *šɤlkama *śul - - - - Cf. "to close"
"shoulder" *olka *oalké - - K. vol- vaall - - -
"straight" - *ńólkɤ- - - - ńilv - - -
"limb" - - - - - loll *lɯɯɣəl *laaɣəl -
"ax" - - - - - salu *saɣlə *suuɣəl -
"net" - - - - K. tɯl - *tåləɣ *toɣəl - metathesis from *kult- ?
"pole" *ulku *holkɤ olga - - - *aawla *oɣəl *uj
"outside" *ulko *olkó - - K. ɯlɤ - - - -
"to moov" *kulke- *kolkɤ- koĺge- - K. kɯlal- halad- - #kååɣəl- *kulə-
"to skin" *nülke- *ńɤlkɤ- ńeĺge- - - - - *ńeɣləm- -
"to have to" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- kü/eleš *kool- kell- - - - ← IE
"to tread" *polke- - - - - - - *pooɣəl- *pulə-
"back" *selkä *sélké - *šəələ - - - - -
"fir" - - - *ńulko K. nɯl - *ńul *ńalkə *ńulkå
"feather" *sulka *tolkɤ tolga - *tɯl toll *tuwəl *toɣəl *tuə
"to bathe" - - - - *pɯlaśk- fürö- ? *püɣl- *pööɣəl- -
"to fly" - - - - K. šɯlgɯ- - *täɣl- *ɬeɣəl- -
"elm" - - - *nolɣə U. ńulo - - - -
"trace" *jälki - - - - jel - *jääɣəl *je Smy. "foot"
"breast" *mälvi ? *mélkɤ *mäĺke *mel U. mɤl *mell *määɣəl *mööɣəl -
"to glitter" NW *čilketta- - ćiĺdor *ćɤɤlɣəža- U. ćilal- ~ K. dźuljal- čillog- *śülɣ- *śul- - Too irregular. Phonaesthetic?
"bare" *pelkkä - - *pelke K. peĺk - - - - *lkk
"thumb" *peukalo *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pel - *pääjə - *pêj ZERO regularity.
"foot" - - piĺgä - - - - *päälkənt - Ms. rather *pää-l + *kont ?
*ĺk
"shine" F. valkea *vélké *waalɣə *vaaĺk (vilaag) waĺk waĺ- - Vocals irregular.
*kL ?
"swede" *nakris - - - - - *nɯɯr *naaɣər - *kr
"wart" *süklä *čivlé śiĺge *šəɣəĺe - süĺ - - - *kl
*ðk
"duck" *sotka *čoaðké śulgo *šooe *śul - *sɯɯĺ *saaj -
"tip, bud" *tutka- tuθku- - - U. tuĺɯm tööɟ *taĺək *tääj -
*ðʲk /
"spit" *sülki *čolkɤ śeĺgä *šööwəl U. śalal ~ K. śɤlal - *süĺɣ- *söjəɣ -
*sk
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"sembra" - - - - *sus - *tɯɯt *ɬɯɯɣəɬ *tɯtə(k)
"rump" - - kaska - *koos - - - -
*ks
"liver" *maksa *móksé *mokš *musk maaj *majət *muuɣəɬ *mɯtə
"to take off; to be able" F. jaksa- - jukśe- - *juskɯ- - - - -
"valley" In. lakso leakšɤ *laksa U. los(k) - - - -
"to hit" *peeksä- - pikse- - U. pos- ~ K. pes- - - - *pitV-
"rodent" - - maksa- - - - - *maaɣ - Weak. Mo. "mole", Kh. "beaver"
*śk
"dry" *koski koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- U. kwaś ~ K. koś - - - *kåsə-
"rotten" - - *kaaškə- *kuź - - - -
"to step" *askel- - *aaškəl- *ooćkVl- - *uusəl - *äsəl
"to (let) go" *laske- *lóšté- laśka- - *ledź- - *laśke- ? *låsɣə- -
*kś
"autumn" *süksü *čɤkčɤ śokś *šəəžə U. sižɯl öös *tükəs *söɣəs -
*šk
"ax" *tahko - *toš *tɯš(k-) - - - - F. "grindstone"
"sleigh" *ahkio - - - - - *oɣəɬ Ne. ŋuutuuʔ Vowels irregular
*kš
"white" *hahka ? - akša *oš - - - *aaš -
"knot" *pahka - pakškä - - - - - *påktV
*čk
"to breik" *katkeða- - *kɤɤčkeða- U. kwačkal- - - - -
"to bite" - kácké- - *kaačka- K. gɤčkɯ- - - - -
"bitter" *katkera *kóccɤk *kaača- U. kɤš - *kɯɯšɣə ? *kiičə ? - Cf. "smell"
"smell" *katku - - K. kočɯs - - - - Cf. "bitter"
"wet" *nahka *ńóské načka *naačkə - - - (*ńašak) - Khanty "raw" may not belong
"to pluck" *kitko- *kɤské- kočko- - - - - - -
"to close" - - - *paačke- U. pɯškɯ- - - - -
"thru" *pahki - pačk - K. pɯšji - *puuš - Se. pooč Or *šk?
"thru" - - šačk - - - - - Se. sačk
"to thro" vatka- ? - vačka- vačka- ? - - - *waaškalt-
*kć ?
"gills" - *ńókčɤm - *naašmə K. ńokćim - *ńɯɯkśəm *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm Ne. ńińśku, Ka. neeni ?
*tk
"to peel" - *vótké- vatka- *waatka- - - - - Ne. waataa-
"to tie" *kütke- - - *kəəćke- U. kɯtkɯ- - *küt- *köt- *küt-
"to look for" - - ťeťke- - *töɣət- *titə-
*kt
"2" *kakti *kókté *kok *kɯk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä
"to put" *ahta- *vókté- *optə- K. oktɯ- - - *ɯɯɣət *ɯtå-
*n + sibilant (regularly missing in Mari?)
"tail" - - - *paač *bɤɤž - *panš *poč *pənčå *po(n)ča
"to open" - *póncé panžo- *paača- - - *puunš *puunč - *pa(n)ča
"nail" *künti *kɤncɤ kenže *kööč U. gižɯ ~ K. gɯž - *künš *könč *kəčå *kü(n)čV
"flea" *sonsa-ri - šičav šuršo - - *šo(n)š *čuunč -
"sleigh" - - - künžö - - - - *kənčå
"to paint" - - - - *koočV - *kanš *kanč -
"to search" - - - *kəəčala- *koočk- - *känš- *kenč- -
"pine" *petä-jä *peacé piče *pöönčə *poož-ɯm - - - -
"grouse" *mecco - - - - - *mänšəm - - *nć, if not F. ← *meccä "woods" ← B.
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