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==Phonology== | |||
===Short Vowels=== | |||
<table width="700px"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>middle</td> | |||
<td>unstressed</td> | |||
<td>as in</td> | |||
<td>Standard</td> | |||
<td>Accents</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>Omberland</td> | |||
<td>Sloum</td> | |||
<td>Beikland</td> | |||
<td>Meivelland</td> | |||
<td>Spuovreik</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><a></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>wat, dag</td> | |||
<td>a</td> | |||
<td>ɑ, æ</td> | |||
<td>a, æ</td> | |||
<td>ɑ</td> | |||
<td>ɑ</td> | |||
<td>a</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><e></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>reght</td> | |||
<td>ɛ</td> | |||
<td>ɛ</td> | |||
<td>e</td> | |||
<td>ɛ</td> | |||
<td>ɛ</td> | |||
<td>ɛ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td><e></td> | |||
<td>mucke, begin</td> | |||
<td>ə</td> | |||
<td>ə</td> | |||
<td>ə</td> | |||
<td>ə</td> | |||
<td>ə</td> | |||
<td>ə, a, ɛ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><i></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>find</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
<td>ɪ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><o></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>folk</td> | |||
<td>ɔ</td> | |||
<td>ɒ</td> | |||
<td>ɔ</td> | |||
<td>ɔ, œ</td> | |||
<td>ɔ</td> | |||
<td>ɔ, œ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><u></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td>yung</td> | |||
<td>ʊ</td> | |||
<td>ʊ</td> | |||
<td>ʊ</td> | |||
<td>ʊ, ʏ</td> | |||
<td>ʊ, ʏ</td> | |||
<td>ʊ, ʏ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Long Vowels and Diphthongs=== | ===Long Vowels and Diphthongs=== | ||
<table width="700px"> | <table width="700px"> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>non-final</td> | <td>non-final</td> | ||
<td>final</td> | <td>final</td> | ||
<td>as in</td> | |||
<td>Standard</td> | <td>Standard</td> | ||
<td>Accents</td> | <td>Accents</td> | ||
| Line 12: | Line 109: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | <td></td> | ||
<td></td> | <td></td> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 122: | ||
<td><aa></td> | <td><aa></td> | ||
<td><a></td> | <td><a></td> | ||
<td>yaar</td> | |||
<td>aː</td> | <td>aː</td> | ||
<td>ɑː</td> | <td>ɑː</td> | ||
<td>aː</td> | <td>aː, æː</td> | ||
<td>aː</td> | <td>aː, ɑː</td> | ||
<td>aː</td> | <td>aː</td> | ||
<td>ɑː</td> | <td>ɑː</td> | ||
| Line 34: | Line 133: | ||
<td><ee></td> | <td><ee></td> | ||
<td><ee></td> | <td><ee></td> | ||
<td>steen</td> | |||
<td>eː</td> | <td>eː</td> | ||
<td>eɪ</td> | <td>eɪ</td> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 143: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><ei></td> | <td><ei></td> | ||
<td>< | <td><ey></td> | ||
<td>wein</td> | |||
<td>aɪ</td> | <td>aɪ</td> | ||
<td>aɪ</td> | <td>aɪ</td> | ||
<td>æɪ</td> | <td>æɪ</td> | ||
<td>aɪ</td> | <td>aɪ, ɛː</td> | ||
<td>ɛi</td> | <td>ɛi</td> | ||
<td>ɛː</td> | <td>ɛi, ɛː</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><ie></td> | <td><ie></td> | ||
<td><ie>, <y></td> | <td><ie>, <y></td> | ||
<td>diev</td> | |||
<td>iː</td> | <td>iː</td> | ||
<td>iː</td> | <td>iː</td> | ||
<td>iː</td> | <td>iː, ɪə</td> | ||
<td>iː, yː</td> | <td>iː, yː</td> | ||
<td>iː</td> | <td>iː</td> | ||
| Line 64: | Line 166: | ||
<td><oo></td> | <td><oo></td> | ||
<td><o></td> | <td><o></td> | ||
<td>groot</td> | |||
<td>oː</td> | <td>oː</td> | ||
<td>oʊ</td> | <td>oʊ, əʊ</td> | ||
<td>oː</td> | <td>oː</td> | ||
<td>oː, øː</td> | <td>oː, øː</td> | ||
<td>oː</td> | <td>oː, øː</td> | ||
<td>øː</td> | <td>oː, øː</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><ou></td> | <td><ou></td> | ||
<td><ou></td> | <td><ou></td> | ||
<td>broun</td> | |||
<td>aʊ</td> | <td>aʊ</td> | ||
<td>aʊ</td> | <td>aʊ</td> | ||
<td>ʉː</td> | <td>æɔ, ʉː</td> | ||
<td>aʊ</td> | <td>aʊ</td> | ||
<td>œʏ</td> | <td>œʏ</td> | ||
| Line 84: | Line 188: | ||
<td><uo></td> | <td><uo></td> | ||
<td><u></td> | <td><u></td> | ||
<td>guod</td> | |||
<td>uː</td> | <td>uː</td> | ||
<td>uː</td> | <td>uː</td> | ||
| Line 98: | Line 203: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Transcription</td> | <td>Transcription</td> | ||
<td>as in</td> | |||
<td>Standard</td> | <td>Standard</td> | ||
<td>Accents</td> | <td>Accents</td> | ||
| Line 106: | Line 212: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | <td></td> | ||
<td></td> | <td></td> | ||
| Line 116: | Line 223: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><b></td> | <td><b></td> | ||
<td>buok</td> | |||
<td>b</td> | <td>b</td> | ||
<td>b</td> | <td>b</td> | ||
| Line 125: | Line 233: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><d></td> | <td><d></td> | ||
<td>dogh</td> | |||
<td>d</td> | <td>d</td> | ||
<td>d</td> | <td>d</td> | ||
| Line 134: | Line 243: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><f></td> | <td><f></td> | ||
<td>find</td> | |||
<td>f</td> | <td>f</td> | ||
<td>f</td> | <td>f</td> | ||
| Line 143: | Line 253: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><g></td> | <td><g></td> | ||
<td>guod</td> | |||
<td>g</td> | <td>g</td> | ||
<td>g</td> | <td>g</td> | ||
| Line 151: | Line 262: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><gh><sup> | <td><gh><sup>1</sup></td> | ||
<td>aght, reght</td> | |||
<td>x</td> | <td>x</td> | ||
<td>x</td> | <td>x</td> | ||
<td>x</td> | <td>x</td> | ||
<td>x, ç<sup> | <td>x, ç<sup>2</sup></td> | ||
<td>x</td> | <td>x</td> | ||
<td>ɧ</td> | <td>ɧ</td> | ||
| Line 161: | Line 273: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><h></td> | <td><h></td> | ||
<td>hund</td> | |||
<td>h</td> | <td>h</td> | ||
<td>h</td> | <td>h</td> | ||
| Line 170: | Line 283: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><j></td> | <td><j></td> | ||
<td>januar</td> | |||
<td>j</td> | <td>j</td> | ||
<td>dʒ</td> | <td>dʒ</td> | ||
| Line 178: | Line 292: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><k>, <ck><sup> | <td><k>, <ck><sup>3</sup></td> | ||
<td>kon, ken</td> | |||
<td>kʰ</td> | <td>kʰ</td> | ||
<td>kʰ</td> | <td>kʰ</td> | ||
| Line 184: | Line 299: | ||
<td>kʰ</td> | <td>kʰ</td> | ||
<td>kʰ</td> | <td>kʰ</td> | ||
<td>kʰ, ɕ<sup> | <td>kʰ, ɕ<sup>4</sup></td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><l></td> | <td><l></td> | ||
<td>land</td> | |||
<td>l</td> | <td>l</td> | ||
<td>l</td> | <td>l</td> | ||
| Line 197: | Line 313: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><m></td> | <td><m></td> | ||
<td>mucke</td> | |||
<td>m</td> | <td>m</td> | ||
<td>m</td> | <td>m</td> | ||
| Line 206: | Line 323: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><n></td> | <td><n></td> | ||
<td>naght</td> | |||
<td>n</td> | <td>n</td> | ||
<td>n</td> | <td>n</td> | ||
| Line 214: | Line 332: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><p><sup> | <td><ng><sup>1</sup></td> | ||
<td>sing</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
<td>ŋ</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td><p><sup>3</sup></td> | |||
<td>pein</td> | |||
<td>pʰ</td> | <td>pʰ</td> | ||
<td>pʰ</td> | <td>pʰ</td> | ||
| Line 224: | Line 353: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><r></td> | <td><r></td> | ||
<td>reid</td> | |||
<td>r</td> | <td>r</td> | ||
<td>ɹ</td> | <td>ɹ</td> | ||
| Line 233: | Line 363: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><s></td> | <td><s></td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup> | <td>so, housen, swim</td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup> | <td>s, z<sup>5</sup></td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup> | <td>s, z<sup>5</sup></td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup> | <td>s, z<sup>5</sup></td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup> | <td>s, z<sup>5, 6</sup>, ʃ<sup>6, 7</sup></td> | ||
<td>s, z<sup>5, 6</sup></td> | |||
<td>s</td> | <td>s</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><sh></td> | <td><sh></td> | ||
<td>shu, shee</td> | |||
<td>ʃ</td> | <td>ʃ</td> | ||
<td>ʃ</td> | <td>ʃ</td> | ||
| Line 247: | Line 379: | ||
<td>ʃ</td> | <td>ʃ</td> | ||
<td>sx</td> | <td>sx</td> | ||
<td>sk, ɧ<sup> | <td>sk, ɧ<sup>4</sup></td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><t><sup> | <td><t><sup>3</sup></td> | ||
<td>teen</td> | |||
<td>tʰ</td> | <td>tʰ</td> | ||
<td>tʰ</td> | <td>tʰ</td> | ||
| Line 260: | Line 393: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><v>< | <td><v></td> | ||
<td>violien, dreiv</td> | |||
<td>v</td> | <td>v</td> | ||
<td>v</td> | <td>v</td> | ||
<td>v</td> | <td>v</td> | ||
<td>f, b<sup> | <td>f<sup>1</sup>, b<sup>5</sup>, v<sup>6</sup></td> | ||
<td>f, v<sup> | <td>f<sup>1</sup>, v<sup>5, 6</sup></td> | ||
<td>v</td> | <td>v</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><w></td> | <td><w></td> | ||
<td>wat</td> | |||
<td>w</td> | <td>w</td> | ||
<td>w</td> | <td>w</td> | ||
| Line 279: | Line 414: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td><y></td> | <td><y></td> | ||
<td>yung</td> | |||
<td>j</td> | <td>j</td> | ||
<td>j</td> | <td>j</td> | ||
| Line 288: | Line 424: | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
<sup>1</sup> - | <sup>1</sup> - Never occurs word-initially.<br/> | ||
<sup>2</sup> - | <sup>2</sup> - After a front vowel.<br/> | ||
<sup>3</sup> - | <sup>3</sup> - Not always aspirated at non-initial position.<br/> | ||
<sup>4</sup> - | <sup>4</sup> - Before a front vowel.<br/> | ||
<sup>5</sup> - | <sup>5</sup> - Between vowels.<br/> | ||
<sup>6</sup> - | <sup>6</sup> - Occurs word-initially.<br/> | ||
<sup>7</sup> - | <sup>7</sup> - In the clusters <sl>, <sm>, <sn>, <sp>, <st> and <sw>.<br/> | ||
==Morphology== | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
<table width="400px"> | <table width="400px"> | ||
| Line 311: | Line 448: | ||
<td>hie</td> | <td>hie</td> | ||
<td>him</td> | <td>him</td> | ||
<td> | <td>sein</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 326: | Line 463: | ||
<td>wie</td> | <td>wie</td> | ||
<td>us</td> | <td>us</td> | ||
<td> | <td>usser</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>yie</td> | |||
<td>yu</td> | <td>yu</td> | ||
<td> | <td>yier</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 337: | Line 474: | ||
<td>dem</td> | <td>dem</td> | ||
<td>deer</td> | <td>deer</td> | ||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
<p>fremde man</p> | |||
<p>de fremde man</p> | |||
<p>een fremde man</p> | |||
<p>De man er fremde.</p> | |||
<p>fremde mannen</p> | |||
<p>de fremde mannen</p> | |||
<p>De mannen er fremde.</p> | |||
<p>ny kleed</p> | |||
<p>de ny kleed</p> | |||
<p>een ny kleed</p> | |||
<p>De kleed er ny.</p> | |||
<p>ny kleeden</p> | |||
<p>de ny kleed</p> | |||
<p>De kleeden er ny.</p> | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
''Weak verbs'' | |||
<table width="400px"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>sagge</td> | |||
<td>sag</td> | |||
<td>sagde</td> | |||
<td>sagd</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>stoppe</td> | |||
<td>stop</td> | |||
<td>stopte</td> | |||
<td>stopt</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>badde</td> | |||
<td>bad</td> | |||
<td>baddede</td> | |||
<td>badded</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>arbeete</td> | |||
<td>arbeet</td> | |||
<td>arbeetede</td> | |||
<td>arbeeted</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>handle</td> | |||
<td>handel</td> | |||
<td>handelde</td> | |||
<td>handeld</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>mordre</td> | |||
<td>morder</td> | |||
<td>morderde</td> | |||
<td>morderd</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>kummere</td> | |||
<td>kummer</td> | |||
<td>kummerde</td> | |||
<td>kummerd</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>opne</td> | |||
<td>oppen</td> | |||
<td>oppende</td> | |||
<td>oppend</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
''Strong verbs'' | |||
<table width="400px"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>beite</td> | |||
<td>beit</td> | |||
<td>bit</td> | |||
<td>bitten</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>fliege</td> | |||
<td>flieg</td> | |||
<td>floog</td> | |||
<td>floggen</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>drinke</td> | |||
<td>drink</td> | |||
<td>drank</td> | |||
<td>drunken</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>helpe</td> | |||
<td>help</td> | |||
<td>halp</td> | |||
<td>holpen</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>brecke</td> | |||
<td>breck</td> | |||
<td>brack</td> | |||
<td>brocken</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>geve</td> | |||
<td>gev</td> | |||
<td>gav</td> | |||
<td>geven</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>slagge</td> | |||
<td>slag</td> | |||
<td>sluog</td> | |||
<td>slaggen</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>halde</td> | |||
<td>hald</td> | |||
<td>hild</td> | |||
<td>halden</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
''Irregular verbs (irregular forms marked with *)'' | |||
<table width="400px"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>*sei</td> | |||
<td>*er</td> | |||
<td>war</td> | |||
<td>werren</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>have</td> | |||
<td>hav</td> | |||
<td>*hadde</td> | |||
<td>had</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>*komme</td> | |||
<td>*kom</td> | |||
<td>kam</td> | |||
<td>kommen</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>wolle</td> | |||
<td>*will</td> | |||
<td>wollde</td> | |||
<td>wolld</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| Line 345: | Line 633: | ||
3 - drie<br/> | 3 - drie<br/> | ||
4 - fier<br/> | 4 - fier<br/> | ||
5 - | 5 - fenf<br/> | ||
6 - siks<br/> | 6 - siks<br/> | ||
7 - sev<br/> | 7 - sev<br/> | ||
| Line 355: | Line 643: | ||
13 - drieteen<br/> | 13 - drieteen<br/> | ||
14 - fierteen<br/> | 14 - fierteen<br/> | ||
15 - | 15 - fenfteen<br/> | ||
16 - siksteen<br/> | 16 - siksteen<br/> | ||
17 - sevteen<br/> | 17 - sevteen<br/> | ||
| Line 365: | Line 653: | ||
1,000 - dousen | 1,000 - dousen | ||
==Sample== | |||
===Phrases=== | ===Phrases=== | ||
<table> | <table> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Hello.</td> | <td>Hello.</td> | ||
<td> | <td>Hey.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 377: | Line 666: | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Good afternoon.</td> | <td>Good afternoon.</td> | ||
<td>Guode | <td>Guode aftermiddag.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 387: | Line 676: | ||
<td>Guode naght.</td> | <td>Guode naght.</td> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>My name is | <tr> | ||
<td>Mein naam | <td>Excuse me.</td> | ||
<td>Outshuld mie.</td> | |||
<tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>What is your name?</td> | |||
<td>Wat/Hu er dein naam / Wat/Hu heet du?</td> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>My name is Hans.</td> | |||
<td>Mein naam er Hans. / Ig heet Hans.</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>How old are you?</td> | <td>How old are you?</td> | ||
<td>Hu alde | <td>Hu alde er du?</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>I am | <td>I am 45 years old.</td> | ||
<td>Ig | <td>Ig er fierty-fenf yaaren alde.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Where are you from?</td> | <td>Where are you from?</td> | ||
<td> | <td>Wer er du av? / Wer kom du out?</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>I am from | <td>I am from Pitcairn.</td> | ||
<td>Ig | <td>Ig er av Pitcairn. / Ig kom out Pitcairn.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Are you married?</td> | <td>Are you married?</td> | ||
<td> | <td>Er du betroud?</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Yes, I am.</td> | <td>Yes, I am.</td> | ||
<td>Ya, ig | <td>Ya, ig er.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>No, I'm not.</td> | <td>No, I'm not.</td> | ||
<td>Nee, ig | <td>Nee, ig er nit.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>I'm learning Twisspraak but do not speak it very well.</td> | <td>I'm learning Twisspraak but do not speak it very well.</td> | ||
<td>Ig lern twisspraak dogh ig | <td>Ig lern twisspraak dogh ig konn nit sprecke dat muck guod.</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>How do you say | <td>How do you say that in Twisspraak?</td> | ||
<td>Hu sag | <td>Hu sag mann dat in twisspraak?</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>What does | <td>What does that mean?</td> | ||
<td>Wat bedied | <td>Wat bedied dat?</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 436: | Line 733: | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
===De ny | ===De keisers ny kleeden=== | ||
Befor mucke yaaren, livde een keiser | Befor mucke yaaren, livde een keiser dat denkte so muck av ny kleeden, at hie outgav all sein pennien fur tu sei reght shoone. Hie kummerde selv nit om sein kriegeren, kummerde selv nit om shouspeel or om tu ga in de wald, outer aleen fur tu forstelle sein ny kleeden. Hie hadde een kleeding stuck fur ever uor av de dag, en as man sag av een kung, "Hie er in de raad", so sagde man hier allteid: "Hie er in de kleedroum!". | ||
In de groote stad wer hie woonde, war de leiv muck luckly. Ever dag, kam mucke fremde menshen dar. Een dag, kam twee swindleren. Dee outgav selv fur tu sei weveren en sagde at dee konnde weve de feinste stoff dat man kon denke. De farven en de munster war nit aleen unwoonly shoone, dogh de kleeden dat war naade av de stoff hadde de wonderbare eegenshap at dee war unsightbarre fur ever mensh dat dougde nit sein ambd or ook war untuolaatly dumme. | |||
"Dat shollde sei een feine kleed", denkte de keiser; "if ig shollde dragge dem, konnde ig outfinde welke mannen in mein reik dougde nit fur de ambd dat dee hav; ig konnde undersheide de kluoken av de dummen! Ya, de stoff must sei soford wevd fur mie!”. En hie gav de swindleren mucke pennien, fur at dee shollde beginne deer arbeet. | |||
Dee upsette ook twee wevstuolen, en deed as if dee arbeetede, dogh dee hadde nit de littelste op de wevstuol. Trots dat, fruog dee om de feinste silk en de praghtieste gold, dogh dee stickte dat in deer eegne sacken en arbeetede an de inhaldloose wevstuolen till laat in de naght. | |||
" | "Nu shollde ig gern weete hu fer dee er med de stoff", denkte de keiser, | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:12, 19 February 2008
Phonology
Short Vowels
| middle | unstressed | as in | Standard | Accents | ||||
| Omberland | Sloum | Beikland | Meivelland | Spuovreik | ||||
| <a> | wat, dag | a | ɑ, æ | a, æ | ɑ | ɑ | a | |
| <e> | reght | ɛ | ɛ | e | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | |
| <e> | mucke, begin | ə | ə | ə | ə | ə | ə, a, ɛ | |
| <i> | find | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ | |
| <o> | folk | ɔ | ɒ | ɔ | ɔ, œ | ɔ | ɔ, œ | |
| <u> | yung | ʊ | ʊ | ʊ | ʊ, ʏ | ʊ, ʏ | ʊ, ʏ |
Long Vowels and Diphthongs
| non-final | final | as in | Standard | Accents | ||||
| Omberland | Sloum | Beikland | Meivelland | Spuovreik | ||||
| <aa> | <a> | yaar | aː | ɑː | aː, æː | aː, ɑː | aː | ɑː |
| <ee> | <ee> | steen | eː | eɪ | eː | eː | eː | eː |
| <ei> | <ey> | wein | aɪ | aɪ | æɪ | aɪ, ɛː | ɛi | ɛi, ɛː |
| <ie> | <ie>, <y> | diev | iː | iː | iː, ɪə | iː, yː | iː | iː, yː |
| <oo> | <o> | groot | oː | oʊ, əʊ | oː | oː, øː | oː, øː | oː, øː |
| <ou> | <ou> | broun | aʊ | aʊ | æɔ, ʉː | aʊ | œʏ | ʉː |
| <uo> | <u> | guod | uː | uː | ʊə | uː | uː | uː |
Consonants
| Transcription | as in | Standard | Accents | ||||
| Omberland | Sloum | Beikland | Meivelland | Spuovreik | |||
| <b> | buok | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| <d> | dogh | d | d | d | d | d | d |
| <f> | find | f | f | f | f | f | f |
| <g> | guod | g | g | g | g | ɣ | g |
| <gh>1 | aght, reght | x | x | x | x, ç2 | x | ɧ |
| <h> | hund | h | h | h | h | h | h |
| <j> | januar | j | dʒ | dʒ | j | j | j |
| <k>, <ck>3 | kon, ken | kʰ | kʰ | kʰ | kʰ | kʰ | kʰ, ɕ4 |
| <l> | land | l | l | l | l | l | l |
| <m> | mucke | m | m | m | m | m | m |
| <n> | naght | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| <ng>1 | sing | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
| <p>3 | pein | pʰ | pʰ | pʰ | pʰ | pʰ | pʰ |
| <r> | reid | r | ɹ | ɹ | r | r | r |
| <s> | so, housen, swim | s, z5 | s, z5 | s, z5 | s, z5, 6, ʃ6, 7 | s, z5, 6 | s |
| <sh> | shu, shee | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | sx | sk, ɧ4 |
| <t>3 | teen | tʰ | tʰ | tʰ | tʰ | tʰ | tʰ |
| <v> | violien, dreiv | v | v | v | f1, b5, v6 | f1, v5, 6 | v |
| <w> | wat | w | w | w | v | ʋ | v |
| <y> | yung | j | j | j | j | j | j |
1 - Never occurs word-initially.
2 - After a front vowel.
3 - Not always aspirated at non-initial position.
4 - Before a front vowel.
5 - Between vowels.
6 - Occurs word-initially.
7 - In the clusters <sl>, <sm>, <sn>, <sp>, <st> and <sw>.
Morphology
Pronouns
| ig | mie | mein |
| du | die | dein |
| hie | him | sein |
| sie | hir | hir |
| dat | dat | dats |
| wie | us | usser |
| yie | yu | yier |
| dee | dem | deer |
Adjectives
fremde man
de fremde man
een fremde man
De man er fremde.
fremde mannen
de fremde mannen
De mannen er fremde.
ny kleed
de ny kleed
een ny kleed
De kleed er ny.
ny kleeden
de ny kleed
De kleeden er ny.
Verbs
Weak verbs
| sagge | sag | sagde | sagd |
| stoppe | stop | stopte | stopt |
| badde | bad | baddede | badded |
| arbeete | arbeet | arbeetede | arbeeted |
| handle | handel | handelde | handeld |
| mordre | morder | morderde | morderd |
| kummere | kummer | kummerde | kummerd |
| opne | oppen | oppende | oppend |
Strong verbs
| beite | beit | bit | bitten |
| fliege | flieg | floog | floggen |
| drinke | drink | drank | drunken |
| helpe | help | halp | holpen |
| brecke | breck | brack | brocken |
| geve | gev | gav | geven |
| slagge | slag | sluog | slaggen |
| halde | hald | hild | halden |
Irregular verbs (irregular forms marked with *)
| *sei | *er | war | werren |
| have | hav | *hadde | had |
| *komme | *kom | kam | kommen |
| wolle | *will | wollde | wolld |
Numerals
1 - een
2 - twee
3 - drie
4 - fier
5 - fenf
6 - siks
7 - sev
8 - aght
9 - nien
10 - teen
11 - elf
12 - twelf
13 - drieteen
14 - fierteen
15 - fenfteen
16 - siksteen
17 - sevteen
18 - aghtteen
19 - nienteen
20 - tweety
30 - driety
100 - hunder
1,000 - dousen
Sample
Phrases
| Hello. | Hey. |
| Good morning. | Guode morn. |
| Good afternoon. | Guode aftermiddag. |
| Good evening. | Guode aaven. |
| Good night. | Guode naght. |
| Excuse me. | Outshuld mie. |
| What is your name? | Wat/Hu er dein naam / Wat/Hu heet du? |
| My name is Hans. | Mein naam er Hans. / Ig heet Hans. |
| How old are you? | Hu alde er du? |
| I am 45 years old. | Ig er fierty-fenf yaaren alde. |
| Where are you from? | Wer er du av? / Wer kom du out? |
| I am from Pitcairn. | Ig er av Pitcairn. / Ig kom out Pitcairn. |
| Are you married? | Er du betroud? |
| Yes, I am. | Ya, ig er. |
| No, I'm not. | Nee, ig er nit. |
| I'm learning Twisspraak but do not speak it very well. | Ig lern twisspraak dogh ig konn nit sprecke dat muck guod. |
| How do you say that in Twisspraak? | Hu sag mann dat in twisspraak? |
| What does that mean? | Wat bedied dat? |
| I don't understand. | Ig fersta nit. |
De keisers ny kleeden
Befor mucke yaaren, livde een keiser dat denkte so muck av ny kleeden, at hie outgav all sein pennien fur tu sei reght shoone. Hie kummerde selv nit om sein kriegeren, kummerde selv nit om shouspeel or om tu ga in de wald, outer aleen fur tu forstelle sein ny kleeden. Hie hadde een kleeding stuck fur ever uor av de dag, en as man sag av een kung, "Hie er in de raad", so sagde man hier allteid: "Hie er in de kleedroum!".
In de groote stad wer hie woonde, war de leiv muck luckly. Ever dag, kam mucke fremde menshen dar. Een dag, kam twee swindleren. Dee outgav selv fur tu sei weveren en sagde at dee konnde weve de feinste stoff dat man kon denke. De farven en de munster war nit aleen unwoonly shoone, dogh de kleeden dat war naade av de stoff hadde de wonderbare eegenshap at dee war unsightbarre fur ever mensh dat dougde nit sein ambd or ook war untuolaatly dumme.
"Dat shollde sei een feine kleed", denkte de keiser; "if ig shollde dragge dem, konnde ig outfinde welke mannen in mein reik dougde nit fur de ambd dat dee hav; ig konnde undersheide de kluoken av de dummen! Ya, de stoff must sei soford wevd fur mie!”. En hie gav de swindleren mucke pennien, fur at dee shollde beginne deer arbeet.
Dee upsette ook twee wevstuolen, en deed as if dee arbeetede, dogh dee hadde nit de littelste op de wevstuol. Trots dat, fruog dee om de feinste silk en de praghtieste gold, dogh dee stickte dat in deer eegne sacken en arbeetede an de inhaldloose wevstuolen till laat in de naght.
"Nu shollde ig gern weete hu fer dee er med de stoff", denkte de keiser,
