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== Intro to Verb Conjugation ==
== Goals ==
The part of Syreni most like English (in terms of layout) is the verb conjugation.  English is called and SVO language, which means it lists the parts of a sentence in the order subject-verb-object.  It is thought that perhaps Syreni began this same way.  The major difference being, Syreni glues all those English words together into one, big, monster word!  It is easiest to picture a collection of nine "slots" into which one may inject part, with only the root and person being obligatory.
# Endgoal - A noun-less language I can pronounce
# Vague phrases
## Process Philosophy - change is all that exists
## Predicate Centrism
## Radical Incorporation
## Gestalt experience
### Dynamic Interrelation
### Emergent Perception
### Holistic Understanding
### Meaning Making
### Psychological and Therapeutic
## Experiential Framing
## Murmuring to yourself
# Naturalism: 8/10.   
#* Just a little push to get rid of all verb
#* Language isolate where none exists
#* I don't wanna do all the diachronic/irregularities, or at least, not at first
#* idioms are cool, ambiguity is cool
# Complexity - insane.  Allowed to be worse than Navajo
# Derivation - the template is always a must
# Feature
## Phonology
### ejectives
### syllabic fricatives
### ã and õ
### þ and ł
### CV, CF, V (hiatus)
## Grammar
### Open: transitives, statives, intransitive, incorporated nouns, adverb
### Closed: relators, valency,  
### evidentiality
### emotive/reflective language (mirativity, etc)
### politeness vocabulary, kinship marking, avoidance/passives
## Culture
### slightly in the future: has adapted to technology/internet


{| class="wikitable"
 
| '''#'''
Try again on slots
! 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || Root || 7 || 8 || 9
# Circumstantials vs Person
# VAC
# EAF
# Mode
# Aspect
# Tense
# Subject
# Object
# Adverb
# Noun
# Root
== Phonology ==
 
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonants
! !! Labial !! Dental !! Central !! Sibilant !! Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glotal
|-
! Plain
| /p/ || /t͡θ/ '''tþ''' || /t/ || /t͡s/ '''ts''' || /t͡ɬ/ '''tł''' || /t͡ʃ/ '''tc''' || /k/ ||
|-
! Ejective
| /p'/ || /t͡θ'/ '''tþ'''' || /t'/ || /t͡s'/ '''ts' ''' || /t͡ɬ'/ '''tł' ''' || /t͡ʃ/ '''tc' '''|| /k'/ || /ʔ/ ''' ' '''
|-
! Voiced
| ||  || || ||  || /d͡ʒ/ '''j''' || /g/ ||
|-
! Fricative
| /ɸ/ '''f''' || /θ/ '''þ''' || || /s/ || /ɬ/ '''ł''' || /ʃ/ '''c''' || /x/ || /h/
|-
! Sonorant
| /m/ || || /n/ || || /l/ || /j/ '''y''' || /ŋ/ /w/ ||
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ "Vowels"
! !! Oral !! Nasal !! Sonorant !! Sibilant !! Fricative
|-
! Near-High
| /ɪ/ '''i''' || /õ/ '''o''' || /ŋ̊/ '''ŋr''' || /ʃ/ '''cr''' || /ɸ/ '''fr'''
|-
|-
| '''Function:'''
! Mid
| Voice
| /ǝ/ '''e''' || /ǝ̃/ '''u''' || /n̊/ '''nr''' || /ɬ/ '''łr''' || /θ/ '''þr'''
| Deixis
| Class
| Person
| Prep.
| Plural
|
| Voice
| Deixis
| Class
|-
|-
| '''For:'''
! Low
| colspan="3" | "Subject"
| /ä/ '''a''' || /ã/ '''æ''' || /m̊/ '''mr''' || /s/ '''sr''' || /x/ '''xr'''
| Both
|
| Both?
|
| colspan="3" | "Object"
|}
|}


Let's look at the first three and the last three.  These are the Voice, Deixis, and Class of the "Subject" and "Object".  "Subject" and "Object" are in scare-quotes because sometimes they behave in ways quite unlike anything you might expect, sometimes the very opposite of what the names imply!  '''Voice''' lets you know the intentionality or passivity of the subject/object.  '''Deixis''' is a fancy word for 'this' vs 'that', but in Syreni it's a lot more complicated!  '''Class''' is short for "classifier" which lets you know what kind of thing you're dealing with: person, animal, thing, etc.
== Verb Slots ==
Verbs are built according to a template.  The optional first slot is to make it a comment, not a main clause
# VAC - Valency Altering Complex
# EAF - Epistemic-Affective Framing
# Mood
# Tense
# Aspect
# subject/object class
# incorporated noun
# person  
# adverbial
# root
 


'''Preposition''' is a kind of clarifier for the verbal-root.  Why aren't they part of the verb?  Consider the English verb "to turn into".  It's quite different from "to turn" and yet all manner of things might come in between "turn" and "into" in any given sentence (e.g. "Frankie turned very slowly but nevertheless deliberately into pickled cod.")  "Into" is crucial to distinguish a very different meaning for "turn", but it is separated from it.  That's how the '''prep.''' spot functions in Syreni.  There are a great deal many "prepositions" in Syreni.  So many, in fact, that some linguists think that they were originally noun that got incorporated into the endless verbal stew!  This happens a little in English. (e.g. "I was picking berries" can turn into "I was berry-picking."
=== Slot 0 ===
This prefix turns a finite verb into a circumstantial clause, effectively making it non-finite.


The '''Plural" slot is often ambiguous as to whether it is marking the "subject" or the "object" as a distributive plural.  It may only be applied to very animate subjects.  There are two other infixes that can go here, so that some people prefer simply to call it 'slot 6', but we will continue to use the original name.  The "energetic" and "inert" markers also go here and they are also ambiguous as to whether they refer to the "subject" or "object".  Lastly, the "reversal" of persons marker is in this slot.
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Sound !! Translations !! Notes
|-
! Simultaneous
| fu- || while, during, as || can also mean "at the same place"
|-
! Purpose
| łæ- || in order to, for the sake of, to, for || can be irrealis, as in intended consequence
|-
! Comparative
| kxrc- || like, as, -ly || for an alike-manner or a metaphor/simile
|-
! Causal
| t'mr- || since, from, because of || specifies the origin or source
|-
! Concessive
| tþ'a- || even though, despite, although || contrary, adversative
|-
! Neutral
| xwe- || -ing || does not specify the relationship beyond circumstances-to-comment
|}


The '''Person''' is most important for immediately forming words, because it is required.  Here are the indicative person infixes:
=== VAC ===
The Valency-Alteration Complex (VAC).  One is required each time


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative Person Markers
! Name !! Effect !! Sound !! Notes
|-
! Transitive
| || he- || Normal conjugation for two-argument verbs
|-
! Intransitive
| || cli- || Normal conjugation for one-argument verbs
|-
! Causative
| +1 agent || ŋi- || Promotes external causer to subject, causee to object, old patient to oblique
|-
! Reflex/Recip
| -1 patient || tł'æ- || agent=patient
|-
! Antipassive
| -1 patient || cłr- || patient is backgrounded
|-
! Passive
| -1 agent || mŋr- || agent suppressed
|-
! Benefactive
| +1 patient || ło- || promotes goal/recipient
|-
! Locative
| +1 patient || xþr- || promotes location
|-
! Instr/Comit.
| +1 patient || ce- || Adds means or accompanier
|-
|-
|  
! Genitive
! Paucal
| +1 patient|| k'e- || Adds alienable possessor
! Duoplural
|}
=== EAF ===
Epistemic-Affective Framing is about attitude or stance: how the speaker is positioned—emotionally, epistemically, experientially—toward the event.  One is required per verb.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Sound !! Glosses !! Notes
|-
|-
! 1
! Surprise
| -tþu- || "I didn't expect that" || often unpleasant but not necessarily so
|-
|-
! 2
! Dislike
| -xo- || "I dislike that" || Always strongly negative
|-
|-
! O
! Love
| le- || "I am glad that" || Always strongly positive
|-
|-
! 1->2
! Direct
| -ck'æ- || "I experienced that" || strict for personal, sensory phenomenon
|-
|-
! 1->O
! Hearsay
| -tþi- || "It was told to me that" || read, heard, reported information
|-
|-
! 2->O
! Inferential
| -pcr- || "I assume that" || assumptions, logically inferred
|}
|}
=== Mode ===
# Imperfective - ongoing, incomplete
# Perfective - done, complete
# Progressive - changing, evolving
# Subjunctive - likely but not real, command, conditional
# Optative - unlikely and not real, wishes, hypothetical
=== Tense ===
# Present - now
# Hodiernal - today
# Past - before today
# Future - after today
# Gnomic - timeless
=== Aspect ===
# Momentane - of an instant
# Continuative - no clear boundaries
# Conative - attempt
# Semelfactive - one time unit in a sequence, once
# Stative - enduring, condition, identity

Latest revision as of 10:54, 16 March 2025

Goals

  1. Endgoal - A noun-less language I can pronounce
  2. Vague phrases
    1. Process Philosophy - change is all that exists
    2. Predicate Centrism
    3. Radical Incorporation
    4. Gestalt experience
      1. Dynamic Interrelation
      2. Emergent Perception
      3. Holistic Understanding
      4. Meaning Making
      5. Psychological and Therapeutic
    5. Experiential Framing
    6. Murmuring to yourself
  3. Naturalism: 8/10.
    • Just a little push to get rid of all verb
    • Language isolate where none exists
    • I don't wanna do all the diachronic/irregularities, or at least, not at first
    • idioms are cool, ambiguity is cool
  4. Complexity - insane. Allowed to be worse than Navajo
  5. Derivation - the template is always a must
  6. Feature
    1. Phonology
      1. ejectives
      2. syllabic fricatives
      3. ã and õ
      4. þ and ł
      5. CV, CF, V (hiatus)
    2. Grammar
      1. Open: transitives, statives, intransitive, incorporated nouns, adverb
      2. Closed: relators, valency,
      3. evidentiality
      4. emotive/reflective language (mirativity, etc)
      5. politeness vocabulary, kinship marking, avoidance/passives
    3. Culture
      1. slightly in the future: has adapted to technology/internet


Try again on slots

  1. Circumstantials vs Person
  2. VAC
  3. EAF
  4. Mode
  5. Aspect
  6. Tense
  7. Subject
  8. Object
  9. Adverb
  10. Noun
  11. Root

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Dental Central Sibilant Lateral Palatal Velar Glotal
Plain /p/ /t͡θ/ tþ /t/ /t͡s/ ts /t͡ɬ/ tł /t͡ʃ/ tc /k/
Ejective /p'/ /t͡θ'/ tþ' /t'/ /t͡s'/ ts' /t͡ɬ'/ tł' /t͡ʃ/ tc' /k'/ /ʔ/ '
Voiced /d͡ʒ/ j /g/
Fricative /ɸ/ f /θ/ þ /s/ /ɬ/ ł /ʃ/ c /x/ /h/
Sonorant /m/ /n/ /l/ /j/ y /ŋ/ /w/
"Vowels"
Oral Nasal Sonorant Sibilant Fricative
Near-High /ɪ/ i /õ/ o /ŋ̊/ ŋr /ʃ/ cr /ɸ/ fr
Mid /ǝ/ e /ǝ̃/ u /n̊/ nr /ɬ/ łr /θ/ þr
Low /ä/ a /ã/ æ /m̊/ mr /s/ sr /x/ xr

Verb Slots

Verbs are built according to a template. The optional first slot is to make it a comment, not a main clause

  1. VAC - Valency Altering Complex
  2. EAF - Epistemic-Affective Framing
  3. Mood
  4. Tense
  5. Aspect
  6. subject/object class
  7. incorporated noun
  8. person
  9. adverbial
  10. root


Slot 0

This prefix turns a finite verb into a circumstantial clause, effectively making it non-finite.

Name Sound Translations Notes
Simultaneous fu- while, during, as can also mean "at the same place"
Purpose łæ- in order to, for the sake of, to, for can be irrealis, as in intended consequence
Comparative kxrc- like, as, -ly for an alike-manner or a metaphor/simile
Causal t'mr- since, from, because of specifies the origin or source
Concessive tþ'a- even though, despite, although contrary, adversative
Neutral xwe- -ing does not specify the relationship beyond circumstances-to-comment

VAC

The Valency-Alteration Complex (VAC). One is required each time

Name Effect Sound Notes
Transitive he- Normal conjugation for two-argument verbs
Intransitive cli- Normal conjugation for one-argument verbs
Causative +1 agent ŋi- Promotes external causer to subject, causee to object, old patient to oblique
Reflex/Recip -1 patient tł'æ- agent=patient
Antipassive -1 patient cłr- patient is backgrounded
Passive -1 agent mŋr- agent suppressed
Benefactive +1 patient ło- promotes goal/recipient
Locative +1 patient xþr- promotes location
Instr/Comit. +1 patient ce- Adds means or accompanier
Genitive +1 patient k'e- Adds alienable possessor

EAF

Epistemic-Affective Framing is about attitude or stance: how the speaker is positioned—emotionally, epistemically, experientially—toward the event. One is required per verb.

Name Sound Glosses Notes
Surprise -tþu- "I didn't expect that" often unpleasant but not necessarily so
Dislike -xo- "I dislike that" Always strongly negative
Love le- "I am glad that" Always strongly positive
Direct -ck'æ- "I experienced that" strict for personal, sensory phenomenon
Hearsay -tþi- "It was told to me that" read, heard, reported information
Inferential -pcr- "I assume that" assumptions, logically inferred

Mode

  1. Imperfective - ongoing, incomplete
  2. Perfective - done, complete
  3. Progressive - changing, evolving
  4. Subjunctive - likely but not real, command, conditional
  5. Optative - unlikely and not real, wishes, hypothetical

Tense

  1. Present - now
  2. Hodiernal - today
  3. Past - before today
  4. Future - after today
  5. Gnomic - timeless

Aspect

  1. Momentane - of an instant
  2. Continuative - no clear boundaries
  3. Conative - attempt
  4. Semelfactive - one time unit in a sequence, once
  5. Stative - enduring, condition, identity
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