Senjecas - Ithkuil Test Sentences 1-10

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Sentences

• 1A. The man thinks he sees a young girl in the distance.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru éȝum þifra̋s éna be̋ku ne̋skum na̋ku na̋ma:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	éȝ-um	þifr-a̋s	éna	be̋ku-Ø	ne̋sk-um	na̋k-u	na̋m-a
man-N.s	3-A.s	disrtance-G.s	in	young-ABS	girl-A.s	see-SUP	think-IND

• 1B. The man sees what looks like a young girl in the distance.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru num—táu þifra̋s éna be̋ku ne̋sku ka̋ȝa—na̋ka:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	n-um	tá-u	þifr-a̋s	éna	be̋ku-Ø	ne̋sk-u	ka̋ȝ-a	na̋k-a
man-N.s	that-A.s	which-A.s	distance-G.s	at	young-ABS	girl-N.s	look.like-IND	see-IND

• 2. The clown gave mother a note.
• re̋tu maama̋s o tűsom e-dőőa:

re̋t-u	maam-a̋s	o	tűs-om	e=dőő-a
clown-N.s	mother-G.s	to	note-A.s	PST=give-IND

• 3. Don't call the boy a nerd!
• hűsum sooxsa̋a̋rum fe̋e̋te ze:

hűs-um	soox.sa̋a̋r-um	fe̋e̋t-e	ze
boy.A.s	obsess.intelligent-A.s	call-IMP	not

• 4. Instead of arms, she has two tree branches.
• besőm ðééa d̬ő ża̋vos eȝús o e̋sa:

bes-őm	ðééa	d̬ő	ża̋v-os	eȝ-ús	o	e̋s-a
arm-G.p	instead.of	two	branch-N.p	3-G.s	to	be-IND

• 5. The workers are eating oranges, not pears.
• da̋a̋rlus naara̋ngonɛ ne k̨orte̋mon e̋dantus vűűa:

da̋a̋r-l-us	naara̋ng-on=ɛ	ne	k̨orte̋m-on	e̋d-a-nt-us	vűű-a
work-AG-N.p	orange-A.p=EPEN	not	pear-A.p	eat-IND-AP-N.p	be-IND

• 6A. I'll only drive if it starts to rain.
• m' u-a̋ṡa. ebátu sűűm̃u tőda:

m-'	u=a̋ṡ-a	ebátu	sűűm̃-u	tőd-a
1s-ELIS	FUT=drive- IND	only.if	rain-SUP	start-IND

• 6B. I'll drive if it starts to rain.
• ébi sűűm̃u tőda. toári m' u-a̋ṡa:

ébi	sűűm̃-u	tőd-a	toári	m-'	u=a̋ṡ-a
if	rain-SUP	start-IND	then	1s-ELIS	FUT=drive-IND

• 6C. I'll drive (as a precaution) should it start to rain.
• ébi sűűm̃u tőda. toári. n̨oofzeemős épa. m' u-a̋ṡa:

ébi	sűűm̃-u	tőd-a	toári	n̨oof.zeem-ős	épa	m='	u=a̋ṡ-a
if	rain-SUP	start-IND	then	before.warn-G.s	as	1s=ELIS	FUT=drive-IND

• 7. The fisherman fell headfirst and died on impact.
• miine̋stɛlu niimþúntu e-főőla. da tuugős éna e-ne̋ṡa:

miin-e̋st-ɛ-l-u	niim.þúnt=u	e=főől-a	da	tuug-ős	éna	e=ne̋ṡ-a
fish-AG-TRZ-EPEN-AG-N.s	head.first=ADV	PST=fall-IND	and	impact-G.s	on	PST=die-IND

• 8. The chimpanzee has his tail pointed toward the table.
• ṡimpanze̋s pőɫo serős do sűűta:

ṡimpanz-e̋s	pőɫ-o	ser-ős	do	sűűt-a
chimpanzee-G.s	tail-N.s	table-G.s	toward	point-IND

• 9. I want a mountain woman.
• mu ǧarǧe̋num m̃e̋ṡa:

m-u	ǧar.ǧe̋n-um	m̃e̋ṡ-a
1s-N	mountain.woman-A.s	want-IND

• 10. A flock of birds was flying about in the grove.
• m̃eȝı̋ȝo sűmhom vóóa pe̋tanto e-vűűa:

m̃eȝ-ı̋ȝ-o	sűmh-om	vóóa	pe̋t-a-nt-o	e=vűű-a
bird-COL-N.s	grove-A.s	about	fly-IND-AP-N.s.	PST=be-IND

Senjecas - Ithkuil Test Sentences 11-20