Yorkish/lexicon: Difference between revisions
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===Aa=== | ===Aa=== | ||
*'''abak''' /a'pak/ ''adv.'', ''prep.'' behind, at the back | |||
*'''afor''' /a'fɒr/ ''adv.'', ''prep.'' before, in front of | |||
*'''aikarn''' /'ɛakərn/ ''n.'' acorn | |||
*'''amil(l)''' /a'mɪl/ ''prep.'' between, among | |||
*'''anner''' (var. '''annar''', '''annen''' /anɪn/, '''ander''' /antər/) /anər/ ''det.'' other, another; second; different; reciprocal pronominal modifier | |||
*'''annar''' (var. '''anner''', '''annen''' /anɪn/, '''ander''' /antər/) /anər/ ''pron.'' someone else, another thing | |||
*'''annat''' (var. '''andat''' /antɪt/) /anɪt/ ''pron.'' something else, another thing | |||
*'''ans''' (var. '''in(n)s''' /ɪns/) /ans~ɪns/ ''conj.'' nor, and not; neither | |||
*'''at''' /ə/ ''part.'' infinitival marker, relative marker, indirect discourse marker; "that … " | *'''at''' /ə/ ''part.'' infinitival marker, relative marker, indirect discourse marker; "that … " | ||
*'''at''' (vars. '''that''', '''hat''') /(h)at~ət/ ''pron. dem. med.'' that | *'''at''', '''thaener''' (vars. '''that''', '''hat''', '''tho''' /θʊə/) /(h)at~ət/, /'θɛanər/ ''pron. dem. med.'' that | ||
*'''at''' (vars. '''that''', '''hat'''), '''ats''' /(h)at~ət/, /əts/ ''pron. pers. 3nsg.'' it, its | *'''at''' (vars. '''that''', '''hat'''), '''ats''' /(h)at~ət/, /əts/ ''pron. pers. 3nsg.'' it, its | ||
*'''aul(l)''' (var. '''all''') /ɒːl/ ''det.'', ''adv.'' every, all of; emphatic element after interrogatives | |||
*'''aullan''' (var. '''allan''', '''aullen''') /'ɒːlɪn/ ''pron.'' everyone, all of them | |||
*'''aullat''' (var. '''allat''', '''aullet''') /'ɒːlɪt/ ''pron.'' everything, all of that, it, these, those | |||
*'''aweʒ''' /a'wei/ ''adv.'', ''adj.'' away, hence; en route, on the way; gone | |||
===Bb=== | ===Bb=== | ||
*'''bae''' (var. '''ba(e)then''' /pεaθɪn/) /pεa/ ''det.'', ''pron.'' both, each of two | |||
*'''bank''' /pank/ ''n.'' (river, lake, water) bank; elevation, hill, slope | |||
*'''bar''' (var. '''bair''' /pεar/) /par/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' bare, naked; plain, simple, pure; simply, just | |||
*'''at beithe''', '''beiths''', '''bett''' (var. '''weithe''' /weːθ/, '''weitt''' /weːt/) /peːθ/, /pεt/ ''v.'' to hunt, fish | |||
*'''at beuthe''', '''beuths''', '''bouth''', '''boutt''' (var. '''bithes''' /pεiθs/, '''bott''' /pɒt/) /pʏəθ/, /pʊəθ/, /pʊət/ ''v.'' to offer, bid; to invite | |||
*'''bie''' /pεi/ (var. '''by''') ''n.'' town, city | |||
*'''big''' /pɪk/ ''n.'' bug, insect | |||
*'''at bigʒe''', '''bigʒs''', '''biʒt''' (var. '''bygʒe''') /pɪc/, /pɪçt/ ''v.'' to build, construct | |||
*'''at birre''', '''birrs''', '''birrt''' (var. '''byrre''') /pɪr/, /pɪrt/ ''v.'' to begin, start | |||
*'''at bithe''', '''bithes''', '''beithe''', '''bitt''' (var. '''bie''' /pεi/) /pεiθ/, /peːθ/, /pɪt/ ''v.'' to wait; to abide, suffer | |||
*'''at bithe''', '''biths''', '''bathe''', '''bett''' (var. '''bithʒe''') /pɪθ/, /pεaθ/, /pεt/ ''v.'' to ask, request; to beg, plead; to pray | |||
*'''bluith''' /plʏəθ/ ''n.'' blood; offspring, family, dynasty | |||
*'''at boue''', '''bies''', '''bue''', '''buin''' (var. '''bye''', '''bous''', '''buit''') /pʊə/, /pεis/, /pʏə/, /pʏən/ ''v.'' to live, abide, reside, dwell; to prepare | |||
*'''braw''' (var. '''bra''') /prɒː/ ''adj.'' good, fine, agreeable | |||
*'''breve''' (var. '''bref''') /prɪəf/ ''n.'' letter, correspondence | |||
*'''brither''' (var. '''brir''' /prɪər/, '''bruither''' /'prʏθər/, '''bruir''' /prʏər/) /'prɪθər/ ''n.'' brother | |||
*'''buik''' /pʏək/ ''n.'' book; beech (tree and wood) | |||
===Cc=== | ===Cc=== | ||
*'''at cenne''', '''cens''', '''cent''' /cçεn/, /cçεnt/ | *'''at ceike''', '''ceiks''', '''ceikt''' /cçəik/, /cçəit/ ''v.'' to look, peek | ||
*'''cei''' /cçeː ''adv.'' never; usually dispreferred in favour of plain '''ei''', but may be used when in emphasis | |||
*'''at cenne''', '''cens''', '''cent''' /cçεn/, /cçεnt/ ''v.'' to know, recognise; to feel, perceive | |||
*'''cere''' /cçɪər/ ''adj.'' (lit.) dear, beloved | |||
*'''cet''' (var. '''cett''') /cçεt/ ''n.'' meat | |||
*'''cir''' (var. '''cyrr''') /cçɪr/ ''adj.'' calm, relaxed | |||
*'''at cirre''', '''cirs''', '''cirt''' (var. '''cyrre''') /cçɪr/, /cçɪrt/ ''v.'' to calm, pacify; (refl.) to become calm, calm down | |||
*'''at cisse''', '''cisses''', '''cist''' (var. '''cysse''') /cçɪs/, /cçɪsɪs/, /cçɪst/ ''v.'' to kiss | |||
*'''at cuise''', '''cuises''', '''kous''', '''kousen''' (var. '''cuist''' /cçʏəst/) /cçʏəs/, /cçʏəsɪs/, /kʰʊəs/, /kʰʊəsɪn/ ''v.'' to choose; to elect, vote for; to prefer, favour | |||
===Dd=== | ===Dd=== | ||
*'''at dreppe''', '''dreps''', '''drept''' /trεp/, /trεt/ | *'''daw''' (var. '''daʒ''', '''deʒ''' /tei/) /tɒː/ ''n.'' day | ||
*'''at deiʒe''', '''deis''', '''duit''', '''dout''' (var. '''dain''' /tɛan/) /tei/, /teːs/, /tʏət/, /tʊət/ ''v.'' to die | |||
*'''dout''' (var. '''douth''' /tʊəθ/) /tʊət/ ''adj.'' dead, deceased | |||
*'''at dreppe''', '''dreps''', '''drept''' /trεp/, /trεt/ ''v.'' to kill, murder | |||
*'''at druccen''', '''druccens''', '''druccent''' (var. '''druicne''') /trʏcɪn/, /trʏcɪnt/ ''v.'' to drown | |||
===Ee=== | ===Ee=== | ||
*'''at ette''', '''ets''', '''et''' /εt/ ''v.'' to eat | *'''efter''' /εftər/ ''adv.'', ''prep.'' after, later in time; behind | ||
*'''at ettle''', '''ettles''', '''ettlet''' /εtəl/, /εtəlt/ ''v.'' to try; to intend, mean | *'''ei''', (before vowels) '''en''' (vars. '''en''', '''et''', '''nei''' esp. in set phrases) /eː()n~ə(n)/ ''det.'' indefinite article; a, an | ||
*'''ei''' (var. '''a(e)''' /ɛa/) /eː/ ''adv.'' always, ever | |||
*'''els''' (var. '''ells''', '''eller''' /εlər/) /εls/ ''conj.'' or; or else, otherwise | |||
*'''end''' /εnt/ ''n.'' end, conclusion; point; the rear end, bottom, arse, ass | |||
*'''ennae''' /ε'nεa/ ''adv.'', ''conj.'' however; although | |||
*'''ether''' /εθər/ ''n.'' vein, sinew | |||
*'''at ette''', '''ets''', '''et''' (var. '''ete''' /ɪət/ esp. for present tense) /εt/ ''v.'' to eat | |||
*'''at ettle''', '''ettles''', '''ettlet''' /εtəl/, /εtəlt/ ''v.'' to try; to intend, mean | |||
===Ff=== | ===Ff=== | ||
*'''faʒr''' (var. '''feʒr''', '''fair''') /feːr/ ''adj.'' fair, beautiful, pretty | |||
*'''at falle''', '''falls''', '''fell''', '''fellt''' /fal/, /fεl/, /fεlt/ ''v.'' to fall, drop; to die, perish; to fit | |||
*'''fast''' /fast/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' secure, firm, fixed; quick | |||
*'''father''' (var. '''far''' /fɒːr/) /'faθər/ ''n.'' father, dad | |||
*'''feilaw''' /fəilə/ ''n.'' partnership; company, organisation | |||
*'''at feithe''', '''feiths''', '''fett''' (var. '''fethe''' /fεθ/, '''feitt''' /fəit/) /fəiθ/, /fεt/ ''v.'' to feed, rear, bring up; to give birth (to) | |||
*'''feʒ''' /fei/ ''adj.'' fey, strange, otherworldly; foreign, unfamiliar; weird, odd | |||
*'''fella''' (var. '''feila''' /fəilə/, '''feilaʒ''') /fεlə/ ''n.'' friend, comrade, partner | |||
*'''at felle''', '''fells''', '''fellt''' /fεl/, /fεlt/ ''v.'' to make fall, fell, drop; to shed (tears, bark, etc.); to kill, slay | |||
*'''at finne''', '''fins''', '''fan''', '''fund''' /fɪn/, /fan/, /fʊnt/ ''v.'' to find, discover; feel, sense | |||
*'''at fille''', '''fills''', '''fillt''' (var. '''fylle''') /fɪl/, /fɪlt/ ''v.'' to fill; fulfill, complete | |||
*'''fisc''' /fɪsc/ ''n.'' fish; flesh of a fish | |||
*'''at flie''', '''flies''', '''flout''' (var. '''fliʒe''', '''flowt''') /flεi/, /fluːt/ ''v.'' to flee, run away, escape; avoid, abstain (from smth.) | |||
*'''fluit''' (var. '''fleut''') /flʏət/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' quick, fast, swift | |||
*'''for''' /fɒr/ ''prep.'' for (one's benefit, goal, cause); so to, in order to | |||
*'''forsake''' (var. '''forsaik'''; often paired with '''o''' when used as a prep.) /fɒrsɛak/ ''prep.'', ''conj.'' for the sake of, on behalf of; for such a sake, a cause; because, since | |||
*'''forth''' /fɒrθ/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' out of, from; forth, forward; outside | |||
*'''forthi''' /fɒrθi/ ''conj.'' because, since | |||
*'''forwi''' (var. '''forwith''' /fɒrwɪt/ ) /fɒrwi/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' besides, in addition (to), also; furthermore, moreover | |||
*'''frae''' (var. '''fra''', '''fre''') /frεa~frə/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' from, away from | |||
*'''fram''' (var. '''frem''' /frεm/) /fram/ ''adv.'' forward, forth; (w/ combining prep.) up to | |||
*'''fremae''' /frε'mεa/ ''adv.'' forward, onward | |||
*'''frend''' /frεnt/ ''n.'' kinsman, relative; cousin | |||
===Gg=== | ===Gg=== | ||
*'''at ganne''', '''gans''', '''gent''' (vars. '''gange''' /kaŋ/, '''gek''' /cεk/) /kan/, /cεnt/ ''v.'' to | *'''gammel''' /kaməl/ ''adj.'' old, elderly | ||
*'''at ganne''', '''gans''', '''gent''' (vars. '''gange''' /kaŋ/, '''gae''' /cɛa/, '''gek''' /cεk/) /kan/, /cεnt/ ''v.'' to go, walk; fare; be fitting | |||
*'''gate''' (vars. '''giate''', '''gait''') /cεat/ ''n.'' path, road; way; a walk | |||
*'''at geime''', '''geims''', '''gemt''' /ceːm/, /cε[mn]t/ ''v.'' to keep safe, preserve; to hide, keep hidden | |||
*'''at giare''', '''giar''', '''gis''', '''gi''', '''gin''' (vars. '''gʒare''', '''giars''', '''giarth''', '''giarn''') /car/, /cɪs/, /cɪt/, /cɪn/ ''v.'' to do, perform; make; auxiliary verb (esp. in negations and questions) | |||
*'''at gie''', '''gies''', '''giae''', '''gin''' (vars. '''ge(e)''', '''gae''') /cɪə/, /cεa/, /cɪn/ ''v.'' to give | |||
*'''gin''' /cɪn/ ''conj.'' if, whether | *'''gin''' /cɪn/ ''conj.'' if, whether | ||
*'''glas''' /klas/ ''n.'' glass (material, vessel) | |||
*'''glath''' /klaθ/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' glad, happy, content | |||
*'''grad''' /krat/ ''n.'' degree, level, grade | |||
*'''grein''' /kreːn/ ''n.'' branch; bough | |||
*'''grim''' /krɪm/ ''adj.'' mean, nasty; grumpy, ill-tempered | |||
*'''grund''' /krʊnt/ ''n.'' ground, land; foundation, base | |||
*'''guth''' (var. '''goth''' /kɒθ/) /kʊθ/ ''n.'' god, deity; (Christian) God; (Islam) Allah | |||
*'''guith''' /cʏəθ/ ''adj.'' good, righteous, honest; kind, friendly; gifted, skilled; fine, well | |||
===Hh=== | ===Hh=== | ||
*'''han''', ''' | *'''hale''' /çεal/ ''n.'' tail, brush | ||
*'''han''', '''hun''', '''hans''' /han~ʏn/, /ɪns/ ''pron. pers. 3msg.'' he, him, his | |||
*'''harthle''' (var. '''harth''' /harθ/, '''harl''' /harɪl/) /harθɪl/ ''adv.'' very, greatly | |||
*'''at haulde''', '''haulds''', '''helt''' (var. '''haulle''' /hɒːl/) /hɒlt/, /hɒls/, /çεlt/ ''v.'' to hold, keep; protect; endure | |||
*'''at have''', '''ha''', '''has''', '''hat''' (var. '''hae''' /hεa/) /hɒː~hεa/, /ha/, /has/, /ha(t)/ ''v.'' to have, hold; keep, maintain; bring, carry; feel, fare; perfect auxiliary verb | |||
*'''heʒre''' /çeːr/ ''n.'', ''adj.'' right (direction) | |||
*'''at heire''', '''heirs''', '''hert''' /çeːr/, /çεrt/ ''v.'' to hear, listen | *'''at heire''', '''heirs''', '''hert''' /çeːr/, /çεrt/ ''v.'' to hear, listen | ||
*'''at helpe''', '''helps''', '''helpt''' /çεlp/, /çεlt/ ''v.'' to help, assist | *'''at helpe''', '''helps''', '''helpt''' /çεlp/, /çεlt/ ''v.'' to help, assist | ||
*''' | *'''himmen''' (var. '''himmin''') /'çɪmɪn/ ''n.'' the sky, the heavens; (Christian) Heaven, Paradise | ||
*'''hwae''', '''hwem''', ''' | *'''at hitte''', '''hits''', '''hit''' /çɪt/ ''v.'' to hit, strike; to find | ||
*'''hwar''' /ʍar/ ''int. adv.'' where | *'''hous''' (var. '''hows''') /huːs/ ''n.'' house, home | ||
*'''houth''' (var. '''howth''') /hʊəθ/ ''n.'' head; mind; top, end | |||
*'''huil''' (var. '''heul''') /çʏəl/ ''n.'' wheel, tire | |||
*'''hwae''', '''hwem''', '''hwaes''' (var. '''hwar''') /ʍɛa/, /ʍɛm/, /ʍɛas/ ''int. pron.'' who, whom, whose | |||
*'''hwan''' (var. '''hwen''' /ʍɛn/) /ʍan/ ''int. adv.'' when; after | |||
*'''hwar''' (var. '''hwair''' /ʍɛar/) /ʍar/ ''int. adv.'' where | |||
*'''hwarniʒ''' /'ʍarni/ ''int. adv.'' why, how | *'''hwarniʒ''' /'ʍarni/ ''int. adv.'' why, how | ||
*'''hwat''' /ʍat/ ''int. pron.'' what | *'''hwat''' /ʍat/ ''int. pron.'' what | ||
*'''hwilk''' /ʍɪlk/ ''int. det.'', ''pron.'' which, who | |||
===Ii=== | ===Ii=== | ||
*'''iaften''' (var. '''i aften''', '''ʒaften''', '''ʒafen''' /'jafɪn/) /i'aftɪn/ ''adv.'', ''n.'' last night, yesterday evening | |||
*'''idaw''' (var. '''i daw''', '''i deʒ''' /i'tei/) /i'tɒː/ ''adv.'', ''n.'' today | |||
*'''ien''' (var. '''ikken''') /ɪən/ ''pron. neg. anm.'' no one, nobody | |||
*'''iet''' (var. '''ikket''') /ɪət/ ''pron. neg. inan.'' nothing | |||
*'''igiar''' (var. '''i giar''', '''i gar''' /i'kɒːr/) /i'cɪər/ ''adv.'', ''n.'' yesterday | |||
*'''ill''' /ɪl/ ''adj.'' bad, evil, unkind; unlucky | |||
*'''ilk''' (var. '''eilk''') /ɪlk/ ''det.'', ''adv.'' each, every; one by one | |||
*'''ik''' (var. '''ik''') /ɪk/ ''adv.'' no, not | |||
*'''ik''', (denoting persons) '''inn''' (vars. '''e(i)ʒ''' /eː/, '''ingen''' /ɪŋkɪn/, '''int''' /ɪnt/) /ɪk/, /ɪn/ ''pron. neg. det.'' no, not any | |||
*'''imoren''' (var. '''i moren''', '''i morgen''') /i'mɒrɪn/ ''adv.'', ''n.'' tomorrow | |||
*'''i''', (before vowels) '''in''' /i/, /ɪn/ ''prep.'' in, into; in, for (a time, duration) | |||
*'''in''' /ɪn/ ''adv.'' in, inwards | |||
*'''inou''' (var. '''inwi''' /ɪnwi/) /ɪn[ʊə]/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' within, inside | |||
*'''ithrae''' (var. '''i thrae''', '''ithrai''') /i'θrɛa/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' in spite of, despite; in defiance of, against all odds | |||
===Ʒʒ=== | ===Ʒʒ=== | ||
*'''ʒe''', '''me''' /jɪə~jə/, / | *'''ʒae''' /jεa/ ''adv.'', ''intj.'' yes, yea | ||
*'''ʒe''', '''me''' /jɪə~jə/, /məi~mə/ ''pron. pers. 1sg.'' I, me, my | |||
*'''ʒer''' (var. ʒair /jɛar/) /jeːr/ ''n.'' year | |||
*'''ʒer''' (var. ʒather /jɛaθər/) /jeːr/ ''adj.'' ''adv.'' (rare, in set phrases, compounds) early; already, before, earlier, ere | |||
*'''ʒi''', '''ʒer''' (vars. '''ʒe''' /jəi/, '''ther''' /θər/) /jɛi/, /jər~ɪər/ ''pron. pers. 2pl.'' you, your | |||
*'''ʒnew''' (var. '''ʒneu''', '''neu/w''') /nɪu/ ''adv.'' enough, abundant, sufficient | |||
===Kk=== | ===Kk=== | ||
*'''at kunne''', '''kan''', '''kun''', '''kunt''' /kʰʊn/, /kʰan/, /kʰʊn/, /kʰʊnt/ ''v.'' to know; to be able, can, know how to; to be possible, likely; may | *'''kannur''' (var. '''kanwar''' /kʰanwar/) /kʰan[ʊə]r/ ''adv.'' maybe, perhaps | ||
*'''at kaste''', '''kasts''', '''kastet''' /kʰast/, /kʰass/, /kʰastɪt/ ''v.'' to cast, throw, toss; throw away, discard | |||
*'''kemmi''' (var. '''cemmi''' /'cçɛmi/) /'kʰ(w)[ɛə]mi~'cçɛmi/ ''n.'' a Kemmi; a wandering Copt | |||
*'''at klivver''', '''klivvers''', '''klivvert''' (var. '''klivvre''') /kʰlɪfər/, /kʰlɪfərt/ ''v.'' to climb, clamber | |||
*'''at komme''', '''koms''', '''kom''', '''komt''' (var. '''cem''' /cçɛm/) /kʰɒm/, /kʰɒmt/ ''v.'' to come, arrive | |||
*'''koss''' (var. '''ciss''' /cçɪs/) /kʰɒs/ ''n.'' kiss | |||
*'''at koupe''', '''koups''', '''ceft''' (var. '''kowpe''', '''koppe''' /kʰɒp/) /kʰʊəp/, /cçεft/ ''v.'' to buy, purchase; to barter, trade; (rare) to haggle, bargain for | |||
*'''at kunne''', '''kan''', '''kun''', '''kunt''' /kʰʊn/, /kʰan/, /kʰʊn/, /kʰʊnt/ ''v.'' to know; to be able, can, know how to; to be possible, likely; may | |||
===Ll=== | ===Ll=== | ||
*'''at l(e) | *'''at legʒe''', '''legʒs''', '''lauth''', '''laut''' (var. '''legge''', '''lauthen''' /lɒːθɪn/) /lɛc/, /lɒːθ/, /lɒːt/ ''v.'' to lay, put, set; to lay down (rules, an order), settle (a dispute) | ||
*'''at leipe''', '''leips''', '''loupt''' (var. '''loupe''' /lʊəp/, '''luip(t)''' /lʏə[pt]/) /leːp/, /lʊət/ ''v.'' to jump, leap; to sprint, gallop, dash | |||
*'''at l(e)iʒe''', '''liʒs''', '''lout''' (var. '''lewe''' /lɪu/, '''luit''' /lʏət/) /lɛi/, /lʊət/ ''v.'' to lie, deceive | |||
*'''lift''' (var. '''left''' /lɛft/) /lɪft/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' left, remaining | |||
*'''at ligʒe''', '''ligʒs''', '''lae''', '''lein''' (var. '''ligge''') /lɪc/, /lɛa/, /leːn/ ''v.'' to lie, lie down; to be located in | |||
*'''little''' (var. '''littel''', '''lit''' /lɪt/ esp. when used as a determiner or adverbially) /lɪtɪl/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'', ''det.'' little, small (in size, amount, quantity); to a small extent; a small amount or number of, few | |||
*'''at liste''', '''lists''', '''listet''' (var. '''lyst''') /lɪst/, /lɪss/, /lɪstɪt/ ''v.'' to desire, want; to like, love | |||
*'''luith''' /lʏəθ/ ''n.'' song, poem | |||
===Mm=== | ===Mm=== | ||
*'''man''', '''men''' /man/, /mɛn/ ''n.'' man, person | |||
*'''mat''' /mat/ ''n.'' food, a type of food; a meal | |||
*'''at matte''', '''ma(w)''', '''mat''' (var. '''motte''' /mɒt/, '''mawe''' /mɒː/, '''meʒe''' /mei/ esp. in lit. contexts) /mat/, /mɒː/, /mat/ ''v.'' to be allowed to, be permitted, may; (rare) to be able to | |||
*'''mark''' /mark/ ''n.'' (slang) horse | |||
*'''marken''' (var. '''market''' /markɪt/) /markɪn/ ''n.'' market(s), shop(s); (slang) horse auction | |||
*'''at meite''', '''meits''', '''met''' (var. '''mitte''' /mɪt/) /məit/, /mɛt/ ''v.'' to meet (smn); to meet with (some fate) | |||
*'''meir''' (var. '''mer''') /meːr/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'', ''det.'' bigger, greater; more; used in accompaniment with comparative forms, or to solely indicate the comparative sense | |||
*'''at melle''', '''mells''', '''melt''' (var. '''mele''' /mɪəl/, '''mille''' /mɪl/) /mɛl/, /mɛlt/ ''v.'' to speak, utter, talk | |||
*'''mennesk''' /mɛnɪs(k)/ ''n.'' human being, man; person | |||
*'''merk''' /mɛrk/ ''adj.'' black, dark | |||
*'''merk''' /mɛrk/ ''n.'' night, darkness | |||
*'''mikkle''' (var. '''mikkel''', '''mik''' /mɪk/) /mɪkɪl/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'', ''det.'' big, great (in size, amount, quantity); to a great extent; a great amount or number of, many | |||
*'''mi''' (var. '''mith''') /mi~mɪt/ ''prep.'' with (in company of), by (means, manner, vehicle) | |||
*'''mither''' (var. '''mir''' /mɪər/, '''muither''' /'mʏθər/, '''muir''' /mʏər/) /'mɪθər/ ''n.'' mother, mum, mam | |||
===Nn=== | ===Nn=== | ||
*'''nat''' (var. '''natt''', '''net''' /nɛt/) /nat/ ''n.'' night | |||
*'''neer''' (var. '''ner''', '''nether''' /nɪθər/) /nɪər/ ''adv.'', ''prep.'' down, downwards, lower | |||
*'''nei''' (var. '''neʒ''') /neː/ ''adv.'', ''intj.'' no, nay; never | |||
*'''neir''' (var. '''ner''') /neːr/ ''adv.'', ''prep.'' near, nearby, towards; nearly, almost | |||
*'''niʒe''' (var. '''nie''') /nɛi/ ''adj.'' new, recent | |||
*'''at nitte''', '''nitts''', '''nittet''' (var. '''nytte''', '''nytʒe''', '''neute''' /nʏət/) /nɪt/, /nɪtɪt/ ''v.'' to use, employ; to be of use, useful; to need, have need for | |||
*'''noe''' (var. '''nok''') /nʊə/ ''pron. indef. adj.'' some, any | |||
*'''noen''' (var. '''nokken''') /nʊən/ ''pron. indef. anm.'' someone, somebody; anyone, anybody | |||
*'''noet''' (var. '''nokket''') /nʊət/ ''pron. indef. inan.'' something; anything | |||
*'''nou''' (var. '''now''') /nu:/ ''adv.'' now, at this moment | |||
===Oo=== | ===Oo=== | ||
*'''o''' (var. '''aw''', '''a''' /a~ə/) /ɒ:~ə/ ''prep.'' of, from, out of; of (some amount) | |||
*'''oer''' (var. '''eir''' /əir/) /ʊər/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' over, above; across | |||
*'''oʒ''' (var. '''ow''', '''og''') /ʊə~ɒ/ ''conj.'' and, also | |||
*'''oʒsa''' (var. '''osso''', '''oʒsae''' /ɒ'sɛa/) /ɒ'sɒː/ ''adv.'' also, in addition, as well, too | |||
*'''oʒsa''' (var. '''also''', '''alsau''' /ɒl'sɒː/) /ɒ'sɒː/ ''adv.'' too, excessively | |||
*'''out''' (var. '''ut''' /ʊt/) /uːt/ ''prep.'', ''adv.'' out, out of; except, besides; outside | |||
===Pp=== | ===Pp=== | ||
*'''pae''', (before vowels) '''pen''' (var. '''uppae''' /ʊ'pʰɛa/) /pʰɛa/, /pʰɛn/ ''prep.'' on, upon, onto; on (horseback, vehicle); by, beside; at (a time of day); (+prs. part) about to, just at the point of; while, as | |||
*'''at prinne''', '''prins''', '''print''' /pʰrɪn/, /pʰrɪnt/ ''v.'' (slang) to buy, barter; to haggle | |||
===Rr=== | ===Rr=== | ||
*'''at rathe''', '''rathes''', '''reith''', '''rett''' /rɛaθ/, /rəiθ/, /rɛt/ ''v.'' to advise, decide; to rule, command; to read, understand, explain | |||
*'''at reice''', '''reics''', '''reict''' (var. '''recce''' /rɛc/) /reːc/, /reːt/ ''v.'' to fill with smoke, incense; to preserve, dry (food) with smoke; to pacify (bees) with smoke | |||
*'''ret''' (var. '''rit''' /rɪt/, '''reit''' /rəit/) ''adj.'' straight; right, correct; (proscribed) of the right hand | |||
*'''at reuke''', '''reuks''', '''rouk''', '''roukt''' (var. '''ruike''' /rʏək/, '''rike''' /rɛik/) /rɪʊk/, /rʊək/, /rʊət/ ''v.'' to smoke, reek, stink, emit fumes; to inhale smoke (tobacco, etc.) | |||
*'''rever''' (var. '''reffer''' /rɛfər/) /rɪəfər/ ''n.'' (arch.) fox | |||
*'''rig''' /rɪk/ ''n.'' back, ridge | |||
===Ss=== | ===Ss=== | ||
*'''sae''' (var. '''swae''' /swɛa~sɒː/) /sɛa/ ''adv.'', ''conj.'' to such an extent, in such a manner; so that, for such a reason; (in Scan. fashion; lit., form.) then, next | |||
*'''sakert''' /'sakərt/ ''n.'' (Catholic) priest | *'''sakert''' /'sakərt/ ''n.'' (Catholic) priest | ||
*'''sam''' /sam~səm/ ''part.'' like, as | *'''sam''' /sam~səm/ ''part.'' like, as | ||
*'''at see''', '''sees''', '''saw''', '''sein''' /sɪə/, /sɒː/, / | *'''-samen''' (var. '''-saman''') /-samɪn/ ''pron. suffix'' -(so)ever; for use with interrogative pronouns: an emphatic or indefinite suffix | ||
*''' | *'''at sasse''', '''sasses''', '''sasst''' (var. '''sʒasse''' /ɕas/) /sas/, /sast/ ''v.'' (slang; Kemmi) to chat, talk, mutter | ||
*'''at scathe''', '''scathes''', '''scett''' (var. '''sc[ae]ithe''' /sceːθ/) /scɛaθ/, /scɛt/ ''v.'' to hurt, damage smth. | |||
*'''at scille''', '''scills''', '''scilt''' /scɪl/, /scɪlt/ ''v.'' to understand, comprehend; discern, tell apart, distinguish | |||
*'''at scippe''', '''scips''', '''scipt''' /scɪp/, /scɪt/ ''v.'' to arrange, put in order | |||
*'''see''' (var. '''sei''' /səi/) /sɪə/ ''n.'' sea, ocean; any large body of water, lake | |||
*'''at see''', '''sees''', '''saw''', '''sein''' /sɪə/, /sɒː/, /səin/ ''v.'' to see | |||
*'''at seike''', '''seiks''', '''suit''' (var. '''sikke''' /sɪk/) /səik/, /sʏət/ ''v.'' to seek, look for; to try, have a go | |||
*'''at seʒe''', '''seʒs''', '''saut''' /sei/, /sɒːt/ ''v.'' to say, tell | |||
*'''at selle''', '''sells''', '''selt''' (var. '''selʒe''') /sɛl/, /sɛlt/ ''v.'' to sell; to hand over, deliver | |||
*'''sent''' /sɛnt/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' late, near the end; recently, not long ago | |||
*'''at sette''', '''sets''', '''sat''' (var. '''setʒe''') /sɛt/, /sat/ ''v.'' to seat, set, place, put; to set up, establish; to set, go down | |||
*'''sikker''' /'sɪkər/ ''adj.'', ''adv.'' sure, certain | |||
*'''siller''' (var. '''silver''' /sɪlfər/) /'sɪlər/ ''n.'' silver; money, cash; coin(s), change | |||
*'''sister''' (var. '''syster''', '''sir''' /sɪər/) /'sɪstər/ ''n.'' sister | |||
*'''sithe''' /sɛiθ/ ''n.'' side, edge, surface | |||
*'''sʒen''' (var. '''sen''' /sɛn/) /ɕɛn/ ''n.'' self; reflexive pronominal suffix | |||
*'''sʒo''', '''hen''', '''hens''' (var. '''sʒon''') /ʃʏ(ə)/, /ən/, /ɪns/ ''pron. pers. 3fsg.'' she, her | |||
*'''skant''' (var. '''skam''' /skam/) /skant/ ''adj.'' short in distance or height; short in time, brief; short in supply, scarce, meager | |||
*'''skou''' (var. '''skow''') /skʊə/ ''n.'' forest, wood | |||
*'''at skrive''', '''skrives''', '''skrievt''' /skrɛif/, /skrɛift/ ''v.'' to write | *'''at skrive''', '''skrives''', '''skrievt''' /skrɛif/, /skrɛift/ ''v.'' to write | ||
*'''at skulle''', '''ska(l)''', '''sci(l)d''' /skʊl/, /skɒː~skə/, /scɪt/ ''v.'' future auxiliary verb; shall, will; (past tense) conditional auxiliary verb; should, would; must | *'''at skulle''', '''ska(l)''', '''sci(l)d''' /skʊl/, /skɒː~skə/, /scɪt/ ''v.'' future auxiliary verb; shall, will; (past tense) conditional auxiliary verb; should, would; must | ||
*'''slik''' /slɪk/ ''det.'' such; like this, like that | |||
*'''spele''' (var. '''speel''') /spɪəl/ ''n.'' story, tale; talk, gossip | |||
*'''at spirre''', '''spirs''', '''spirt''' /spɪr/, /spɪrt/ ''v.'' to ask, inquire, request | |||
*'''at stae''', '''steis''', '''stuith''', '''staun''' (var. '''staune''' /stɒːn/, '''staes''' /stɛas/, '''stathen''' /staθɪn/) /stɛa/, /steːs/, /stʏəθ/, /stɒːn/ ''v.'' to stand, be standing; (usu. with '''up''') to stand up, get up | |||
*'''at stire''', '''stires''', '''stirt''' (var. '''styre''') /stɛir/, /stɪrt/ ''v.'' to steer, control; rule, govern | |||
*'''at stinge''', '''stings''', '''stang''' /stɪnk/, /stank/ ''v.'' to stab, sting, prick; pierce, strike (w/ sharp instr.) | |||
*'''at stoppe''', '''stops''', '''stopt''' /stɒp/, /stɒt/ ''v.'' to stop, halt, cease | |||
*'''at strithe''', '''strithes''', '''stritt''' /strɛiθ/, /strɪt/ ''v.'' to fight; to strive against; (+for) to fight for, argue for | |||
*'''sulten''' (var. '''suilten''', '''silten''' /sɪltɪn/) /sʏltɪn/ ''adj.'' hungry | |||
*'''at sweffe''', '''swefs''', '''swaft''' (var. '''soufe''', '''sove''' /sʊəf/) /swɛf/, /swaft/ ''v.'' to sleep | |||
*'''at swimme''', '''swims''', '''swam''' /swɪm/, /swam/ ''v.'' to swim | |||
===Tt=== | ===Tt=== | ||
*'''the''' /θə~t/ '' | *'''taffi''' /'tʰafi/ ''n.'' fox; a Cumbrian | ||
*'''til(l)''' /tʰɪl/ ''prep.'' to, at, towards | *'''at tale''', '''tals''', '''tault''' (vars. '''talle''' /tʰal/, '''taulle''' /tʰɒːl/) /tʰɛal/, /tʰals/, /tʰɒːlt/ ''v.'' to speak, talk; to record, tell, recount; (+prep) speak to, talk to | ||
*'''at tekke''', '''teks''', '''tuik''', '''teken''' (var. '''takke''' /tʰak/) /tʰɛk/, /tʰʏək/, /tʰɪəkən/ ''v.'' to take, get, bring; catch, hold; steal, snatch | |||
*'''tha''' (vars. '''thou''' /θuː/, '''the''') /θɒː~θəi~θə/ ''pron. pers. 2sg.'' you, yours; thou, thee, thy | |||
*'''thae''' (vars. '''tha''' /θɒː/) /θɛa/ ''adv.'' at that time; then, next in sequence (of events, ordering); also, besides | |||
*'''the''' (vars. '''then''', '''thet''') /θə~t/ ''det.'' definite article; the | |||
*'''thei''' (vars. '''thae''' /θɛa~θɪə/), '''(th)em''', '''ther''' /θeː/, /(θ)ɪm/, /θeːr~θər/ ''pron. pers. 3pl.'' they, them, their | |||
*'''at thinke''', '''thinks''', '''thot''' /θɪnk/, /θɒt/ ''v.'' to seem, appear; (oft. +refl.) to seem to oneself, think, suppose, have such an opinion that | |||
*'''at thirve''', '''thar(f)''', '''thirt''' (var. '''thuirve''' /θʏrf/, '''tharve''' /θarf/) /θɪrf/, /θar(f)/, /θɪrt/ ''v.'' to need, require; to have to | |||
*'''til(l)''' /tʰɪl/ (var. '''ti''' /tʰɪ/) ''prep.'' to, at, towards | |||
*'''time''' /'tʰɛim/ ''n.'' time, opportunity, season | |||
*'''tree''' /'tʰrɪə/ ''n.'' tree, wood | |||
===Uu=== | ===Uu=== | ||
*'''um''' (var. '''om''') /ʊm/ ''prep.'' about, around; past, beyond; regarding; on, along; during; (rare, form.) if, whether | |||
*'''at under''', '''unders''', '''undert''' /ʊntər/, /ʊntərt/ ''v.'' to wonder, ponder, contemplate | |||
*'''ut''' (var. '''out''' /uːt/) /ʊt/ ''conj.'' but, except; see ''prep.'' out | |||
===Ww=== | ===Ww=== | ||
*'''at wakke''', '''waks''', '''wakt''' /wak/, /wat/ ''v.'' to be awake, alert; to watch, observe | |||
*'''at wakken''', '''wakkens''', '''wakkent''' /wakɪn/, /wakɪnt/ ''v.'' to be wake up, awaken | |||
*'''at ware''', '''am''', '''art''', '''is''', '''ar''', '''war''', '''wa(r)n''' /war/, /am/, /art/, /ɪs/, /ar/, /war/, /wɪn/ ''v.'' copular; to be; continuous/imperfective auxiliary verb; present perfect auxiliary verb (with stative and unaccusative verbs) | |||
*'''watter''' /watər/ ''n.'' water; a stream, river; a body of water, lake, sea | |||
*'''weʒ''' /wei/ ''n.'' way, road, path, route | |||
*'''at wenne''', '''wens''', '''went''' (vars. '''wenske''', '''wensks''', '''wensket''' /wɛnsk/, /wɛnskɪt/) /wɛn/, /wɛnt/ ''v.'' to wish, desire; to hope | |||
*'''at wende''', '''wends''', '''went''' (var. '''wendet''') /wɛnt/ ''v.'' to turn (something); (oft. +refl) to turn in place; to change | |||
*'''wi''', '''os''', '''our''' (vars. '''we''' /wəi/, '''us''', '''uir''' /ʏər/) /wɛi/, /ɒs~ɪs/, /ʊər/ ''pron. pers. 1pl.'' we, us, our | |||
*'''at wille''', '''will''', '''wilt''' /wɪl/, /wɪlt/ ''v.'' to desire, wish for, intend; to agree, assent | |||
*'''win''' (var. '''winn''') /wɪn/ ''n.'' friend; lover | |||
*'''at wise''', '''wises''', '''wiest''' (var. '''wiset''') /wɛis/, /wɛisɪs/, /wɛist/ ''v.'' to show, point out; to instruct, demonstrate | |||
*'''wi''' (var. '''with''') /wi~wɪt/ ''prep.'' against, towards; with (inst.), among; beside, next to; by (agent) | |||
*'''at witte''', '''weit''', '''wis''', '''wist''' /wɪt/, /weːt/, /wɪs/, /wɪst/ ''v.'' to know, be aware of, certain about |
Latest revision as of 17:23, 5 May 2024
Aa
- abak /a'pak/ adv., prep. behind, at the back
- afor /a'fɒr/ adv., prep. before, in front of
- aikarn /'ɛakərn/ n. acorn
- amil(l) /a'mɪl/ prep. between, among
- anner (var. annar, annen /anɪn/, ander /antər/) /anər/ det. other, another; second; different; reciprocal pronominal modifier
- annar (var. anner, annen /anɪn/, ander /antər/) /anər/ pron. someone else, another thing
- annat (var. andat /antɪt/) /anɪt/ pron. something else, another thing
- ans (var. in(n)s /ɪns/) /ans~ɪns/ conj. nor, and not; neither
- at /ə/ part. infinitival marker, relative marker, indirect discourse marker; "that … "
- at, thaener (vars. that, hat, tho /θʊə/) /(h)at~ət/, /'θɛanər/ pron. dem. med. that
- at (vars. that, hat), ats /(h)at~ət/, /əts/ pron. pers. 3nsg. it, its
- aul(l) (var. all) /ɒːl/ det., adv. every, all of; emphatic element after interrogatives
- aullan (var. allan, aullen) /'ɒːlɪn/ pron. everyone, all of them
- aullat (var. allat, aullet) /'ɒːlɪt/ pron. everything, all of that, it, these, those
- aweʒ /a'wei/ adv., adj. away, hence; en route, on the way; gone
Bb
- bae (var. ba(e)then /pεaθɪn/) /pεa/ det., pron. both, each of two
- bank /pank/ n. (river, lake, water) bank; elevation, hill, slope
- bar (var. bair /pεar/) /par/ adj., adv. bare, naked; plain, simple, pure; simply, just
- at beithe, beiths, bett (var. weithe /weːθ/, weitt /weːt/) /peːθ/, /pεt/ v. to hunt, fish
- at beuthe, beuths, bouth, boutt (var. bithes /pεiθs/, bott /pɒt/) /pʏəθ/, /pʊəθ/, /pʊət/ v. to offer, bid; to invite
- bie /pεi/ (var. by) n. town, city
- big /pɪk/ n. bug, insect
- at bigʒe, bigʒs, biʒt (var. bygʒe) /pɪc/, /pɪçt/ v. to build, construct
- at birre, birrs, birrt (var. byrre) /pɪr/, /pɪrt/ v. to begin, start
- at bithe, bithes, beithe, bitt (var. bie /pεi/) /pεiθ/, /peːθ/, /pɪt/ v. to wait; to abide, suffer
- at bithe, biths, bathe, bett (var. bithʒe) /pɪθ/, /pεaθ/, /pεt/ v. to ask, request; to beg, plead; to pray
- bluith /plʏəθ/ n. blood; offspring, family, dynasty
- at boue, bies, bue, buin (var. bye, bous, buit) /pʊə/, /pεis/, /pʏə/, /pʏən/ v. to live, abide, reside, dwell; to prepare
- braw (var. bra) /prɒː/ adj. good, fine, agreeable
- breve (var. bref) /prɪəf/ n. letter, correspondence
- brither (var. brir /prɪər/, bruither /'prʏθər/, bruir /prʏər/) /'prɪθər/ n. brother
- buik /pʏək/ n. book; beech (tree and wood)
Cc
- at ceike, ceiks, ceikt /cçəik/, /cçəit/ v. to look, peek
- cei /cçeː adv. never; usually dispreferred in favour of plain ei, but may be used when in emphasis
- at cenne, cens, cent /cçεn/, /cçεnt/ v. to know, recognise; to feel, perceive
- cere /cçɪər/ adj. (lit.) dear, beloved
- cet (var. cett) /cçεt/ n. meat
- cir (var. cyrr) /cçɪr/ adj. calm, relaxed
- at cirre, cirs, cirt (var. cyrre) /cçɪr/, /cçɪrt/ v. to calm, pacify; (refl.) to become calm, calm down
- at cisse, cisses, cist (var. cysse) /cçɪs/, /cçɪsɪs/, /cçɪst/ v. to kiss
- at cuise, cuises, kous, kousen (var. cuist /cçʏəst/) /cçʏəs/, /cçʏəsɪs/, /kʰʊəs/, /kʰʊəsɪn/ v. to choose; to elect, vote for; to prefer, favour
Dd
- daw (var. daʒ, deʒ /tei/) /tɒː/ n. day
- at deiʒe, deis, duit, dout (var. dain /tɛan/) /tei/, /teːs/, /tʏət/, /tʊət/ v. to die
- dout (var. douth /tʊəθ/) /tʊət/ adj. dead, deceased
- at dreppe, dreps, drept /trεp/, /trεt/ v. to kill, murder
- at druccen, druccens, druccent (var. druicne) /trʏcɪn/, /trʏcɪnt/ v. to drown
Ee
- efter /εftər/ adv., prep. after, later in time; behind
- ei, (before vowels) en (vars. en, et, nei esp. in set phrases) /eː()n~ə(n)/ det. indefinite article; a, an
- ei (var. a(e) /ɛa/) /eː/ adv. always, ever
- els (var. ells, eller /εlər/) /εls/ conj. or; or else, otherwise
- end /εnt/ n. end, conclusion; point; the rear end, bottom, arse, ass
- ennae /ε'nεa/ adv., conj. however; although
- ether /εθər/ n. vein, sinew
- at ette, ets, et (var. ete /ɪət/ esp. for present tense) /εt/ v. to eat
- at ettle, ettles, ettlet /εtəl/, /εtəlt/ v. to try; to intend, mean
Ff
- faʒr (var. feʒr, fair) /feːr/ adj. fair, beautiful, pretty
- at falle, falls, fell, fellt /fal/, /fεl/, /fεlt/ v. to fall, drop; to die, perish; to fit
- fast /fast/ adj., adv. secure, firm, fixed; quick
- father (var. far /fɒːr/) /'faθər/ n. father, dad
- feilaw /fəilə/ n. partnership; company, organisation
- at feithe, feiths, fett (var. fethe /fεθ/, feitt /fəit/) /fəiθ/, /fεt/ v. to feed, rear, bring up; to give birth (to)
- feʒ /fei/ adj. fey, strange, otherworldly; foreign, unfamiliar; weird, odd
- fella (var. feila /fəilə/, feilaʒ) /fεlə/ n. friend, comrade, partner
- at felle, fells, fellt /fεl/, /fεlt/ v. to make fall, fell, drop; to shed (tears, bark, etc.); to kill, slay
- at finne, fins, fan, fund /fɪn/, /fan/, /fʊnt/ v. to find, discover; feel, sense
- at fille, fills, fillt (var. fylle) /fɪl/, /fɪlt/ v. to fill; fulfill, complete
- fisc /fɪsc/ n. fish; flesh of a fish
- at flie, flies, flout (var. fliʒe, flowt) /flεi/, /fluːt/ v. to flee, run away, escape; avoid, abstain (from smth.)
- fluit (var. fleut) /flʏət/ adj., adv. quick, fast, swift
- for /fɒr/ prep. for (one's benefit, goal, cause); so to, in order to
- forsake (var. forsaik; often paired with o when used as a prep.) /fɒrsɛak/ prep., conj. for the sake of, on behalf of; for such a sake, a cause; because, since
- forth /fɒrθ/ prep., adv. out of, from; forth, forward; outside
- forthi /fɒrθi/ conj. because, since
- forwi (var. forwith /fɒrwɪt/ ) /fɒrwi/ prep., adv. besides, in addition (to), also; furthermore, moreover
- frae (var. fra, fre) /frεa~frə/ prep., adv. from, away from
- fram (var. frem /frεm/) /fram/ adv. forward, forth; (w/ combining prep.) up to
- fremae /frε'mεa/ adv. forward, onward
- frend /frεnt/ n. kinsman, relative; cousin
Gg
- gammel /kaməl/ adj. old, elderly
- at ganne, gans, gent (vars. gange /kaŋ/, gae /cɛa/, gek /cεk/) /kan/, /cεnt/ v. to go, walk; fare; be fitting
- gate (vars. giate, gait) /cεat/ n. path, road; way; a walk
- at geime, geims, gemt /ceːm/, /cε[mn]t/ v. to keep safe, preserve; to hide, keep hidden
- at giare, giar, gis, gi, gin (vars. gʒare, giars, giarth, giarn) /car/, /cɪs/, /cɪt/, /cɪn/ v. to do, perform; make; auxiliary verb (esp. in negations and questions)
- at gie, gies, giae, gin (vars. ge(e), gae) /cɪə/, /cεa/, /cɪn/ v. to give
- gin /cɪn/ conj. if, whether
- glas /klas/ n. glass (material, vessel)
- glath /klaθ/ adj., adv. glad, happy, content
- grad /krat/ n. degree, level, grade
- grein /kreːn/ n. branch; bough
- grim /krɪm/ adj. mean, nasty; grumpy, ill-tempered
- grund /krʊnt/ n. ground, land; foundation, base
- guth (var. goth /kɒθ/) /kʊθ/ n. god, deity; (Christian) God; (Islam) Allah
- guith /cʏəθ/ adj. good, righteous, honest; kind, friendly; gifted, skilled; fine, well
Hh
- hale /çεal/ n. tail, brush
- han, hun, hans /han~ʏn/, /ɪns/ pron. pers. 3msg. he, him, his
- harthle (var. harth /harθ/, harl /harɪl/) /harθɪl/ adv. very, greatly
- at haulde, haulds, helt (var. haulle /hɒːl/) /hɒlt/, /hɒls/, /çεlt/ v. to hold, keep; protect; endure
- at have, ha, has, hat (var. hae /hεa/) /hɒː~hεa/, /ha/, /has/, /ha(t)/ v. to have, hold; keep, maintain; bring, carry; feel, fare; perfect auxiliary verb
- heʒre /çeːr/ n., adj. right (direction)
- at heire, heirs, hert /çeːr/, /çεrt/ v. to hear, listen
- at helpe, helps, helpt /çεlp/, /çεlt/ v. to help, assist
- himmen (var. himmin) /'çɪmɪn/ n. the sky, the heavens; (Christian) Heaven, Paradise
- at hitte, hits, hit /çɪt/ v. to hit, strike; to find
- hous (var. hows) /huːs/ n. house, home
- houth (var. howth) /hʊəθ/ n. head; mind; top, end
- huil (var. heul) /çʏəl/ n. wheel, tire
- hwae, hwem, hwaes (var. hwar) /ʍɛa/, /ʍɛm/, /ʍɛas/ int. pron. who, whom, whose
- hwan (var. hwen /ʍɛn/) /ʍan/ int. adv. when; after
- hwar (var. hwair /ʍɛar/) /ʍar/ int. adv. where
- hwarniʒ /'ʍarni/ int. adv. why, how
- hwat /ʍat/ int. pron. what
- hwilk /ʍɪlk/ int. det., pron. which, who
Ii
- iaften (var. i aften, ʒaften, ʒafen /'jafɪn/) /i'aftɪn/ adv., n. last night, yesterday evening
- idaw (var. i daw, i deʒ /i'tei/) /i'tɒː/ adv., n. today
- ien (var. ikken) /ɪən/ pron. neg. anm. no one, nobody
- iet (var. ikket) /ɪət/ pron. neg. inan. nothing
- igiar (var. i giar, i gar /i'kɒːr/) /i'cɪər/ adv., n. yesterday
- ill /ɪl/ adj. bad, evil, unkind; unlucky
- ilk (var. eilk) /ɪlk/ det., adv. each, every; one by one
- ik (var. ik) /ɪk/ adv. no, not
- ik, (denoting persons) inn (vars. e(i)ʒ /eː/, ingen /ɪŋkɪn/, int /ɪnt/) /ɪk/, /ɪn/ pron. neg. det. no, not any
- imoren (var. i moren, i morgen) /i'mɒrɪn/ adv., n. tomorrow
- i, (before vowels) in /i/, /ɪn/ prep. in, into; in, for (a time, duration)
- in /ɪn/ adv. in, inwards
- inou (var. inwi /ɪnwi/) /ɪn[ʊə]/ prep., adv. within, inside
- ithrae (var. i thrae, ithrai) /i'θrɛa/ prep., adv. in spite of, despite; in defiance of, against all odds
Ʒʒ
- ʒae /jεa/ adv., intj. yes, yea
- ʒe, me /jɪə~jə/, /məi~mə/ pron. pers. 1sg. I, me, my
- ʒer (var. ʒair /jɛar/) /jeːr/ n. year
- ʒer (var. ʒather /jɛaθər/) /jeːr/ adj. adv. (rare, in set phrases, compounds) early; already, before, earlier, ere
- ʒi, ʒer (vars. ʒe /jəi/, ther /θər/) /jɛi/, /jər~ɪər/ pron. pers. 2pl. you, your
- ʒnew (var. ʒneu, neu/w) /nɪu/ adv. enough, abundant, sufficient
Kk
- kannur (var. kanwar /kʰanwar/) /kʰan[ʊə]r/ adv. maybe, perhaps
- at kaste, kasts, kastet /kʰast/, /kʰass/, /kʰastɪt/ v. to cast, throw, toss; throw away, discard
- kemmi (var. cemmi /'cçɛmi/) /'kʰ(w)[ɛə]mi~'cçɛmi/ n. a Kemmi; a wandering Copt
- at klivver, klivvers, klivvert (var. klivvre) /kʰlɪfər/, /kʰlɪfərt/ v. to climb, clamber
- at komme, koms, kom, komt (var. cem /cçɛm/) /kʰɒm/, /kʰɒmt/ v. to come, arrive
- koss (var. ciss /cçɪs/) /kʰɒs/ n. kiss
- at koupe, koups, ceft (var. kowpe, koppe /kʰɒp/) /kʰʊəp/, /cçεft/ v. to buy, purchase; to barter, trade; (rare) to haggle, bargain for
- at kunne, kan, kun, kunt /kʰʊn/, /kʰan/, /kʰʊn/, /kʰʊnt/ v. to know; to be able, can, know how to; to be possible, likely; may
Ll
- at legʒe, legʒs, lauth, laut (var. legge, lauthen /lɒːθɪn/) /lɛc/, /lɒːθ/, /lɒːt/ v. to lay, put, set; to lay down (rules, an order), settle (a dispute)
- at leipe, leips, loupt (var. loupe /lʊəp/, luip(t) /lʏə[pt]/) /leːp/, /lʊət/ v. to jump, leap; to sprint, gallop, dash
- at l(e)iʒe, liʒs, lout (var. lewe /lɪu/, luit /lʏət/) /lɛi/, /lʊət/ v. to lie, deceive
- lift (var. left /lɛft/) /lɪft/ adj., adv. left, remaining
- at ligʒe, ligʒs, lae, lein (var. ligge) /lɪc/, /lɛa/, /leːn/ v. to lie, lie down; to be located in
- little (var. littel, lit /lɪt/ esp. when used as a determiner or adverbially) /lɪtɪl/ adj., adv., det. little, small (in size, amount, quantity); to a small extent; a small amount or number of, few
- at liste, lists, listet (var. lyst) /lɪst/, /lɪss/, /lɪstɪt/ v. to desire, want; to like, love
- luith /lʏəθ/ n. song, poem
Mm
- man, men /man/, /mɛn/ n. man, person
- mat /mat/ n. food, a type of food; a meal
- at matte, ma(w), mat (var. motte /mɒt/, mawe /mɒː/, meʒe /mei/ esp. in lit. contexts) /mat/, /mɒː/, /mat/ v. to be allowed to, be permitted, may; (rare) to be able to
- mark /mark/ n. (slang) horse
- marken (var. market /markɪt/) /markɪn/ n. market(s), shop(s); (slang) horse auction
- at meite, meits, met (var. mitte /mɪt/) /məit/, /mɛt/ v. to meet (smn); to meet with (some fate)
- meir (var. mer) /meːr/ adj., adv., det. bigger, greater; more; used in accompaniment with comparative forms, or to solely indicate the comparative sense
- at melle, mells, melt (var. mele /mɪəl/, mille /mɪl/) /mɛl/, /mɛlt/ v. to speak, utter, talk
- mennesk /mɛnɪs(k)/ n. human being, man; person
- merk /mɛrk/ adj. black, dark
- merk /mɛrk/ n. night, darkness
- mikkle (var. mikkel, mik /mɪk/) /mɪkɪl/ adj., adv., det. big, great (in size, amount, quantity); to a great extent; a great amount or number of, many
- mi (var. mith) /mi~mɪt/ prep. with (in company of), by (means, manner, vehicle)
- mither (var. mir /mɪər/, muither /'mʏθər/, muir /mʏər/) /'mɪθər/ n. mother, mum, mam
Nn
- nat (var. natt, net /nɛt/) /nat/ n. night
- neer (var. ner, nether /nɪθər/) /nɪər/ adv., prep. down, downwards, lower
- nei (var. neʒ) /neː/ adv., intj. no, nay; never
- neir (var. ner) /neːr/ adv., prep. near, nearby, towards; nearly, almost
- niʒe (var. nie) /nɛi/ adj. new, recent
- at nitte, nitts, nittet (var. nytte, nytʒe, neute /nʏət/) /nɪt/, /nɪtɪt/ v. to use, employ; to be of use, useful; to need, have need for
- noe (var. nok) /nʊə/ pron. indef. adj. some, any
- noen (var. nokken) /nʊən/ pron. indef. anm. someone, somebody; anyone, anybody
- noet (var. nokket) /nʊət/ pron. indef. inan. something; anything
- nou (var. now) /nu:/ adv. now, at this moment
Oo
- o (var. aw, a /a~ə/) /ɒ:~ə/ prep. of, from, out of; of (some amount)
- oer (var. eir /əir/) /ʊər/ prep., adv. over, above; across
- oʒ (var. ow, og) /ʊə~ɒ/ conj. and, also
- oʒsa (var. osso, oʒsae /ɒ'sɛa/) /ɒ'sɒː/ adv. also, in addition, as well, too
- oʒsa (var. also, alsau /ɒl'sɒː/) /ɒ'sɒː/ adv. too, excessively
- out (var. ut /ʊt/) /uːt/ prep., adv. out, out of; except, besides; outside
Pp
- pae, (before vowels) pen (var. uppae /ʊ'pʰɛa/) /pʰɛa/, /pʰɛn/ prep. on, upon, onto; on (horseback, vehicle); by, beside; at (a time of day); (+prs. part) about to, just at the point of; while, as
- at prinne, prins, print /pʰrɪn/, /pʰrɪnt/ v. (slang) to buy, barter; to haggle
Rr
- at rathe, rathes, reith, rett /rɛaθ/, /rəiθ/, /rɛt/ v. to advise, decide; to rule, command; to read, understand, explain
- at reice, reics, reict (var. recce /rɛc/) /reːc/, /reːt/ v. to fill with smoke, incense; to preserve, dry (food) with smoke; to pacify (bees) with smoke
- ret (var. rit /rɪt/, reit /rəit/) adj. straight; right, correct; (proscribed) of the right hand
- at reuke, reuks, rouk, roukt (var. ruike /rʏək/, rike /rɛik/) /rɪʊk/, /rʊək/, /rʊət/ v. to smoke, reek, stink, emit fumes; to inhale smoke (tobacco, etc.)
- rever (var. reffer /rɛfər/) /rɪəfər/ n. (arch.) fox
- rig /rɪk/ n. back, ridge
Ss
- sae (var. swae /swɛa~sɒː/) /sɛa/ adv., conj. to such an extent, in such a manner; so that, for such a reason; (in Scan. fashion; lit., form.) then, next
- sakert /'sakərt/ n. (Catholic) priest
- sam /sam~səm/ part. like, as
- -samen (var. -saman) /-samɪn/ pron. suffix -(so)ever; for use with interrogative pronouns: an emphatic or indefinite suffix
- at sasse, sasses, sasst (var. sʒasse /ɕas/) /sas/, /sast/ v. (slang; Kemmi) to chat, talk, mutter
- at scathe, scathes, scett (var. sc[ae]ithe /sceːθ/) /scɛaθ/, /scɛt/ v. to hurt, damage smth.
- at scille, scills, scilt /scɪl/, /scɪlt/ v. to understand, comprehend; discern, tell apart, distinguish
- at scippe, scips, scipt /scɪp/, /scɪt/ v. to arrange, put in order
- see (var. sei /səi/) /sɪə/ n. sea, ocean; any large body of water, lake
- at see, sees, saw, sein /sɪə/, /sɒː/, /səin/ v. to see
- at seike, seiks, suit (var. sikke /sɪk/) /səik/, /sʏət/ v. to seek, look for; to try, have a go
- at seʒe, seʒs, saut /sei/, /sɒːt/ v. to say, tell
- at selle, sells, selt (var. selʒe) /sɛl/, /sɛlt/ v. to sell; to hand over, deliver
- sent /sɛnt/ adj., adv. late, near the end; recently, not long ago
- at sette, sets, sat (var. setʒe) /sɛt/, /sat/ v. to seat, set, place, put; to set up, establish; to set, go down
- sikker /'sɪkər/ adj., adv. sure, certain
- siller (var. silver /sɪlfər/) /'sɪlər/ n. silver; money, cash; coin(s), change
- sister (var. syster, sir /sɪər/) /'sɪstər/ n. sister
- sithe /sɛiθ/ n. side, edge, surface
- sʒen (var. sen /sɛn/) /ɕɛn/ n. self; reflexive pronominal suffix
- sʒo, hen, hens (var. sʒon) /ʃʏ(ə)/, /ən/, /ɪns/ pron. pers. 3fsg. she, her
- skant (var. skam /skam/) /skant/ adj. short in distance or height; short in time, brief; short in supply, scarce, meager
- skou (var. skow) /skʊə/ n. forest, wood
- at skrive, skrives, skrievt /skrɛif/, /skrɛift/ v. to write
- at skulle, ska(l), sci(l)d /skʊl/, /skɒː~skə/, /scɪt/ v. future auxiliary verb; shall, will; (past tense) conditional auxiliary verb; should, would; must
- slik /slɪk/ det. such; like this, like that
- spele (var. speel) /spɪəl/ n. story, tale; talk, gossip
- at spirre, spirs, spirt /spɪr/, /spɪrt/ v. to ask, inquire, request
- at stae, steis, stuith, staun (var. staune /stɒːn/, staes /stɛas/, stathen /staθɪn/) /stɛa/, /steːs/, /stʏəθ/, /stɒːn/ v. to stand, be standing; (usu. with up) to stand up, get up
- at stire, stires, stirt (var. styre) /stɛir/, /stɪrt/ v. to steer, control; rule, govern
- at stinge, stings, stang /stɪnk/, /stank/ v. to stab, sting, prick; pierce, strike (w/ sharp instr.)
- at stoppe, stops, stopt /stɒp/, /stɒt/ v. to stop, halt, cease
- at strithe, strithes, stritt /strɛiθ/, /strɪt/ v. to fight; to strive against; (+for) to fight for, argue for
- sulten (var. suilten, silten /sɪltɪn/) /sʏltɪn/ adj. hungry
- at sweffe, swefs, swaft (var. soufe, sove /sʊəf/) /swɛf/, /swaft/ v. to sleep
- at swimme, swims, swam /swɪm/, /swam/ v. to swim
Tt
- taffi /'tʰafi/ n. fox; a Cumbrian
- at tale, tals, tault (vars. talle /tʰal/, taulle /tʰɒːl/) /tʰɛal/, /tʰals/, /tʰɒːlt/ v. to speak, talk; to record, tell, recount; (+prep) speak to, talk to
- at tekke, teks, tuik, teken (var. takke /tʰak/) /tʰɛk/, /tʰʏək/, /tʰɪəkən/ v. to take, get, bring; catch, hold; steal, snatch
- tha (vars. thou /θuː/, the) /θɒː~θəi~θə/ pron. pers. 2sg. you, yours; thou, thee, thy
- thae (vars. tha /θɒː/) /θɛa/ adv. at that time; then, next in sequence (of events, ordering); also, besides
- the (vars. then, thet) /θə~t/ det. definite article; the
- thei (vars. thae /θɛa~θɪə/), (th)em, ther /θeː/, /(θ)ɪm/, /θeːr~θər/ pron. pers. 3pl. they, them, their
- at thinke, thinks, thot /θɪnk/, /θɒt/ v. to seem, appear; (oft. +refl.) to seem to oneself, think, suppose, have such an opinion that
- at thirve, thar(f), thirt (var. thuirve /θʏrf/, tharve /θarf/) /θɪrf/, /θar(f)/, /θɪrt/ v. to need, require; to have to
- til(l) /tʰɪl/ (var. ti /tʰɪ/) prep. to, at, towards
- time /'tʰɛim/ n. time, opportunity, season
- tree /'tʰrɪə/ n. tree, wood
Uu
- um (var. om) /ʊm/ prep. about, around; past, beyond; regarding; on, along; during; (rare, form.) if, whether
- at under, unders, undert /ʊntər/, /ʊntərt/ v. to wonder, ponder, contemplate
- ut (var. out /uːt/) /ʊt/ conj. but, except; see prep. out
Ww
- at wakke, waks, wakt /wak/, /wat/ v. to be awake, alert; to watch, observe
- at wakken, wakkens, wakkent /wakɪn/, /wakɪnt/ v. to be wake up, awaken
- at ware, am, art, is, ar, war, wa(r)n /war/, /am/, /art/, /ɪs/, /ar/, /war/, /wɪn/ v. copular; to be; continuous/imperfective auxiliary verb; present perfect auxiliary verb (with stative and unaccusative verbs)
- watter /watər/ n. water; a stream, river; a body of water, lake, sea
- weʒ /wei/ n. way, road, path, route
- at wenne, wens, went (vars. wenske, wensks, wensket /wɛnsk/, /wɛnskɪt/) /wɛn/, /wɛnt/ v. to wish, desire; to hope
- at wende, wends, went (var. wendet) /wɛnt/ v. to turn (something); (oft. +refl) to turn in place; to change
- wi, os, our (vars. we /wəi/, us, uir /ʏər/) /wɛi/, /ɒs~ɪs/, /ʊər/ pron. pers. 1pl. we, us, our
- at wille, will, wilt /wɪl/, /wɪlt/ v. to desire, wish for, intend; to agree, assent
- win (var. winn) /wɪn/ n. friend; lover
- at wise, wises, wiest (var. wiset) /wɛis/, /wɛisɪs/, /wɛist/ v. to show, point out; to instruct, demonstrate
- wi (var. with) /wi~wɪt/ prep. against, towards; with (inst.), among; beside, next to; by (agent)
- at witte, weit, wis, wist /wɪt/, /weːt/, /wɪs/, /wɪst/ v. to know, be aware of, certain about