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| {{Kala 2}} | | {{Kala 2}} |
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| | {{wip}} |
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| | <big>'''THIS SECTION IS CURRENTLY BEING UPDATED TO REFLECT A NEW GRAMMAR.'''</big> |
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| The Kala conlang... | | The Kala conlang... |
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| * [[Kala/calendar|calendar]] | | * [[Kala/calendar|calendar]] |
| | * [[Kala/chat|conversations]] |
| | * [[Kala/etymology|etymology]] |
| | ** [[Kala/roots|roots]] |
| * [[Kala/lexicon|lexicon]] | | * [[Kala/lexicon|lexicon]] |
| | ** [[Kala/affixes|affixes]] |
| ** [[Kala/lexicon/theme|thematic lexicon]] | | ** [[Kala/lexicon/theme|thematic lexicon]] |
| | * [[Kala/particles|particles]] |
| * [[Kala/phrases|phrases]] | | * [[Kala/phrases|phrases]] |
| * [[Kala/syllables|syllables]]
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| * [[Kala/affixes|word formation]] | | * [[Kala/affixes|word formation]] |
| * [[Kala/writing|writing]] | | * [[Kala/writing|writing]] |
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| = Introduction =
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| == Word Order ==
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| === Comparisons ===
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| When things being compared have equal characteristics, the comparison of equality is used.
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| * '''mita kue tahi taha''' - <small>dog like boy big</small> - ''The dog is as big as the boy.''
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| * '''mpa'a kue mosa niha''' - <small>movie like book nice</small> - ''The movie is as good as the book.''
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| If two things are not equal, they are unequal.
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| * '''nanku ke manyo itlok''' - <small>1pl.RECP O height same-NEG</small> - ''We are not the same height''.
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| * '''ta kue na manyoha''' - <small>2sg like 1sg height-AUG</small> - ''You are taller than I.''
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| * '''ke no ta'o poku itlok''' - <small>O thing two cost same-NEG</small> - ''The two items do not cost the same.''
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| * '''potonyo kue ninka mpahaka''' - <small>photo-tool as television expensive-AUG</small> - ''The camera is more expensive than the television.''
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| == Parts of Speech ==
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| '''Kala''' has three parts of speech, each with several subgroups. Nouns and verbs are substantive, while particles tend to be only functional.
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| # '''noma''' - nouns
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| ## '''nkalo''' - personal pronouns
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| ## '''uatse''' - demonstratives
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| # '''uati''' - verbs
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| ## '''pusa''' - adverbials
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| ## '''tatse''' - locative verbs (prepositions)
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| ## '''keyo''' - descriptive verbs (adjectives)
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| # '''peya''' - particles
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| ## '''nita''' - interjections
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| ## '''eka''' - affixes
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| = Morphology =
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| == Nouns ==
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| === Number ===
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| ==== general plural ====
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| Kala does not require the plural be marked if it is understood through context, and only animate pronouns are marked, whereas inanimate nouns need not be marked. General plurals are formed with –'''m''' (or –'''lo''' if the final syllable contains '''m''').
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| * '''mita / mitam''' - dog / dogs
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| * '''kuma / kumalo''' - bear / bears
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| ==== mass nouns ====
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| Mass nouns include liquids, powders, and substances, such as '''maya''' (water), '''hyeka''' (sand), and '''tleno''' (wood). They do not normally require determiners or the plural. However, one may add these to indicate specific examples or different types:
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| * '''tlenom''' – woods (e.g. various kinds)
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| * '''mayam''' - waters (e.g. various locations)
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| ==== other quantifiers ====
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| === Personal Pronouns ===
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| == Particles ==
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| === Conjunctions ===
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| * '''ma''' - and; also; too; as well
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| * '''ehe''' ('''me''') - but; yet; however
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| * '''ua''' - or; either
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| * '''ue''' - either X or Y
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| * '''uenke''' ('''uek''') - neither X nor Y
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| * '''yatli''' - therefore; if X then Y
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| * '''yema''' - both X and Y
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| === Function words ===
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| === Interjections ===
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| [[Category:Conlangs]] | | [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Conscripts]][[Category:Kala]] |
