Tilde: Difference between revisions
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The ' | The first use of tilde, ◌͂, was in Ancient Greek, though in that context it's called circumflex. This diacritic was used for indicating pitch accent.<ref name=greek_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Pitch|Tilde, Pitch]] at Wikipedia.</ref> In medieval times scribes used tildes above letters to indicate omissions. It could stand for an omitted Mm or Nn, though it could also stand for whole sequences of letters. Ññ comes from a digraph, Nn nn, as the tilde is essentially the same as a small Nn. Vowels with tilde in Portuguese have a similar origin.<ref name=tilde_origins>[[Wikipedia:Tilde|Tilde]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
Unicode | == Tilde in Unicode == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Characters with Tilde | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | ~ || style="font-size:180%" | ˜ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̃ || style="font-size:180%" | Ã || style="font-size:180%" | ã || style="font-size:180%" | Ẫ || style="font-size:180%" | ẫ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẵ || style="font-size:180%" | ẵ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẽ || style="font-size:180%" | ẽ || style="font-size:180%" | Ễ || style="font-size:180%" | ễ | |||
|- | |||
| U+007E || U+02DC || U+0303 || U+00C3 || U+00E3 || U+1EAA || U+1EAB || U+1EB4 || U+1EB5 || U+1EBC || U+1EBD || U+1EC4 || U+1EC5 | |||
|- | |||
| Tilde || Small Tilde || Combining Tilde || Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde || Latin Small Letter A With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde || Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter E With Tilde || Latin Small Letter E With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=3 | '''Note:''' May be confused with Combining Acute-Grave-Acute, ◌᷉ (U+1DC9); Swung Dash, ⁓ (U+2053); Tilde Operator, ∼ (U+223C); Reversed Tilde, ∽ (U+223D); or Fullwidth Tilde, ~ (U+FF5E). || || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | Ĩ || style="font-size:180%" | ĩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ñ || style="font-size:180%" | ñ || style="font-size:180%" | Õ || style="font-size:180%" | õ || style="font-size:180%" | Ȭ || style="font-size:180%" | ȭ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṍ || style="font-size:180%" | ṍ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṏ || style="font-size:180%" | ṏ || style="font-size:180%" | Ỗ | |||
|- | |||
| U+0128 || U+0129 || U+00D1 || U+00F1 || U+00D5 || U+00F5 || U+022C || U+022D || U+1E4C || U+1E4D || U+1E4E || U+1E4F || U+1ED6 | |||
|- | |||
| Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde || Latin Small Letter I With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter N With Tilde || Latin Small Letter N With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde || Latin Small Letter O With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron || Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron || Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute || Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute || Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | ỗ || style="font-size:180%" | Ỡ || style="font-size:180%" | ỡ || style="font-size:180%" | Ũ || style="font-size:180%" | ũ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṹ || style="font-size:180%" | ṹ || style="font-size:180%" | Ữ || style="font-size:180%" | ữ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṽ || style="font-size:180%" | ṽ || style="font-size:180%" | Ỹ || style="font-size:180%" | ỹ | |||
|- | |||
| U+1ED7 || U+1EE0 || U+1EE1 || U+0168 || U+0169 || U+1E78 || U+1E79 || U+1EEE || U+1EEF || U+1E7C || U+1E7D || U+1EF8 || U+1EF9 | |||
|- | |||
| Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde || Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde || Latin Small Letter U With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute || Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde || Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter V With Tilde || Latin Small Letter V With Tilde || Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde || Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde | |||
|} | |||
== Tilde in Natlangs == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Uses of Tilde | |||
! Use | |||
! Language | |||
! Letters | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=6 | Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]] | |||
| [[Basque]] | |||
| rowspan=2 | Ññ /ɲ/ | |||
| Borrowed from Spanish.<ref name=basque_n_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Ñ#Cross-linguistic_usage|Ñ, Cross-linguistic usage]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:ISO_15919|ISO 15919]] romanization of Indic scripts | |||
| Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic [[Wikipedia:Anusvara|anusvāra]] before palatal consonants.<ref name=iso_15919>[[Wikipedia:ISO_15919#Comparison_with_UNRSGN_and_IAST|ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Kazakh_language|Kazakh]] (revised 2021 alphabet and [[Wikipedia:Kazinform|Kazinform]]'s romanization) | |||
| rowspan=2 | Ññ /ŋ/ | |||
| The 2021 alphabet, which was presented in January and scheduled to come into use in 2023, originally had the letter Ŋŋ. But in April this was changed to Ññ.<ref name=kazakh>[[Wikipedia:Kazakh_alphabets|Kazakh alphabets]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Malagasy_language|Malagasy]] | |||
| This letter may occasionally be seen used instead of N̈n̈. Ng ng may also be used.<ref name=malagasy>[[Wikipedia:Malagasy_language#Diacritics|Malagasy language, Diacritics]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Moro_language|Moro]] | |||
| rowspan=2 | Ññ /ɲ/ | |||
| The orthography for Moro did not have capital letters originally.<ref name=moro_capitalization>Guest, Elizabeth. 1997. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Kordofanian/Moro/guest_moro-phonology1997.pdf Moro Phonology].</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Spanish]] | |||
| Stems from an older Nn nn.<ref name=spanish_n_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Palatal_n|Tilde, Palatal n]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Glottalization|Glottalized]] vowel | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language|Vietnamese]] | |||
| Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/ | |||
| The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.<ref name=vietnamese_tones>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language#Tones_2|Vietnamese language, Language variation, Tones]] at Wikipedia.</ref> There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.<ref name=vietnamese_orthography>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation|Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]] | |||
| Ãã /ɐ̃/, Õõ /õ/ | |||
| They stem from older Aᷠaᷠ, Oᷠoᷠ.<ref name=portuguese>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Nasalization|Tilde, Nasalization]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Roundedness|Unrounded vowel]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Estonian_language|Estonian]] | |||
| Õõ /ɤ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Other | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]] | |||
| Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Tilde in Conlangs == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Uses of Tilde | |||
! Use | |||
! Language | |||
! Letters | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]] | |||
| [[Quenya]] | |||
| Ññ /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Tilde in Phonetic Transcriptions == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Uses of Tilde | |||
! Use | |||
! Transcription system | |||
! Characters | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:International_phonetic_alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) | |||
| ◌̃ | |||
| Used for both nasalized vowels and nasalized consonants. | |||
|} | |||
== See Also == | |||
*[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]] | |||
*[[Tilde_Below|Tilde Below]] | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
<br> | |||
[[Category:Natscripts]] | |||
[[Category:Orthography]] | [[Category:Orthography]] |
Latest revision as of 06:34, 28 June 2021
The first use of tilde, ◌͂, was in Ancient Greek, though in that context it's called circumflex. This diacritic was used for indicating pitch accent.[1] In medieval times scribes used tildes above letters to indicate omissions. It could stand for an omitted Mm or Nn, though it could also stand for whole sequences of letters. Ññ comes from a digraph, Nn nn, as the tilde is essentially the same as a small Nn. Vowels with tilde in Portuguese have a similar origin.[2]
Tilde in Unicode
~ | ˜ | ◌̃ | Ã | ã | Ẫ | ẫ | Ẵ | ẵ | Ẽ | ẽ | Ễ | ễ |
U+007E | U+02DC | U+0303 | U+00C3 | U+00E3 | U+1EAA | U+1EAB | U+1EB4 | U+1EB5 | U+1EBC | U+1EBD | U+1EC4 | U+1EC5 |
Tilde | Small Tilde | Combining Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter E With Tilde | Latin Small Letter E With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde |
Note: May be confused with Combining Acute-Grave-Acute, ◌᷉ (U+1DC9); Swung Dash, ⁓ (U+2053); Tilde Operator, ∼ (U+223C); Reversed Tilde, ∽ (U+223D); or Fullwidth Tilde, ~ (U+FF5E). | ||||||||||||
Ĩ | ĩ | Ñ | ñ | Õ | õ | Ȭ | ȭ | Ṍ | ṍ | Ṏ | ṏ | Ỗ |
U+0128 | U+0129 | U+00D1 | U+00F1 | U+00D5 | U+00F5 | U+022C | U+022D | U+1E4C | U+1E4D | U+1E4E | U+1E4F | U+1ED6 |
Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde | Latin Small Letter I With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter N With Tilde | Latin Small Letter N With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde |
ỗ | Ỡ | ỡ | Ũ | ũ | Ṹ | ṹ | Ữ | ữ | Ṽ | ṽ | Ỹ | ỹ |
U+1ED7 | U+1EE0 | U+1EE1 | U+0168 | U+0169 | U+1E78 | U+1E79 | U+1EEE | U+1EEF | U+1E7C | U+1E7D | U+1EF8 | U+1EF9 |
Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde | Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde | Latin Small Letter U With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute | Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde | Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter V With Tilde | Latin Small Letter V With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde | Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde |
Tilde in Natlangs
Use | Language | Letters | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Change of place of articulation | Basque | Ññ /ɲ/ | Borrowed from Spanish.[3] |
ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts | Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before palatal consonants.[4] | ||
Kazakh (revised 2021 alphabet and Kazinform's romanization) | Ññ /ŋ/ | The 2021 alphabet, which was presented in January and scheduled to come into use in 2023, originally had the letter Ŋŋ. But in April this was changed to Ññ.[5] | |
Malagasy | This letter may occasionally be seen used instead of N̈n̈. Ng ng may also be used.[6] | ||
Moro | Ññ /ɲ/ | The orthography for Moro did not have capital letters originally.[7] | |
Spanish | Stems from an older Nn nn.[8] | ||
Glottalized vowel | Vietnamese | Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/ | The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.[9] There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[10] |
Nasalization | Portuguese | Ãã /ɐ̃/, Õõ /õ/ | They stem from older Aᷠaᷠ, Oᷠoᷠ.[11] |
Unrounded vowel | Estonian | Õõ /ɤ/ | |
Other | Livonian | Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/ |
Tilde in Conlangs
Use | Language | Letters | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Change of place of articulation | Quenya | Ññ /ŋ/ |
Tilde in Phonetic Transcriptions
Use | Transcription system | Characters | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Nasalization | International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | ◌̃ | Used for both nasalized vowels and nasalized consonants. |
See Also
References
- ↑ Tilde, Pitch at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Tilde at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ñ, Cross-linguistic usage at Wikipedia.
- ↑ ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Kazakh alphabets at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Malagasy language, Diacritics at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Guest, Elizabeth. 1997. Moro Phonology.
- ↑ Tilde, Palatal n at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Vietnamese language, Language variation, Tones at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Tilde, Nasalization at Wikipedia.