Palatalized Hook

The palatalized (or palatal) hook was used in IPA until 1989 to represent palatalized consonants. Note that the palatal hook may be confused with other hooks used below characters, e.g. the retroflex hook.

Palatal Hook in Unicode

Characters with palatal hook

◌̡

ᶀ

Ꞔ

ꞔ

ᶁ

ᶂ

ᶃ

ꞕ

ᶄ

ᶅ

ᶪ

ᶆ

ᶇ

U+0321

U+1D80

U+A7C4

U+A794

U+1D81

U+1D82

U+1D83

U+A795

U+1D84

U+1D85

U+1DAA

U+1D86

U+1D87

Combining Palatalized Hook Below

Latin Small Letter B With Palatal Hook

Latin Capital Letter C With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter C With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter D With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter F With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter G With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter H With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter K With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter L With Palatal Hook

Modifier Letter L With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter M With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter N With Palatal Hook

Note: May be confused with Cedilla, ¸ (U+00B8); Combining Cedilla, ◌̧ (U+0327); Ogonek, ˛ (U+02DB); Combining Ogonek, ◌̨ (U+0328); Combining Left Half Ring Below, ◌̜ (U+031C); Combining Half Right Ring Below, ◌̹ (U+0339); or Combining Retroflex Hook Below, ◌̢ (U+0322).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter D With Tail, ɖ (U+0256).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla, ḩ (U+1E29); Latin Small Letter H With Descender, ⱨ (U+2C68); or Latin Small Letter Heng, ꜧ (U+A727).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter K With Descender, ⱪ (U+2C6A).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook, ɭ (U+026D).

Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook, ᶩ (U+1DA9).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter M With Hook, ɱ (U+0271).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter Eng, ŋ (U+014B); Latin Small Letter N With Left Hook, ɲ (U+0272); Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook, ɳ (U+0273); or Latin Small Letter N With Descender, ꞑ (U+A791).

ᶈ

ᶉ

ᶊ

ᶋ

ƫ

ᶵ

ᶌ

ᶍ

Ᶎ

ᶎ

U+1D88

U+1D89

U+1D8A

U+1D8B

U+01AB

U+1DB5

U+1D8C

U+1D8D

U+A7C6

U+1D8E

Latin Small Letter P With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter R With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter S With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter Esh With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter T With Palatal Hook

Modifier Letter T With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter V With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter X With Palatal Hook

Latin Capital Letter Z With Palatal Hook

Latin Small Letter Z With Palatal Hook

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla, ş (U+015F).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla, ţ (U+0163).

Note: May be confused with Latin Capital Letter Z With Hook, Ȥ (U+0224); or Latin Capital Letter Z With Descender, Ⱬ (U+2C6B).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter Z With Hook, ȥ (U+0225); Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook, ʐ (U+0290); or Latin Small Letter Z With Descender, ⱬ (U+2C6C).

Palatal Hook in Phonetic Transcription

Uses of Palatal Hook

Use	Transcription system	Notes
Palatalized consonant	IPA (1928-1989)	These letters are now obsolete in IPA, with ◌ʲ now being used instead. When the palatalized hook was in use, it was recommended to use the characters ʆ and ʓ instead of ᶋ and ʒ̡ (ʒ̡ is not a precomposed character).

See Also

• Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet
• Cedilla
• Retroflex Hook