Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions
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|/ə/ | |/ə/ | ||
|/b/ | |/b/ | ||
|/ | |/β/ | ||
|/d/ | |/d/ | ||
|/ð/ | |/ð/ | ||
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|/o/ | |/o/ | ||
|/p/ | |/p/ | ||
|/ | |/φ/ | ||
|/ɾ/ | |/ɾ/ | ||
|/s/ | |/s/ | ||
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===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
*The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together. | *The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together. | ||
*The begadkepat consonants [[Wikipedia:Lenition|lenite]] into their corresponding fricatives | *The begadkepat consonants [[Wikipedia:Lenition|lenite]] into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel, either between two vowels (דַּבַר, '''davar''', word) or word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, '''mélex''', king). This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, ''e.g.'', '''hurikan''' הֻרִכַּך. | ||
*The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | *The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | ||
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====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> ט | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> ט [[Wikipedia:Teth|Tet]] /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת [[Wikipedia:Taw|Taf]] /t/. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> ק | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> ק [[Wikipedia:Qoph|Quf]] has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ [[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop | *<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop [[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, '''ná'ar''', boy. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ | *<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ [[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]] /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס [[Wikipedia:Samekh|Sámex]]. Thus the dot is not needed for Shin. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> ה | *<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> ה [[Wikipedia:He (letter)|He]] has been deleted when syllable final. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> ח | *<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> ח [[Wikipedia:Heth|Heth]] has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ Ka. | ||
* Use of the five final forms is optional. | * Use of the five final forms is optional. | ||
* There are no geminate consonants. | * There are no geminate consonants. | ||
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====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The two phonemes are [[Wikipedia:Allophone|allophonic]]. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables. | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The two phonemes are [[Wikipedia:Allophone|allophonic]]. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', גִּבַ '''giva''', hill /giβa/; אִש '''iš''', man /ɪʃ/. However, /i/ is retained in the plural suffix '''-im''' /im/. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', מֶ֜לֶכ | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', מֶ֜לֶכ '''mélex''' /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם '''melkim''' /mɛlkim/, kings. | ||
*All vowels are of equal length. | *All vowels are of equal length. | ||
[[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]] | [[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]] | ||
Revision as of 06:02, 13 December 2020
Pronunciation table
| ă | b | v | d | đ | e | g | ģ | h | i | k | x | l | m | n | o | p | f | r | s | ț | ș | t | ŧ | u | w | y | z | ' | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אְ | בּ | ב | דּ | ד | אֵ | גּ | ג | ה | אִ | כּ | כ | ל | מ | נ | אָ | פּ | פ | ר | ס | צ | ש | תּ | ת | אֻ | ו | י | ז | ע | |
| /ä/ | /ə/ | /b/ | /β/ | /d/ | /ð/ | /e/ | /g/ | /ʝ/ | /h/ | /i/ | /k/ | /ç/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /o/ | /p/ | /φ/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /ʦ/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ | /z/ | /ʔ/ |
Notes
- The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the begadkepat consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together.
- The begadkepat consonants lenite into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel, either between two vowels (דַּבַר, davar, word) or word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, mélex, king). This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, e.g., hurikan הֻרִכַּך.
- The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
Phonology
Consonant chart
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | <m> /m/ מ/ם |
<n> /n/ נ/ן |
||||
| Voiceless Stop | <p> /p/ פּ |
<t> /t/ תּ1 |
<k> /k/ כּ2 |
<'> /ʔ/ ע3 | ||
| Voiced Stop | <b> /b/ בּ |
<d> /d/ דּ |
<g> /g/ גּ |
|||
| Sibilant Affricate | <ț> /ʦ/ צ/ץ |
|||||
| Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | <s> /s/ ס |
<ș> /ʃ/ ש4 |
<h> /h/ ה5 | |||
| Voiced Sibilant Fricative | <z> /z/ ז |
|||||
| Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | <f> /f/ פ/ף |
<ŧ> /θ/ ת |
<x> /ç/ כ/ך6 |
|||
| Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | <v> /v/ ב |
<đ> /ð/ ד |
<g> /ɣ/ ג |
|||
| Approximant | <w> /w/ ו |
<y> /j/ י |
||||
| Trill | <r> /ɾ/ ר |
|||||
| Lateral approximant | <l> /l/ ל |
Notes
- 1 ט Tet /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת Taf /t/.
- 2 ק Quf has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ Ka.
- 3 The glottal stop Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, ná'ar, boy.
- 4 שׂ Sin /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס Sámex. Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
- 5 ה He has been deleted when syllable final.
- 6 ח Heth has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ Ka.
- Use of the five final forms is optional.
- There are no geminate consonants.
Vowel chart
| Front | Near Front | Cental | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/~/ɪ/1 אִ |
u /u/ אֻ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/~/ɛ/2 אֶ |
o אׇ | ||
| Mid | ă <ə> אְ |
|||
| Open | a אַ |
Notes
- 1 The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables, e.g., גִּבַ giva, hill /giβa/; אִש iš, man /ɪʃ/. However, /i/ is retained in the plural suffix -im /im/.
- 2 The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, e.g., מֶ֜לֶכ mélex /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם melkim /mɛlkim/, kings.
- All vowels are of equal length.
