Kala: Difference between revisions
m (Replaced content with "{{Kala 2}} {{wip}} <big>'''THIS SECTION IS CURRENTLY BEING UPDATED TO REFLECT A NEW GRAMMAR.'''</big> The Kala conlang... * calendar * Kala/chat|co...") |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
* [[Kala/affixes|word formation]] | * [[Kala/affixes|word formation]] | ||
* [[Kala/writing|writing]] | * [[Kala/writing|writing]] | ||
= Phonology = | |||
== Consonants == | |||
* Where '''~''' appears, it indicates [[wp:Free_variation|free variation]] between phonemes. | |||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align: center; width:40%;" | |||
|+Consonants | |||
! | |||
!Labial | |||
!colspan=2|Alveolar | |||
!Palatal | |||
!Velar | |||
!Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m ('''m''') | |||
|colspan=2|n ('''n''') | |||
| ɲ ('''ny''') | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p~b ('''p''') | |||
|colspan=2|t~d ('''t''') | |||
| | |||
| k~g ('''k''') | |||
| ʔ (''' ' ''') | |||
|- | |||
! Affricate | |||
| | |||
| ts~t͡ʃ ('''ts''') || t͡ɬ~tl ('''tl''') | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Continuant | |||
| | |||
| s~ʃ ('''s''') || l~ɾ ('''l''') | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| h~ɦ ('''h''') | |||
|- | |||
! Semivowel | |||
| | |||
|colspan=2| | |||
| j ('''y''') | |||
| w ('''u''') | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
The [[wp:Glottal_stop|glottal stop]] is not phonemic but is included in the chart above for completeness. It is only ever intervocalic, meaning it is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs. | |||
* '''Prenasalized''': /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/ | |||
* '''Labialized''':/pʷ kʷ mʷ nʷ ʃʷ hʷ t͡ʃʷ/ | |||
* '''Palatalized''': /pʲ kʲ mʲ hʲ/ | |||
=== Free variation === | |||
Because of its small phoneme inventory, '''Kala''' allows for quite a lot of [[wp:Free_variation|allophonic variation]]. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k], /s l h/ as [ʃ ɾ ɦ], and /t͡s t͡ɬ/ as [t͡ʃ t͡l]; also, vowels may be either long or short, but are most often only lengthened when stressed. | |||
=== Sound Changes === | |||
The phoneme /n/ undergoes an assimilatory process when followed by /p~b/ to become /m/. Words that are ostensibly “vowel-initial” tend to be pronounced with an initial glottal stop when occurring within phrases. Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes. However, certain sounds change in a predictable way. For example, /h/ becomes [ɦ] when preceded or followed by a front vowel, including when labialized or palatalized. It is also sometimes realized as [x], or even [χ]. The alveolar affricates are most often /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡ɬ/. The “s” is almost always /ʃ/ unless preceded or followed by a syllable with the onset /t͡ʃ/, in which case “s” becomes /s/. So, '''sama''' (''sun; star; solar'') is /ˈʃaːma/ where '''sitsa''' (''heat; hot'') is /ˈsiːt͡ʃa/ and '''tsisi''' (''embroider; embroidery'') is /t͡ʃiːsi/. /ts~t͡ʃ/ is typically realized as / t͡ʃ / when followed by front vowels, and /ts/ elsewhere. This is also the case with /s~ʃ/; /sa/ >> /ʃi/. | |||
== Vowels == | |||
=== Diphthongs === | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Conscripts]][[Category:Kala]] | [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Conscripts]][[Category:Kala]] | ||
Revision as of 18:15, 23 November 2020
THIS SECTION IS CURRENTLY BEING UPDATED TO REFLECT A NEW GRAMMAR.
The Kala conlang...
Phonology
Consonants
- Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m (m) | n (n) | ɲ (ny) | |||
| Plosive | p~b (p) | t~d (t) | k~g (k) | ʔ ( ' ) | ||
| Affricate | ts~t͡ʃ (ts) | t͡ɬ~tl (tl) | ||||
| Continuant | s~ʃ (s) | l~ɾ (l) | h~ɦ (h) | |||
| Semivowel | j (y) | w (u) | ||||
The glottal stop is not phonemic but is included in the chart above for completeness. It is only ever intervocalic, meaning it is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs.
- Prenasalized: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/
- Labialized:/pʷ kʷ mʷ nʷ ʃʷ hʷ t͡ʃʷ/
- Palatalized: /pʲ kʲ mʲ hʲ/
Free variation
Because of its small phoneme inventory, Kala allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k], /s l h/ as [ʃ ɾ ɦ], and /t͡s t͡ɬ/ as [t͡ʃ t͡l]; also, vowels may be either long or short, but are most often only lengthened when stressed.
Sound Changes
The phoneme /n/ undergoes an assimilatory process when followed by /p~b/ to become /m/. Words that are ostensibly “vowel-initial” tend to be pronounced with an initial glottal stop when occurring within phrases. Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes. However, certain sounds change in a predictable way. For example, /h/ becomes [ɦ] when preceded or followed by a front vowel, including when labialized or palatalized. It is also sometimes realized as [x], or even [χ]. The alveolar affricates are most often /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡ɬ/. The “s” is almost always /ʃ/ unless preceded or followed by a syllable with the onset /t͡ʃ/, in which case “s” becomes /s/. So, sama (sun; star; solar) is /ˈʃaːma/ where sitsa (heat; hot) is /ˈsiːt͡ʃa/ and tsisi (embroider; embroidery) is /t͡ʃiːsi/. /ts~t͡ʃ/ is typically realized as / t͡ʃ / when followed by front vowels, and /ts/ elsewhere. This is also the case with /s~ʃ/; /sa/ >> /ʃi/.
