Qihep-English dictionary

Main article: Qihep

This is a small Qihep-English dictionary. Words are listed according to their trascription in Latin alphabet. For clarity's sake, compound words are listed with the compounding syllables separated by a dot (∙); this aims to show the correct compounding syllables and it is not used in the usual transcription.

A

• a: and, but (conjunction expressing contrapposition)
• ab: about, on (postpos.)
• ab∙ce: to decide
• ab∙ce∙kȳt: decision
• al: milk
• al∙cīn: Milky Way
• an: on, over (postpos., with contact)
• ań: ant
• ar: before, previous, preceding
• ar∙bul∙tsēd: yesterday
• ar∙by∙tsēd: autumn, fall
• ar∙gō∙tsēd: spring
• ar∙gyb∙vran: grandparent
• ar∙mām: grandmother, granny
• ar∙pāp: grandfather
• as: old

Ā

• ā: (postpos., indicates the direct object)
• āf: to fly
• āf∙mek: airplane
• āf∙meś: birdcage, aviary
• āf∙mor: bird
• āf∙oh: wing
• āf∙vran: airplane pilot
• āk: to wonder, to ask yourself
• āl: to choose
• ān: evening
• āń: to marry, marriage, married
• āp: left (position), left of, to the left of
• āś: to open
• āv: flower, blossom, to blossom, to bloom
• āv∙im: flowering, blooming, in bloom, in flower
• āv∙qār∙tsēd: April

B

• ba: like, as, how (postpos.)
• ba∙na∙na: banana
• bāc: water
• bāc∙gȳb∙cā: hydrogen
• beg: to run
• bej: to hit
• bē: sheep, ovine (genderless)
• bē∙bē: flock, herd (of sheep)
• bēl: to leave
• bim: to go to (loc.)
• bim∙śter: planet
• bī: until (time postpos.)
• bly: to become
• boj: war, gomē dīn boj, World War I, goxup dīn boj, World War II
• boj∙vran: warrior
• boj∙pō∙śter: Mars, Martian
• boj∙pō∙śter∙vran: a Martian
• box: evidential particle (expressing doubt)
• bōl: big
• bōl∙bāc: sea
• bōl∙bāc∙pō∙śter: Neptune
• brā: lightning
• brā∙hor: electricity, electric
• brā∙hor∙pi∙cin: electrical current, electricity
• brā∙svūk: thunder
• brā∙tā: flash, lightning
• brin: to lose ((an object)), to misplace
• broj: number
• bu: gold, golden
• bul: sun
• bul∙cin: yellow
• bul∙tsēd: day
• bum: six
• būf: shoe, shoes
• byl: city
• bȳ: cold
• bȳs: bee
• bȳs∙wo: honey
• bȳ∙tsēd: winter

C

• ca: to divide, to subdivide, to separate
• caj: tea
• cak: to wait for
• can: short, little
• cas: hour
• caś: glass, cup
• cax: to eat
• cax∙nēc: hunger
• cax∙nēc∙cum: to starve
• cax∙nēc∙im: hungry
• cax∙or: edible
• cā: part
• cā∙nēm: to take part, to join
• cāx: food
• ce: to cut
• ce∙oh: scissor
• cē: knife
• cē∙bej: to stab, to knife
• ci: three
• cin: way, manner
• cīn: street, road, way
• cu: ill, sick, illness, sickness
• cum: to die, death
• cūv: feel, feeling, sense

D

• dān: moment, instant, circumstance
• den: child (genderless), son, daughter
• den∙den: offspring, progeny, descendants
• des: modal particle, wish, would like
• dīn: world
• do: personal pronoun, this, that, (indicates something undefined and inanimate, or everything we've already talked about before)
• dōm: house, home
• drug: other
• dum: word

E

• e: with (postpos. it indicates company)
• e∙bej: to fight, fight
• e∙bej∙kȳt: battle
• e∙bej∙mor: fighter, soldier
• e∙bej∙tān: battle, fight
• e∙bim∙śter: satellite, vran∙skyt∙sy e∙bim∙śter, artificial satellite
• ec: safe, harmless
• eg: strong, strength
• eh: hello, to say hello, to greet
• e∙kūr: to smoke (cigars, cigarettes, etc.)
• el: grape
• e∙lān: state, country, nation
• e∙lān∙sō∙hor: citizenship
• e∙lān∙tān: nationality
• el∙wo: wine
• e∙nē: to connect, to link, connection, link
• e∙nēm: to understand
• e∙piǵ: to notice (with sight)
• e∙pik: to pick up, to collect, to harvest
• e∙pik∙qār∙tsēd: September
• er: chicken, hen, rooster, cock
• es: seed, to seed, to plant a seed
• e∙stā∙kȳt: system, bul e∙stā∙kȳt, Solar System
• eś: to rise, to rise up, to rise from the horizon
• ew: fox

Ē

• ē: to be there, to be present, to exist
• ēf: high, in a high location, in a high position
• ēh: to play (ō, with)
• ēh∙oh: toy
• ēk: to lead, to carry
• ēk∙mor: leader
• ēm: to own, to possess, to have
• ēń: angry, anger, wrath
• ēń∙im: angry, wrathful
• ēp: to thank, thanks, thank you, ēp∙ēp: thank you very much
• ēq: dry, arid, dessicated, to drain, to dry out
• ēt: to wash, washing
• ēt∙mek: washing machine
• ēt∙oh: soap
• ēv: colour
• ēv∙im: coloured, colourful, vivid
• ēv∙lā∙sās: coloured pencil
• ēw: light (adj.), not heavy

F

• fa: (particle indicating the perfective aspect)
• fa∙ab∙ce: to judge, to evaluate
• fa∙ab∙ce∙kȳt: judgement, sentence, evaluation
• fa∙ab∙ce∙mor: judge, magistrate
• fa∙bej: to kill
• fa∙bej∙kȳt: kill, omicide
• fa∙bej∙mor: killer
• fa∙e∙nēm: to realise
• fa∙ē: to happen, to occur, to befall
• fa∙ēk: to manage, to run, to supervise
• fa∙ēk∙mor: manager, supervisor
• fa∙ē∙kȳt: event, occurrence, happening, what has happened
• fa∙jan: to impede, to avoid, to prevent
• fa∙kāǵ: to mean, meaning
• fa∙kraj: to extinguish, to put out, to blow out
• fa∙kreś: to donate, to give a present, to make a gift
• fa∙kȳr: to turn, to rotate (tr.)
• fa∙kȳr∙kȳt: rotation, turn
• fa∙mar: to be commited, to commit to, to work hard, to put effort into
• fa∙mī: to consider, to have an opinion (ba, as)
• fa∙mī∙kȳt: opinion
• fa∙na∙troj: to explode, to blow up
• fa∙na∙troj∙mek: detonator, trigger
• fa∙na∙troj∙oh: bomb, explosive, na∙ca∙cā fa∙na∙troj∙oh: atomic bomb
• fa∙na∙troj∙kȳt: explosion
• fa∙nē: federal, federative
• fa∙nē∙kȳt: federation
• fa∙nēm: to catch, to grab, to capture, to arrest
• fa∙piǵ: to observe, to watch carefull, to guard
• fa∙piǵ∙piǵ: to admire, to enjoy (with sight)
• fa∙ra: to calculate
• fa∙ra∙oh: calculator
• fa∙ra∙mek: computer
• fa∙ras∙bej: to annihilate, to wipe out, to vanquish
• fa∙ras∙bej∙kȳt: annihilation, total destruction
• fa∙skyt: to work, to handle, to redefine
• fa∙skyt∙snā∙kȳt: engineering
• fa∙skyt∙vran: engineer
• fa∙svūk: noise, racket, uproar, confusion
• fa∙tā: to shine
• fa∙tā∙kreś: to illuminate, to light up
• fa∙tsāl: total, entire, complete, sum
• fa∙tsāl∙skyt: to complete, to accomplish
• fa∙tsel: goal, target
• fa∙un∙po: 1. to put into, to insert, 2. to fuck
• fa∙ūj: climate, climatic
• fa∙vīn: sentence, conviction, condemnation (ō, to)
• fa∙vīn∙kreś: to convict, to condemn, to sentence (ō, to)
• fa∙xēp: to talk (as an activity), to talk about something
• fār: danger
• fār∙im: dangerous
• fe: regarding, relating, in comparison to (postpos.)
• fī: tall
• fīp: tip, highpoint, peak
• fī∙troj∙kȳt: tower
• fōr: (particle indicating the hypothetic mode)
• fran: wood (material)
• fran∙cin: brown
• frīn: sale
• frīn∙kreś: to sell
• frīn∙meś: market
• fro: to annoy, annoyance, to disturb, disturbance,
• fu: (particle indicating relative future tense), fu ta: (particles indicating future in the past tense)
• fut: (particle indicating future tense)
• fȳ: wrong, mistaken, incorrect, false

G

• ga: to invite, invitation
• gā: guest, to have as a guest
• ge: straight, which is straightforward
• ge∙bim: to go straight
• ge∙qin: to come straight
• gē: straight, straight from (adv.)
• go: -th (forming ordinal numbers)
• gō: hot
• gō∙gō∙qār∙tsēd: August
• gō∙qār∙tsēd: July
• gō∙tsēd: summer
• grah: frog
• grāf: line
• grēś: error, mistake, to be in error, to make an error
• grēx: sin
• grūn: ground, soil, land
• grūn∙pōm: potato, śrī∙sy grūn∙pōm: French fry, chip
• gō∙gō∙qār∙tsēd: August
• gō∙qār∙tsēd: July
• gū: oath, vow, Xip∙po∙kra∙tēs gū: Hippocratic oath
• gū∙kāǵ: to take an oath, to pledge, to swear
• gy: in front of, opposite (postpos.)
• gyb: to be born, birth
• gyb∙xēp: mother tongue, mother language, native language
• gyb∙vran: parent
• gȳ: in front, opposite (adv.)
• gȳb: to give life, to create, to generate

Ǵ

• ǵi: strange
• ǵī: foreign
• ǵīv: to live, life, alive
• ǵīv∙sē: lifeless
• ǵīv∙sēr: mercury (element, substance)
• ǵīv∙snā∙kȳt: biology
• ǵī∙xēp: foreign language
• ǵu: large, wide
• ǵū: true, right, correct
• ǵyv: animal

H

• hor: power, dominion
• hor∙byl: capital city
• hor∙ēk∙mor: monarch, supreme leader
• hor∙fa∙ēk∙kȳt: ministry (mandate)
• hor∙fa∙ēk∙meś: ministry (place, building)
• hor∙fa∙ēk∙mor: minister
• hor∙fa∙ēk∙tān: ministry (as an entity)
• hor∙oh: law, legal
• hor∙pō∙śter: Jupiter (planet)
• hor∙skyt: to rule, to govern
• hor∙skyt∙kȳt: government, mandate of government (mandate)
• hor∙skyt∙mor: governor
• hor∙skyt∙tān: government (as an entity)
• hor∙stā∙tān: state (as an entity)
• hor∙vran: monarch, sovereign, king, queen
• hor∙vran∙meś: kingdom
• hor∙ōw∙oh: throne
• hrȳf: to snore, snore, snoring

I

• i: and (connecting elements in the same clause)
• il: to like
• il∙cin: pleasant, enjoyable, gladly
• -im: full of, -ous (suffix)
• ir: few, a little, a few
• is: iron

Ī

• ī: and (connecting different clauses)
• īd: wheat
• īf: sulphur
• īǵ: lead (metal)
• īń: hunt, to hunt, to go hunting
• īń∙kȳt: game, wild game (what is hunted)
• īń∙mor: hunter
• īń∙tān: hunt (a single hunting event)
• īq: metal
• īs: easy
• īt, full (o, of)

J

• jan: to stop
• jēq: to send
• juǵ: south, Southern

K

• kōp: head, highest part
• kōp∙dīn: sky, heaven
• kōp∙krīv: hat
• kraj: end, final part, to finish (intr.)

L

• la: (particle indicating plurality), many
• lā: to write
• lā∙mek: typewriter
• lā∙mor: writer
• lān: land, estate, territory
• lā∙oh: pen
• lā∙sās: pencil
• lā∙ūk: charachter, logogram, letter
• lāx: sport
• le: (particle indicating topicalization)
• lē: to learn (without studying)
• lēd: ice
• lēd∙by: icy cold, very cold
• lēd∙qār∙tsēd: November
• li: eye
• lis: leaf
• lis∙qār∙tsēd: October
• lī: between, among (postpos.
• lī∙āl: to elect, election
• lī∙krāx: to interrupt, interruption
• lī∙muh: to translate, translation (ud, from, to, to, in)
• lī∙muh∙mor: translator
• lī∙muh∙tān: translation (as an activity)
• lī∙ōf: to graft, graft, transplant, transplantation
• līx: to bring, to take (from there to here)
• lo: (particle indicating questions)
• lon: loan
• lon∙kreś: to lend, to loan
• lon∙nēm: to borrow
• lō: mountain
• lu: to hope, hope
• lū: afternoon

M

• ma: you (singular), thou, thee, yourself, thyself, ma dī, your, yours, thy, ma la, you (plural), yourselves, ma la dī, your, yours
• maj: ever (particle indicating the experiencial mode)
• mar: to work, to have a job (ba, as)
• mar∙meś: workplace
• mar∙mor: worker
• mā: much, in great quantity, many
• mām: mother, mom
• mām∙res∙mū: aunt (sister of the mother)
• mām∙tan∙mū: uncle (brother of the mother)
• mār: busy, occupied, to be busy
• me: custom, habit, use
• mek: machine, mechanical tool
• meś: place, location
• meś∙tsel: destination, goal
• mew: cat
• mē: one, only, unique
• mē∙cin: only, exclusively
• mēm: same
• mē∙skyt: to unite, to unify
• mē∙skyt∙kȳt: union
• mē∙ūx: main, primary, leading
• mil: million, one million
• miś: to mix, to mix up
• mī: to think
• mī∙pōs: reason, intellect
• mīś: mouse
• mo: (particle indicating present tense), right now
• -mor: (particle indicating the doer of a verb), -er
• mo∙stā∙tān: situation, present event
• mō: bridge
• mū: sibling
• mūh: to bring (from here to there)
• mȳ: cattle, bovine, cow, bull, calf

N

• na-: un-, a-, non-, dis- (prefix indicating a negative or contrary meaning)
• na∙ca∙cā: atom
• nah: they say that, it is said that, I heard that (particle indicating a referred speech)
• nan: no, none (adj.)
• nan∙skyt∙tsēd: holiday, time off, vacation
• na∙pik: enemy
• na∙smēl: unripe
• nat: not, don't, doesn't (verbal negation)
• nat∙bul∙tsēd: saturday
• na∙troj: to destroy
• na∙troj∙kȳt: destruction
• nā: no (direct answer)
• nār: that, those (far from both speakers)
• nār∙meś: there (far from both speakers)
• nec: need to (verbal particle indicating the necessity mode)
• nev: snow
• nev∙bim: to snow
• nē: to tie, to bind, to fasten
• nēc: need, necessity
• nēm: to take, to get, to catch
• nēm∙vran: thief
• nis: to stop, to halt, to come to a halt (intr.)
• nos: nose
• nō: foot
• nō∙ac: toe
• nō∙bim: to walk
• nōt: emergency, urgency
• nōt∙ru: emergency call
• nu: again, anew, one more time
• nū: new
• nūt: to use, to make use of, to employ

Ń

• ńak: any, a certain, kind of (undefined adjective of quality)
• ńak∙mā: some, any (undefined adjective of quantity)
• ńā: to believe in, to have faith in
• ńā∙tām: belief, conviction, faith in
• ńi: to lack, to be absent, to be missing
• ńik: every, all
• ńik∙pos∙im: allmighty, omnipotent
• ńik∙vran: everyone, everybody
• ńik∙vran∙hor: democracy
• ńīm: name, to have a name, to be called
• ńīm∙kreś: to name, to call, to give a name
• ńo: before
• ńo∙ju: to prepare, to get ready
• ńo∙ju∙tān: preparation
• ńo∙piǵ: to foresee, to predict, to forecast
• ńo∙piǵ∙kȳt: forecast, prediction
• ńo∙qol: arm
• ńo∙qol∙xrēj: elbow
• ńo∙no: leg
• ńo∙no∙xrēj: knee
• ńō: time (single occasion)
• ńȳ: empty

O

• o: in, at (postpos. indicating the precise moment)
• ob: around (postpos. indicating the movement around something, the movement in a circle)
• ob∙nō∙bim: to walk, to stroll, to go walking around, walk, stroll
• ob∙miś: to confuse, to mix
• ob∙of∙oh: screw (tool
• ob∙stā∙tān: circumstance
• ob∙vid: circle, round, circular
• oc: to slip, to slide
• of: hole, to drill, to pierce
• of∙mek: drill, borer (mechanical tool)
• of∙oh: nail, spike
• og: behind (postpos.)
• og∙cō: back (part of the body)
• og∙hāl: nape (part of the body)
• -oh: (suffix forming tool names, instrument names)
• om: coin
• om∙cin: economy, economic
• om∙cin∙tān: affair, business
• om∙cin∙vran: businessman
• om∙om: money
• on: for (postpos. indicating the amount of time)
• op: to pull
• -or: -able (suffix indicating that can be X-ed)
• oś: to move (only himself)
• ot: right (direction), which is on the right, on the right
• ot∙bim: to go to the right (loc.)
• ot∙qin: to come to the right (loc.)

Ō

• ōl: oil, cooking oil
• ōń: weak

P

• pād: to fall
• piǵ: to see
• piǵ∙śak: to look for, to search for, research
• pīr: fire
• pū: night

Q

• qār: moon
• qār∙tsēd: month
• qēm: it (indicating objects or small or ungendered animals)
• qin: to come (loc.)
• qī: Qi, Qihep (pertaining or related to the Qihep culture or language)
• qo: five
• qol: hand
• qōc: to cook, cooking
• qum: to find
• qur: thousand, one thousand

R

• ra: to reckon, to count
• ras: (postpos. indicating multiple directions)
• ras∙ca: to divide, to separate, division, separation (in multiple parts or direction)
• ras∙bej: to defeat, defeat
• ras∙es: to seed a field, to sow, to plant a field, seeding, sowing, planting
• ras∙es∙qār∙tsēd: May
• ras∙jēq: to scatter, to disperse
• rā: (particle indicating remote, historical past), a long ago
• res: feminine, womanly
• res∙hor∙vran: queen
• res∙mū: sister
• res∙vran: woman
• rē: (particle indicating the repetitive mode), to keep on
• ri: back, again
• ri∙bim: to go back, to return
• ri∙kāǵ: to answer, to reply
• ri∙qin: to come back, to return
• ro: (particle indicating the potential mode), may
• rof: dog
• rok: year
• rok∙tsēd: season
• rō: eight
• ru: to call
• rus: countryside
• ryb: fish
• ryf: to bark
• rȳ: to shiver, to tremble, to shake, to quiver
• rȳb: to fish
• rȳb∙mor: fisherman
• rȳb∙oh: hook (to fish)
• rȳs: she, her, herself, rȳs dī, her, hers, rȳs la, they, them, themselves (all-female), rȳs la dī, their, theirs (of an all-female group)

S

• sa: to read
• sās: stone, rock
• sās∙ōl: oil, petrol, petroleum
• sē: without (postpos.)
• skām: to substitute for, to stand in for, take one's place, which is instead of
• sluh: vase
• smāx: kiss, to kiss
• smē: laughing, to laugh
• spȳ: sleep, to sleep
• spȳ∙piǵ: dream, to dream
• sqoc: bone
• sqoc∙sqoc: skeleton
• stā: to be in, to be situated in (loc.)

Ś

• śa: ear
• śak: follow
• śak∙mor: follower
• śā: happy, happyness
• śe: fast, quick, speedy, fastness, speed, quickness
• śe∙pō∙śter: Mercury (planet)
• śer: wood (material)
• śē: to hear
• śhār: blood
• śhār∙cin: red
• śi: after (postpos., temporal)
• śīr: wide
• śked: saint, holy, sacred
• śked∙skyt: to sanctify, to consacrate
• śluk: evil
• śo: seven
• śo∙tsēd: week
• śo∙tsēd∙kraj: weekend
• śōn: beautiful, beauty
• śōn∙pō∙śter: Venus (planet)
• śpē: late, tardy
• śpom: help
• śpō: calm, relaxed, tranquil, to calm down, to get calm
• śqit: point
• śqit∙vid: punctiform
• śrī: to fry
• śter: star
• śter∙śter: constellation, asterism
• śy: -self (reflexive pronoun)
• śū: to sew, needlework, needlecraft
• śū∙kȳt: seam, stitching
• śū∙mek: sewing machine
• śū∙mor: tailor
• śū∙oh: needle, sewing needle

T

• ta: (particle indicating past tense)
• tan: male, masculine
• tan∙hor∙vran: king
• tan∙mū: brother
• tan∙vran: man, human male
• tā: light (n.)
• tā∙cin: white
• tā∙im: bright, full of light
• -tān: (particle indicating the process of the verb), -ing
• tāp: crystal
• te: far, far away
• te∙piǵ∙mek: television
• te∙piǵ∙oh: telescope
• tēm: tooth
• to: towards, in the direction of (postpos.)
• to∙brin: to lose, to abandon, to leave (feelings, intangible things)
• to∙e∙nēm: to realize, to understand (with the mind)
• to∙ēk: to comand, to control, to order, to dictate
• to∙ēk∙kȳt: command, commandment, order
• to∙ēk∙mor: commander, boss
• to∙fa∙ēk: to administer, to manage, to run
• to∙fār: risk
• to∙fār∙im: risky
• to∙grēx: to tempt
• to∙grēx∙kȳt: temptation
• to∙kāǵ: to tell, to recount, to narrate, story, tale
• to∙kāǵ∙kȳt: story, fable, tale, fairytale
• to∙kōm: to turn on, to switch on, to power on
• to∙kraj: limit, to limit
• to∙kraj∙kȳt: limitation
• to∙kraj∙sē: unlimited, limitless
• to∙kȳr: to turn, to turn around (to, to, towards)
• to∙mī: to consider
• to∙nam∙qem∙skyt: to cancel
• to∙ńā: to believe (tr.)
• to∙piǵ: to look at, to watch
• to∙piģ∙oh: glasses
• to∙pik: to welcome, to receive, to accept
• to∙ru: to call on the phone, to phone
• to∙ru∙kȳt: call (result)
• to∙ru∙tān: call (process)
• to∙śak: to chase, to pursue, chase
• to∙śak∙mor: chaser, pursuer
• to∙śak∙tān: chase, pursue
• to∙śe: to listen to
• trav: grass
• trav∙cin: green
• trīn: to ring, ring
• trīv: isle, island, to isolate
• troj: to build, to build up
• troj∙kāx: bitumen, cement, concrete
• troj∙kȳt: building
• troj∙kȳt∙li: window
• troj∙kȳt∙xep: door, external door
• troj∙sten: wall (of a room)
• troj∙sās: brick
• tryk: to drink
• tryk∙nēc: thirst, thirsty
• tryk∙or: drinkable
• tsal: to pay, payment
• tsap: west, western
• tsā: to dance, dance
• tsāl: whole, entire, all
• tsāl∙tā∙cin: bright, brightness
• tsel: purpose, aim, goal, tsel vor le: in order that, because, so that
• tsēd: period, time
• tsēd∙mek: clock, watch
• tsēd∙pō∙śter: Saturn (planet)
• tsi: to capture, to catch, to grab, to trap, to snare
• tsi∙oh: trap
• tsin∙ky: zinc
• tsī: net
• tsīm: room
• tsīm∙xep: door, internal door
• tsō: to steal, to commit a crime, crime
• tsō∙kȳt: crime
• tsō∙mor: criminal
• tsu: from (postpos. indicating the source or the origin), ma tsu lo, where are you from?
• tū: morning
• ty: ten, -teen, -ty
• tyk: this, this one
• tyk∙bul∙tsēd: today
• tyk∙meś: here
• tȳn: he, him, himself, tȳn dī, his, tȳn la, they, them, themselves, tȳn la dī, their, theirs

U

• u: since (time postp.)
• ul: I, me, myself, ul dī, my, mine, ul la, we, us, ourselves, ul la dī, our, ours
• ud∙po: to emit, to emanate, to radiate
• un: inside (postp.)
• un∙bim: to go in, to get in, to enter (loc.)
• un∙qin: to come in, to get in, to enter (loc.)

Ū

• ū: to (postpos. indicating the indirect object)
• ūc: dress, cloth, clothing, garment, to cloth, to dress, to get dressed
• ūǵ: insect
• ūj: weather
• ūj∙ńo∙piǵ∙kȳt: weather forecast
• ūk: sign, written sign, character
• ūm: mind
• ūr: plant, vegetable
• ūr∙ōf: to plant
• ūs: narrow
• ūs∙bim∙tsīm: corridor, hallway
• ūx: important

V

• va: nine
• vā: (verbal particle indicating the causative mode)
• ve: true, real, truth, reality
• vē: away
• vē∙beg: to run away, escape, flee
• vē∙bim: to go away, to leave
• vid: to seem, seeming, to be alike, to appear like, appearance
• vid∙mēm: identical (fe, to)
• vīn: fault
• vīn∙kreś: to blame
• vīs: superior, higher
• vīs∙hor∙oh: constitution, supreme law
• vīs∙hor∙vran: emperor
• vīs∙hor∙vran∙meś: empire
• vīs∙xūc: higher studies, universitary studies, studying at the university, studying at the college, to study at the university/college
• vīs∙xūc∙kȳt: higher school formation, higher study cycle, universitary formation
• vīs∙xūc∙meś: university, college
• vo: four
• vol: (verbal particle indicating the volitive mode)
• vor: for (postpos. indicating purpose), to (verbal suffix, forming the supine, indicating purpose)
• vor∙ēk: to produce, production
• vor∙ēk∙kȳt: production (result), products
• vor∙ēk∙meś: factory
• vor∙ēk∙mor: producer, maker
• vor∙ēk∙tān: production, productive process
• vor∙ka: to pray, prayer
• vor∙ka∙meś: church, temple
• vor∙kreś: to forgive, forgiveness
• vran∙vran: people, humankind, mankind
• vran: human, person, man (genderless)
• vran∙skyt∙sy: human-made, artificial
• vran∙vran: people, humankind, mankind
• vran∙vran∙hor: republic (as a kind of government)
• vran∙vran∙hor∙meś: republic (as a place)
• vrī: free, untied, unlimited, freedom
• vran∙skyt∙sy: human-made, artificial
• vy: outside, out (postpos.)
• vy∙bim: to go out, to exit
• vy∙op: to pull out, to extract, extraction
• vy∙po: to put something outside
• vy∙qin: to come out, to exit
• vy∙ūm∙bel: to forget
• vȳl: cloud
• vȳl∙im: cloudy, full of clouds
• vȳl∙im∙bly: to cloud over, to become cloudy
• vȳl∙se: cloudless, clear

W

• wa: (postpos., indicates the subject)
• wā: to cry, to weep
• we: to play (an instrument)
• wē: who (interrogative)
• wiś: to wish, wish, will, desire
• wo: juice
• wor: to close
• wor∙oh: key
• wō: how much, how many (interrogative)
• wō∙tān: quantity
• wū: what, (interrogative), where, (interrogative, used with locative verbs)
• wū∙cin: how, in which way (interrogative)
• wū∙dān: when, in which moment (interrogative)
• wū∙meś: where (interrogative, used with non-locative verbs)
• wū∙prīc: why, for which reason (interrogative)
• wū∙tsel: why for which purpose (interrogative)
• wū∙tsēd: when, in which period (interrogative)

X

• xā: to shout (joyfully)
• xep: mouth
• xep∙bāc: saliva
• xep∙svūk: voice
• xēp: language, to speak
• xēp∙oh: telephone, phone
• xēp∙oh∙broj: telephone number
• xēp∙snā∙kȳt: linguistics
• xēp∙snā∙kȳt∙vran: linguist
• xi: to grind, to mince
• xi∙kȳt: what is minced, minced meat
• xi∙meś: mill
• xi∙oh: grinder, millstone
• xi∙tān: grinding
• xī: flour
• xīs: east, Eastern
• xo: along, longside, on (postpos.)
• xoc: hurt, ache
• xrāt: paper
• xrāt∙mar∙meś: office
• xri: throat
• xub: over (without contact, postpos.)
• xub∙xēp: to shout (to be heard), to speak loudly, voice-over
• xup: two
• xū: table
• xū∙ēh: board game
• xūc: to study, to learn
• xūc∙kȳt: education
• xūc∙kreś: to teach, teaching
• xūc∙kreś∙mor: teacher, professor
• xūc∙meś: school
• xūc∙mor: student, pupil
• xūp: double
• xūp∙vran: couple
• xȳr: to sting, sting

Y

• yg: clear (to the mind)
• yg∙mē: agreement
• yg∙mē∙bim: to agree, to get along
• yg∙mē∙skyt: to make an agreement, to agree to
• yg∙skyt: to explain, to clarify
• yg∙skyt∙kȳt: explanation, clarification
• yg∙vid: clear (to the sight)
• yl: by, at (postpos.)
• ym: fog
• yp: to jump, jump, jumping, leap
• yr: near (postpos.)
• yt: but (strong adversative conjunction)

Ȳ

• ȳd: snake
• ȳf: magnet, magnetic
• ȳf∙aǵ: magnetic field
• ȳf∙īǵ: magnet, metallic magnet, a piece of a magnet
• ȳk: meat
• ȳm: sword
• ȳń: sad, sadness
• ȳr: near (adjective)