Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions
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==Pronunciation table== | ==Pronunciation table== | ||
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!Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | !Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki> /s/<br>ס | | align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki> /s/<br>ס | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <š> /ʃ/<br>ש | | align=center | <š> /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <h> /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> | | align=center | <h> /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> | ||
| Line 201: | Line 200: | ||
====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*<sup>1</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are [[Wikipedia:Stop consonants|stops]] when word initial or when syllable initial following a consonant. Otherwise they are the respective [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|fricatives]] /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are [[Wikipedia:Stop consonants|stops]] when word initial (דַּבַר, '''daḅar''', word) or when syllable initial following a consonant (מַלכַּ, '''malka''', queen). Otherwise they are the respective [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|fricatives]] /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. In the Latin alphabet the fricative graphemes are indicated with a dot under the stop graphemes. | ||
*<sup>2</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | ||
*<sup>3</sup> ט ([[Wikipedia:Teth| | *<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> ט ([[Wikipedia:Teth|Tet]]) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת ([[Wikipedia:Taw|Taf]]) /t/. | ||
*<sup>4</sup> ק ([[Wikipedia:Qoph| | *<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> ק ([[Wikipedia:Qoph|Quf]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]). | ||
*<sup>5</sup> The glottal stop | *<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> The glottal stop ([[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., '''נַעַר, na'ar''', boy. | ||
*<sup>6</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)| | *<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]]) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס ([[Wikipedia:Samekh|sámek]]). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin. | ||
*<sup>7</sup> ה ([[Wikipedia:He (letter)| | *<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup> ה ([[Wikipedia:He (letter)|He]]) has been deleted when syllable final. | ||
*<sup>8</sup> ח ([[Wikipedia:Heth| | *<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup> ח ([[Wikipedia:Heth|Heth]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]). | ||
* Use of the five final forms is optional. | * Use of the five final forms is optional. | ||
* There are no geminate consonants. | * There are no geminate consonants. | ||
===Vowel chart=== | ===Vowel chart=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Close | !Close | ||
| align=center | i אִ | | align=center | i /i/~/ɪ/<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>אִ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | u אֻ | | align=center | u /u/<br>אֻ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Close-mid | !Close-mid | ||
| align=center | e אֵ | | align=center | e /e/~/ɛ/<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup><br>אֵ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | o אׇ | | align=center | o<br>אׇ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Mid | !Mid | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | ă<sup>{{Color|red| | | align=center | ă<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ə><br>אְ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | a אַ | | align=center | a<br>אַ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| Line 248: | Line 246: | ||
====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*<sup>1</sup> Influenced by the Romanian [[Wikipedia:Ă|ă]]. | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The two phonemes are [[Wikipedia:Allophone|allophonic]]. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables. | |||
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> Influenced by the Romanian [[Wikipedia:Ă|ă]]. | |||
*All vowels are of equal length. | *All vowels are of equal length. | ||
[[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]] | [[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]] | ||
Revision as of 10:16, 21 April 2020
Pronunciation table
| ă | b | ḅ | d | ḍ | e | g | ġ | h | i | k | ḳ | l | m | n | o | p | ṗ | r | s | ś | š | t | ṭ | u | w | y | z | ' | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אְ | בּ | ב | דּ | ד | אֵ | גּ | ג | ה | אִ | כּ | כ | ל | מ | נ | אָ | פּ | פ | ר | ס | צ | ש | תּ | ת | אֻ | ו | י | ז | ע | |
| /ä/ | /ə/ | /b/ | /v/ | /d/ | /ð/ | /e/ | /g/ | /ʝ/ | /h/ | /i/ | /k/ | /ç/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /o/ | /p/ | /f/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /ʦ/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ | /z/ | /ʔ/ |
Part I - Phonology
Consonant chart
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | <m> /m/ מ/ם |
<n> /n/ נ/ן |
||||
| Voiceless Stop1 | <p> /p/ פּ2 |
<t> /t/ תּ3 |
<k> /k/ כּ4 |
<'> /ʔ/ ע5 | ||
| Voiced Stop | <b> /b/ בּ |
<d> /d/ דּ |
<g> /g/ גּ |
|||
| Sibilant Affricate | <ś> /ʦ/ צ/ץ |
|||||
| Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | <s> /s/ ס |
<š> /ʃ/ ש6 |
<h> /h/ ה7 | |||
| Voiced Sibilant Fricative | <z> /z/ ז |
|||||
| Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | <ṗ> /f/ פ/ף |
<ṭ> /θ/ ת |
<ḳ> /ç/ כ/ך8 |
|||
| Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | <ḅ> /v/ ב |
<ḍ> /ð/ ד |
<ġ> /ɣ/ ג |
|||
| Approximant | <w> /w/ ו |
<y> /j/ י |
||||
| Trill | <r> /ɾ/ ר |
|||||
| Lateral approximant | <l> /l/ ל |
Notes
- 1 The begadkepat consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are stops when word initial (דַּבַר, daḅar, word) or when syllable initial following a consonant (מַלכַּ, malka, queen). Otherwise they are the respective fricatives /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. In the Latin alphabet the fricative graphemes are indicated with a dot under the stop graphemes.
- 2 The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
- 3 ט (Tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (Taf) /t/.
- 4 ק (Quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
- 5 The glottal stop (Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַעַר, na'ar, boy.
- 6 שׂ (Sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (sámek). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
- 7 ה (He) has been deleted when syllable final.
- 8 ח (Heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
- Use of the five final forms is optional.
- There are no geminate consonants.
Vowel chart
| Front | Near Front | Cental | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/~/ɪ/1 אִ |
u /u/ אֻ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/~/ɛ/2 אֵ |
o אׇ | ||
| Mid | ă3 <ə> אְ |
|||
| Open | a אַ |
Notes
- 1 The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables.
- 2 The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables.
- 3 Influenced by the Romanian ă.
- All vowels are of equal length.
