Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:06, 5 February 2020

Pronunciation table

a	ă	b	ḅ	d	ḍ	e	g	ġ	h	i	k	ḳ	l	m	n	o	p	ṗ	r	s	ś	š	t	ṭ	u	w	y	z	'
/ä/	/ə/	/b/	/v/	/d/	/ð/	/e/	/g/	/ʝ/	/h/	/i/	/k/	/ç/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/p/	/f/	/ɾ/	/s/	/ʦ/	/ʃ/	/t/	/θ/	/u/	/w/	/j/	/z/	/ʔ/

Part I - Phonology

Consonant chart

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Nasal	<m> /m/ מ/ם	<n> /n/ נ/ן
Voiceless Stop¹	<p> /p/ פּ²	<t> /t/ תּ³		<k> /k/ כּ⁴		<'> /ʔ/ ע⁵
Voiced Stop	<b> /b/ בּ	<d> /d/ דּ		<g> /g/ גּ
Sibilant Affricate			<ś> /ʦ/ צ/ץ
Voiceless Sibilant Fricative		<s> /s/ ס⁶		<š> /ʃ/ ש		<h> /h/ ה⁷
Voiced Sibilant Fricative		<z> /z/ ז
Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative	<ṗ> /f/ פ/ף	<ṭ> /θ/ ת		<ḳ> /ç/ כ/ך⁸
Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative	<ḅ> /v/ ב	<ḍ> /ð/ ד		<ġ> /ɣ/ ג
Approximant	<w> /w/ ו				<y> /j/ י
Trill			<r> /ɾ/ ר
Lateral approximant		<l> /l/ ל

Notes

¹ The begadkepat consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are stops when word initial or when syllable initial following a consonant. Otherwise they are the respective fricatives /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. The fricative graphemes in the Latin alphabet are indicated with a dot under the stop graphemes.
² The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
³ ט (tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (taf) /t/.
⁴ ק (quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (ka).
⁵ The glottal stop /ʔ/ (') <ע> is used only to separate contiguous vowels, e.g., נַעַר, na'ar, boy.
⁶ שׂ (sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (sámex). Thus the dot is not needed for shin.
⁷ ה (he) has been deleted when syllable final.
⁸ ח (heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (ka).
Use of the five final forms is optional.
There are no geminate consonants.

Vowel chart

	Front	Near Front	Cental	Back
Close	i אִ			u אֻ
Close-mid	e אֵ			o אׇ
Mid			ă¹ <ə> אְ
Open		a אַ

Notes

¹ Influenced by the Romanian ă.
All vowels are of equal length.
Syllabic and initial vowels are written under aleph, so there is no need for matres lectionis.

Grammar

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <font size = 4>
+==Pronunciation table==
+{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1000px;"
+!<center>a</center>
+!ă
+!b
+!ḅ
+!d
+!ḍ
+!e
+!g
+!ġ
+!h
+!i
+!k
+!ḳ
+!l
+!m
+!n
+!o
+!p
+!ṗ
+!r
+!s
+!ś
+!š
+!t
+!ṭ
+!u
+!w
+!y
+!z
+!'
+|-
+|/ä/
+|/ə/
+|/b/
+|/v/
+|/d/
+|/ð/
+|/e/
+|/g/
+|/ʝ/
+|/h/
+|/i/
+|/k/
+|/ç/
+|/l/
+|/m/
+|/n/
+|/o/
+|/p/
+|/f/
+|/ɾ/
+|/s/
+|/ʦ/
+|/ʃ/
+|/t/
+|/θ/
+|/u/
+|/w/
+|/j/
+|/z/
+|/ʔ/
+|}
 ==Part I - Phonology==
@@ Line 14: / Line 81: @@
 |-
 !Nasal
-| align=center | m /m/<br>מ/ם
+| align=center | <m>  /m/<br>מ/ם
-| align=center | n /n/<br>נ/ן
+| align=center | <n>  /n/<br>נ/ן
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 22: / Line 89: @@
 |-
 !Voiceless Stop<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
-| align=center | p /p/<br>פּ<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
+| align=center | <nowiki><p></nowiki>  /p/<br>פּ<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup>
-| align=center | t /t/<br>תּ<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
+| align=center | <t>  /t/<br>תּ<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup>
 | align=center |
-| align=center | k /k/<br>כּ<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
+| align=center | <k>  /k/<br>כּ<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
 | align=center |
-| align=center | ' /ʔ/<br>ע<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
+| align=center | <'>  /ʔ/<br>ע<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
 |-
 !Voiced Stop
-| align=center | b /b/<br>בּ
+| align=center | <nowiki><b></nowiki>  /b/<br>בּ
-| align=center | d /d/<br>דּ
+| align=center | <d>  /d/<br>דּ
 | align=center |
-| align=center | g /g/<br>גּ
+| align=center | <g>  /g/<br>גּ
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 40: / Line 107: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | ṡ /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
+| align=center | <ś>  /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 47: / Line 114: @@
 !Voiceless Sibilant Fricative
 | align=center |
-| align=center | s /s/<br>ס<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
+| align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki>  /s/<br>ס<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
 | align=center |
-| align=center | š /ʃ/<br>ש
+| align=center | <š>  /ʃ/<br>ש
 | align=center |
-| align=center | h /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup>
+| align=center | <h>  /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|7}}</sup>
 |-
 !Voiced Sibilant Fricative
 | align=center |
-| align=center | z /z/<br>ז
+| align=center | <z>  /z/<br>ז
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 62: / Line 129: @@
 |-
 !Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative
-| align=center | f /f/<br>פ/ף
+| align=center | <ṗ>  /f/<br>פ/ף
-| align=center | ŧ /θ/<br>ת
+| align=center | <ṭ>  /θ/<br>ת
 | align=center |
-| align=center | x /ç/<br>כ/ך<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup>
+| align=center | <ḳ>  /ç/<br>כ/ך<sup>{{Color|red|8}}</sup>
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
 |-
 !Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative
-| align=center | v /v/<br>ב
+| align=center | <ḅ>  /v/<br>ב
-| align=center | đ /ð/<br>ד
+| align=center | <ḍ>  /ð/<br>ד
 | align=center |
-| align=center | q /ɣ/<br>ג
+| align=center | <ġ>  /ɣ/<br>ג
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
 |-
 !Approximant
-| align=center | w /w/<br>ו
+| align=center | <w>  /w/<br>ו
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | y /j/<br>י
+| align=center | <y>  /j/<br>י
 | align=center |
 |-
@@ Line 88: / Line 155: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | r /ɾ/<br>ר
+| align=center | <r>  /ɾ/<br>ר
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 95: / Line 162: @@
 !Lateral approximant
 | align=center |
-| align=center | l /l/<br>ל
+| align=center | <l>  /l/<br>ל
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 103: / Line 170: @@
 ====Notes====
-*<sup>1</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are [[Wikipedia:Stop consonants|stops]] when word initial or when syllable initial following a consonant. Otherwise they are the respective [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|fricatives]] /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/.
+*<sup>1</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are [[Wikipedia:Stop consonants|stops]] when word initial or when syllable initial following a consonant. Otherwise they are the respective [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|fricatives]] /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. The fricative graphemes in the Latin alphabet are indicated with a dot under the stop graphemes.
 *<sup>2</sup> The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants.
 *<sup>3</sup> ט ([[Wikipedia:Teth|tet]]) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת ([[Wikipedia:Taw|taf]]) /t/.
 *<sup>4</sup> ק ([[Wikipedia:Qoph|quf]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|ka]]).
-*<sup>5</sup> The glottal stop /ʔ/ (') <ע> is used only to separate contiguous vowels, e.g., '''na'ar''', boy.
+*<sup>5</sup> The glottal stop /ʔ/ (') <ע> is used only to separate contiguous vowels, e.g., '''נַעַר, na'ar''', boy.
 *<sup>6</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|sin]]) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס ([[Wikipedia:Samekh|sámex]]). Thus the dot is not needed for shin.
 *<sup>7</sup> ה ([[Wikipedia:He (letter)|he]]) has been deleted when syllable final.
@@ Line 152: / Line 219: @@
 *<sup>1</sup> Influenced by the Romanian [[Wikipedia:Ă|ă]].
 *All vowels are of equal length.
-*Syllabic vowels are written under [[Wikipedia:Aleph|aleph]], so there is no need for [[Wikipedia:Mater lectionis|''matres lectionis'']].
+*Syllabic and initial vowels are written under [[Wikipedia:Aleph|aleph]], so there is no need for [[Wikipedia:Mater lectionis|''matres lectionis'']].
 [[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]]

Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:06, 5 February 2020

Contents

Pronunciation table

Part I - Phonology

Consonant chart

Notes

Vowel chart

Notes

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