Hudío Phonology

Part I - Phonology

Consonant chart

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Nasal	m /m/ מ/ם	n /n/ נ/ן
Voiceless Stop1	p /p/ פּ2	t /t/ תּ3		k /k/ כּ4		' /ʔ/ ע5
Voiced Stop	b /b/ בּ	d /d/ דּ		g /g/ גּ
Sibilant Affricate			ṡ /ʦ/ צ/ץ
Voiceless Sibilant Fricative		s /s/ ס6		š /ʃ/ ש		h /h/ ה7
Voiced Sibilant Fricative		z /z/ ז
Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative	f /f/ פ/ף	ŧ /θ/ ת		x /ç/ כ/ך8
Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative	v /v/ ב	đ /ð/ ד		q /ɣ/ ג
Approximant	w /w/ ו				y /j/ י
Trill			r /ɾ/ ר
Lateral approximant		l /l/ ל

Notes

• ¹ The begadkepat consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are stops when word initial or when syllable initial following a consonant. Otherwise they are the respective fricatives /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/.
• ² The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
• ³ ט (tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (taf) /t/.
• ⁴ ק (quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (ka).
• ⁵ The glottal stop /ʔ/ (') <ע> is used only to separate contiguous vowels, e.g., na'ar, boy.
• ⁶ שׂ (sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (sámex). Thus the dot is not needed for shin.
• ⁷ ה (he) has been deleted when syllable final.
• ⁸ ח (heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (ka).
• Use of the five final forms is optional.
• There are no geminate consonants.

Vowel chart

	Front	Near Front	Cental	Back
Close	i אִ			u אֻ
Close-mid	e אֵ			o אׇ
Mid			ă1 <ə> אְ
Open		a אַ

Notes

• ¹ Influenced by the Romanian ă.
• All vowels are of equal length.
• Syllabic vowels are written under aleph, so there is no need for matres lectionis.

Grammar