Celestial Laefêvëši pronouns

Celestial Laefêvëši has many types of pronouns.

Substantival pronoun

Personal pronouns

Case	Singular
	1st person			2nd person			3rd person			4th person (obviative)
	Long	Short	Clitic	Long	Short	Clitic	Long	Short	Clitic
Nominative	ós	ó		sé	é		jâ; dô	â; ô		léis
Genitive	vrai	va		stai	sa		trai	ta		lau
Dative	vriu	vi	vl-	stiu	si	st-	triu	ti	tr-	leu
Accusative	vrei	ve	vj-	stei	se	sj-	trei	te	tj-	lei
Locative	vrui	vu		stui	su		trui	tu		lui
Instrumental	vroi	vo		stoi	so		trói	to		lou

Case	Dual
	1st person				2nd person		3rd person
	Inclusive		Exclusive		Inclusive	Exclusive
	Long	Short	Long	Short
Nominative	hat	hâ	xat	xâ	tal	dal	kû
Genitive	hrai		xirrai		čai	dilai	kjai
Dative	hriu		xirriu		čiu	diliu	kjiu
Accusative	hrei		xirrei		čei	dilei	kjei
Locative	hrui		xirrui		čui	dilui	kjui
Instrumental	hroi		xirroi		čoi	diloi	kjoi

Case	Plural
	1st person		2nd person		3rd person
	Inclusive	Exclusive	Inclusive	Exclusive	Long	Short
Nominative	njûn	njôr	pal	bal	jî
Genitive	njai	rjai	prai	birrai	jai
Dative	njiu	rjiu	priu	birriu	jiu	ji
Accusative	njei	rjei	prei	birrei	jei	je
Locative	njui	rjui	prui	birrui	jui
Instrumental	njoi	rjoi	proi	birroi	joi

Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns

Case	Reflexive	Reciprocal
Nominative	(nî-)	(nû-)
Genitive	nai	nûda
Dative	niu	nûdi
Accusative	nei	nûde
Locative	nui	nûdu
Instrumental	noi	nûd

Other pronouns

Case	Interrogative		Relative		Relative unspecified		Indefinite		Negative		Unspecified
	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate
Nom.	sél	séi	sól	sós	sóles	sóxes	tél	téi	tól	tóh	sêl	síu
Gen.	sái	sák	sói	sók	sóies	sóges	tái	ták	tói	tók	sáu	sâk
Dat.	sán	sát	sór	sót	sóres	soðes	tán	tás	tór	tós	sân	sât
Acc.	séu	sét	sóu	sút	sóues	súðes	téu	tés	tóu	tús	sǿn	sǿt
Loc.	sén	sém	són	sóm	sóŋes	sôŋes	tén	tém	tón	tóm	sên	sêm
Inst.	sín	sím	sún	súm	súŋes	sûŋes	tín	tím	tún	túm	sýn	sým

Case	Total		Manifold
			la- (many)		xa- (many)		ta- (few)		ja- (rarely)
	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate	Animate	Inanimate
Nom.	fél	féi	lás	lîn	xás	xîn	tás	tîn	jás	jîn
Gen.	fái	fâk	lái	lák	xái	xák	tái	ták	jái	ják
Dat.	fân	fât	lán	lár	xán	xár	tán	tár	ján	jár
Acc.	féu	fét	lýn	lýs	xýn	xýs	týn	týs	jýn	jýs
Loc.	fén	fém	lén	lém	xén	xém	tén	tém	jén	jém
Inst.	fîn	fím	lûn	lûm	xûn	xûm	tûn	tûm	jûn	jûm

Combinations

Indefinite-relative

The combined indefinite-relative pronouns are pronouns made from an indefinite and a relative pronoun. Pronouns are inflected by case and therefore cannot be the object and the subject of two different verbs at the same time. The usual construction is to use two pronouns separated by a comma, thus forming two clauses. With combined indefinite-relative pronouns, it becomes possible to use a single pronoun which is both the object and the subject of two different verbs at the same time.

Example:

• How can you miss something (that) you never had?
• Váj fíllallén tés, sók énnanaiŋe?
• Váj fíllallén téssok énnanaiŋe?

Cases	Indefinite	Relative	Indefinite-relative
Nom + Nom	téi	sós	teós
Nom + Gen	téi	sók	teók
Nom + Acc	téi	sút	teút
Acc + Nom	tés	sós	téssos
Acc + Gen	tés	sók	téssok
Acc + Acc	tés	sút	téssut

Personal-summative

This kind of pronouns correspond to English we all, you all, they all pronouns. In contrary to other personal pronouns, personal-summative pronouns do not have a verbal form.

Case	Personal-summative (plural)
	1st person								2nd person								3rd person				4th person (obviative)
	Inclusive				Exclusive				Inclusive				Exclusive
	Long	Short	Prep.		Long	Short	Prep.		Long	Short	Prep.		Long	Short	Prep.		Long	Short	Prep.		Long	Short	Prep.
Nominative	skjûn	skû			skjôr	skjô			stjál	stjâ			stál	stâ			kvôn	kvî
Genitive	skjái	skja	skjá-		skái	ska	ská-		stjái	stja	stjá-		stái	sta	stá-		kvái	kva	kvá-
Dative	skjéu	skjø	skjǿ-		skéu	skø	skǿ-		stjéu	stjø	stjǿ-		stíu	sti	stí-		kvéu	kvø	kvǿ-
Accusative	skjéi	skje	skjé-		skéi	ske	ské-		stjéi	stje	stjé-		stéi	ste	sté-		kvéi	kve	kvé-
Locative	skjúi	skju	skjú-		skúi	sku	skú-		stjúi	stju	stjú-		stúi	stu	stú-		kvúi	kvu	kvú-
Instrumental	skjói	skjo	skjó-		skói	sko	skó-		stjói	stjo	stjó-		stói	sto	stó-		kvói	kvo	kvó-

Adjectival pronouns

Personal possessive pronouns

Alienable possession

Person		Singular				Dual				Plural
		Long	Short	Clitic		Long	Short	Clitic		Long	Short	Clitic
				voc.	non-v.			voc.	non-v.			voc.	non-v.
1st person	Inclusive	sóiri	sóu-	sój-	sjó-	háiri	háu-	háj-	hjá-	júiri	jóu-	nój-	njó-
	Exclusive					xáiri	xáu-	xáj-	xjá-	jôiri	jôu-	nôj-	njô-
2nd person	Inclusive	séiri	séu-	séj-	sjé-	táiri	táu-	táj-	tjá-	páiri	páu-	páj-	pjá-
	Exclusive					dáiri	dáu-	dáj-	djá-	báiri	báu-	báj-	bjá-
3rd person		jáiri	jáu-	náj-	njá-	kóiri	kóu-	kój-	kjó-	rjóiri	rjóu-	rjój-	rjó-
4th person		léiri	léu-	léj-	ljé-	féiri	féu-	féj-	fjé-	géiri	géu-	géj-	gjé-

Inalienable possession

Person		Singular				Dual				Plural
		Long	Short	Clitic		Long	Short	Clitic		Long	Short	Clitic
				Voc.	Non-v.			Voc.	Non-v.			Voc.	Non-v.
1st person	Inclusive	sǿiri	sǿu-	sǿj-	sjǿ-	šáiri	šáu-	šáj-	šjá-	núiri	nóu-	nýj-	njý-
	Exclusive					žáiri	žáu-	žáj-	žjá-	nǿiri	nǿu-	nǿj-	njǿ-
2nd person	Inclusive	sĕiri	sĕu-	sĕj-	sjĕ-	cáiri	cáu-	cáj-	cjá-	fáiri	fáu-	fáj-	fjá-
	Exclusive					ʒáiri	ʒáu-	ʒáj-	ʒjá-	váiri	váu-	váj-	vjá-
3rd person		máiri	máu-	máj-	mjá-	kǿiri	kǿu-	kǿj-	kjǿ-	rjǿiri	rjǿu-	rjǿj-	rjǿ-
4th person		lĕiri	lĕu-	lĕj-	ljĕ-	fĕiri	fĕu-	fĕj-	fjĕ-	gĕiri	gĕu-	gĕj-	gjĕ-

Reflexive possessive pronoun

The forms of the reflexive possessive pronoun are:

• long: nîjiri
• short: nîu-
• vocalic: nîj-
• non-vocalic: njî-

Non-personal adjectival pronouns

Others

	Qualitative				Relational				Possessive				Quantitative
	Full	Short	Clitic	English	Full	Short	Clitic	English	Full	Short	Clitic	English	Full	Short	Clitic	English
Interrogative	vréisi	vréi-	-	what kind (of)	vráili	vráe-	-	what, which	lúiri	lúu-	-	whose	þámjē		-(n)aþ+GEN	how much, how many
	kréisi	kréi-	-	to what extent
Relative	réisi	réi-	-	the kind that	ráili	ráe-	-	which, that, who	lǿiri	lǿu-	-	whose	þĕtjē		-	as much
					á
Unspecified	vréisi	vréi-	-	what kind (of)	vráili	vráe-	-	what, which	lúiri	lúu-	-	whose	þámjē		-	how much, how many
Relative unspecified	préisi	préi-	-	whatever kind	práili	práe-	-	whichever	plúiri	plúu-	-	whosever	ƕĕtjē		-	however much
Indefinite	tréisi	tréi-	-	some kind of	nóili	nóe-	-	some(one)	tréiri	tréu-	-	someone's	tǿmjē		-	somewhat
Negative	skéisi	skéi-	-	of no kind	sáili	sáe-	-	noöne	skéiri	skéu-	-	noöne's
Total	fréisi	fréi-	-(n)øør -(n)ǿr	of every kind	fáili	fáe-	-(n)øøf -(n)ǿf	every(one)	fréiri	fréu-	-	everyone's	xôl		-(n)ooh -(n)óh	all
	méisi	méi-	-	of both kinds					míiri	míu-	-	of both	mí		-	both
Manifold	lavréisi	lavréi-	-	of many kinds	lavráili	lavráe-	-	many a	lalúiri	lalúu-	-	-
Differential	ljáisi	ljái-	-	different	láili	láe-	-	sbd/sth else, another
Equal	fáisi	fái-	-(n)aaf -(n)áf	of the same kind	táili	táe-	-	the same
Demonstrative	šáisi	šái-	-	of this kind	pól		-(n)ool -(n)ól	this	póiri	póu-	-	of this	týmjē		-	this much, this many
	čéisi	čéi-	-	of that kind	sól		-(n)oos -(n)ós	that	síiri	síu-	-	of that
					kjál		-(n)aak -(n)ák	yonder

The clitic forms are normally pronounced simply as long vowels, even though they are written as two. However, they can also be written as a single vowel with an accute above it - they are pronounced long but unstressed (secondary stress may still apply).

Demonstrative and summative pronouns

Number	Case	Demonstratives			Summative
		THIS	THAT	YONDER
Singular
	Nom.	pól(i)	sól(i)	kjál(i)	xôl
	Gen.	pái	sái	kjáde	xái
	Dat.	píu	síu	kjádo	xíu
	Acc.	péi	séi	kjáda	xéi
	Loc.	púi	súi	kjádi	xúi
	Inst.	pói	sói	kjádu	xói
Dual
	Nom.	pél(i)	sél(i)	kján(i)	xêl(i)
	Gen.	piái	siái	kjánde	xiái
	Dat.	pýe	sýe	kjándo	xýe
	Acc.	piéi	siéi	kjánda	xiéi
	Loc.	piúi	siúi	kjándi	xiúi
	Inst.	piói	siói	kjándu	xiói
Plural
	Nom.	pál(i)	sâl(i)	kjân(i)	xál(i)
	Gen.	pâs(i)	sât(i)	kjâfe	xâs(i)
	Dat.	pît(i)	sît(i)	kjâfo	xît(i)
	Acc.	pés(i)	sét(i)	kjâfa	xét(i)
	Loc.	pût(i)	sût(i)	kjâfi	xût(i)
	Inst.	pós(i)	sót(i)	kjâfu	xós(i)
Clitic forms		-(n)ool -(n)ól	-(n)oos -(n)ós	-(n)aak -(n)ák	-(n)ooh -(n)óh