Kava/sound changes: Difference between revisions

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===Sound changes unique to proto-Kava===
===Proto-Subumpamese (~1700) to Kava (3138)===
This section is presented separately because it is needed by the spreadsheet and may be useful for loanwords. It ends at 1700 AD, a time of no political significance for [[Kava]] but near the time of greater significance for the areas around Kava.


# Three-way merger of ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ as /ən/. (later /un/)
#The schwas ''ə ə̄'' shifted to '''u ū'''.
#''ḳ'' > '''q'''.
#The mid vowels ''e o'' rotated to '''i ə'''.      
#''kq qk'' > '''qq'''.
#The high vowel ''i'' shifted to '''ə''' if touching a /q/ in either direction.
#''xhʷ'' > '''xʷ'''.  
#Primordial ''f'' shifted to '''p''' .
#''śʷ s̀ʷ'' > '''sʷ''' . These sounds when a primordial /h/ sound was both palatalized and labialized.  Although there was no plain counterpart, this /sʷ/ sound still retained its labialization.
#Primordial ''hʷ  w'' shifted to '''f  v'''.  
# ''ə'' > '''u'''.
#All labialized consonants shift to bilabials.
#'e o'' > '''i ə'''.      (thus phonemicizing palatalized consonants)  This produces the exact same four-vowel system found in Gold: /a i u ə/.
#The postalveolar affricates ''č ǯ ň š ł '' became '''c ʒ n s l''' unconditionally.
#''[i]'' > '''[ə]''' if touching a Q in eihte direction.
#The palatals ''ć c̀ '' became '''č '''.
#Primordial ''f'' > '''p''' (spelled /ṗ/ in wordlists).
#The voiceless uvular stop ''q'' changed to '''k''' when syllable-final.  
#Primordial ''hʷ w'' > '''f v'''.  
#Word-final ''č'' became '''s'''. ''čk čq'' etc > '''čč'''. Any other syllable-final ''č'' assimilates to the following consonant.  
 
#Any heterorganic stop/aff after a stop turned into a fricative.   
Proto-Kava evolves a post-palatal stop and fricative, and also a postvelar (but not uvular) stop.  Thus it could be said that there are three "k" sounds: front, middle, and back.  However, all Subumpamese daughter languages shift the consonant inventory strongly towards the front, resulting in a family of languages that sound somewhat like watered-down Pabappa.
#The affricates ''c ʒ'' changed to '''s z''' when not after a high tone.
 
#Voiced stops became voiceless when occurring before a high tone.
*All of this happened while there still was not an /s/ in the language, which was one of the triggers for the very strong frontward shift. At one point, early proto-Subumapmese had a voiceless fricative inventory consisting of /fʷ ś s̀ x h/ but no [s], even allophonically.  All five of these had originated simply as allophones of [h].  There was also a corresponding voiced series.
 
Proto-Subumpamese can be stated to have been spoken around 1700 AD, not 1200 AD as its short sound c hange list might imply. 
 
Therefore the consonant phonology of proto-Kava (~1700 AD?) was:
 
Bilabials:              p  b  m 
Rounded bilabials:      pʷ bʷ mʷ fʷ w
Alveolars:              t  d  n  l
Rounded alveolars:      tʷ dʷ nʷ lʷ
Palatalized alveolars:  č  ǯ  ň  ł
Palatals:              ć    ń  ś  ź  y
Prevelars:              c̀    ŋ̀  s̀  z̀
Velars:                k    ŋ  x  g
Labialized velars:      kʷ    ŋʷ
Postvelars:            q        h
Labialized postvelars:  qʷ
 
 
Note: /ň/ = /ñ/; the latter's used because the former isnt on all keyboards.
 
There still was not an [s], even as an allophone.

Latest revision as of 08:22, 2 November 2018

Proto-Subumpamese (~1700) to Kava (3138)

  1. The schwas ə ə̄ shifted to u ū.
  2. The mid vowels e o rotated to i ə.
  3. The high vowel i shifted to ə if touching a /q/ in either direction.
  4. Primordial f shifted to p .
  5. Primordial hʷ w shifted to f v.
  6. All labialized consonants shift to bilabials.
  7. The postalveolar affricates č ǯ ň š ł became c ʒ n s l unconditionally.
  8. The palatals ć c̀ became č .
  9. The voiceless uvular stop q changed to k when syllable-final.
  10. Word-final č became s. čk čq etc > čč. Any other syllable-final č assimilates to the following consonant.
  11. Any heterorganic stop/aff after a stop turned into a fricative.
  12. The affricates c ʒ changed to s z when not after a high tone.
  13. Voiced stops became voiceless when occurring before a high tone.
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