Appendix B: Shemspreg Texts: Difference between revisions

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'''ne wilna-wesent owi eskwi echwosom:'''
'''ne wilna-wesent owi{{ref|SUBJ}} eskwi echwosom:'''


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'''sos gwer wezho-, sos mej gem-deukentom;'''
'''sos{{ref|GENsubj}} gwer wezho-, sos mej gem-deukentom;{{ref|INCORP}}'''


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'''me cherd es gwer shemos echwo-ajent sekwent.'''
'''me cherd es gwer shemos echwo-ajent sekwent.{{ref|PARTone}}'''


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Our hearts are heavy having seen  
Our hearts are heavy having seen the human, the master




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the human, the master, making warm clothing from sheep’s wool,  
making warm clothing from sheep’s wool,  




'''adkwe owim ne es wilna.'''
'''adkwe owim ne es wilna.{{ref|PARTtwo}}'''


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Hearing this, the sheep turned away into the field.
Hearing this, the sheep turned away into the field.


==Small Light Shining==
==Small Light Shining==


'''thévu léuk déyent'''
'''thévu léuk déyent'''{{ref|ACCENT}}




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'''émlai sóyo’s thévu léuk déyent'''
'''émlai{{ref|QUOT}} sóyo’s{{ref|CONTRACT}} thévu léuk déyent'''


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'''kwim áwes wé ne;'''
'''kwim áwes{{ref|AWES}} wé ne;'''


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{|
| eus || =kwe || to || -m || pilne
| eus || =kwe || to || -m || pilne
|-
| burn:IMP || =and || 3p || -OBL || fully
| burn:IMP || =and || 3p || -OBL || fully
|}
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| gwem || so || som || -es || we || =yo || ni- || ei ||
| gwem || so || som || -es || we || =yo || ni- || ei
|-
|-
| come:IMP || 3s:NOM || should || -PRES || 1p:NOM || =SUB || down- || go:IMP
| come:IMP || 3s:NOM || should || -PRES || 1p:NOM || =SUB || down- || go:IMP
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Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.


Notes to “A Sheep and Horses”:
==Notes==
 
1. The subject noun phrase contains an example of a participle phrase used as a prenominal modifier.
 
2. The pronoun is in the genitive case since it is the subject in a participle phrase.
Both wezho- and gem- are incoporated objects of the verb deuk-; the first instance of the verb has been elided.
 
5. This sentence contains nested participle phrases; the phraseshemos echwo-ajent is incorporated as an object of the participle sekwent.
 
8-10. This is another example of nested participle phrases. Note that in this case, the embedded participle phrase follows rather than precedes the participle of which it is an object. This is because the embedded participle phrase is lengthy and is grammatically rather complex.
 
 
Notes to “Small Light Shining”:
 
0. The text of the poem uses acute accents to mark stressed syllables.
 
1. The verbal word emlai is technically a passive ‘it is said’, but it has been translated into English by ‘they say’ in this and parallel lines.
The contraction of the verb es to ’s is done for metrical reasons.
 
5. In normal prose, the verb awes would more likely have been rendered aus, but the full form of the tense suffix was used in consideration of the meter.


#{{note|SUBJ}} The subject noun phrase contains an example of a participle phrase used as a prenominal modifier.
#{{note|GENsubj}} The pronoun is in the genitive case since it is the subject in a participle phrase.
#{{note|INCORP}} Both '''wezho-''' and '''gem-''' are incoporated objects of the verb '''deuk-'''; the first instance of the verb has been elided.
#{{note|PARTone}} This sentence contains nested participle phrases; the phrase '''shemos echwo-ajent''' is incorporated as an object of the participle '''sekwent'''.
#{{note|PARTtwo}} This is another example of nested participle phrases. Note that in this case, the embedded participle phrase follows rather than precedes the participle of which it is an object. This is because the embedded participle phrase is lengthy and is grammatically rather complex.
#{{note|ACCENT}} The text of the poem uses acute accents to mark stressed syllables.
#{{note|QUOT}} The verbal word '''emlai''' is technically a passive ‘it is said’, but it has been translated into English by ‘they say’ in this and parallel lines.
#{{note|CONTRACT}} The contraction of the verb '''es''' to '''’s''' is done for metrical reasons.
#{{note|AWES}} In normal prose, the verb '''awes''' would more likely have been rendered '''aus''', but the full form of the tense suffix was used in consideration of the meter.


==Index==
==Index==


{{Shemspreg Index}}
{{Shemspreg Index}}
[[Category:Shemspreg]]

Latest revision as of 07:41, 23 May 2018

In this appendix I present three short texts in Shemspreg. Each text is presented first in Shemspreg, then in an idiomatic English translation (the Tower of Babel story uses the KJV text as the idiomatic English translation), and finally in an interlinear, morpheme-by-morpheme gloss. Notes accompany the first two texts to provide commentary on interesting grammatical features.

A Sheep and Horses

owi echwoskwe

ne wilna-wesent owi eskwi echwosom: sos gwer wezho-, sos mej gem-deukentom; soskwe oochu shem-ferentom. owi wekwes echwosom: me cherd es gwer shemos echwo-ajent sekwent. echwos spreges: chleu owi! cherdes es gwer seskwent shemos, potis, apo owis wilnam khwer westro-werjentom, adkwe owim ne es wilna. chechlunt owi weuri en arum.


A Sheep and Horses

A sheep without wool saw horses: one pulling a heavy wagon, one a large load, and one bearing a human quickly. The sheep said to the horses: “My heart is heavy, seeing the human driving horses.” The horses said: “Listen, sheep! Our hearts are heavy having seen the human, the master, making warm clothing from sheep’s wool, and the sheep has no wool.” Hearing this, the sheep turned away into the field.


owi echwoskwe

owi echwo -s =kwe
sheep horse -PL =and

A Sheep and Horses


ne wilna-wesent owi[1] eskwi echwosom:

ne wilna- wes -ent owi e- skw -i echwo -s -om
not wool- wear -PTC sheep IMPF- see:0 PAST horse -PL -OBL

A sheep without wool saw horses:


sos[2] gwer wezho-, sos mej gem-deukentom;[3]

so -s gwer wezho- so -s mej gem- deuk -ent -om
3s -GEN heavy wagon- 3s -GEN large load- pull -PTC -OBL

one pulling a heavy wagon, one a large load,


soskwe oochu shem-ferentom.

so -s =kwe oochu shem- fer -ent -om
3s -GEN =and quickly human- bear -PTC -OBL

and one bearing a human quickly.


owi wekwes echwosom:

owi wekw -es echwo -s -om
sheep speak -PRES horse -PL -OBL

The sheep said to the horses:


me cherd es gwer shemos echwo-ajent sekwent.[4]

me cherd es gwer shem -os echwo- aj -ent sekw -ent
1s:GEN heart be:PRES heavy human -GEN horse- drive -PTC see -PTC

“My heart is heavy, seeing the human driving horses.”


echwos spreges:

echwo -s spreg -es
horse -PL speak -PRES

The horses said:


chleu owi!

chleu owi!
hear:IMP sheep

“Listen, sheep!


cherdes es gwer seskwent shemos, potis,

cherd -es es gwer se- skw -ent shem -os poti -s
heart -PL be:PRES heavy PERF- see:0 -PTC human -GEN master -GEN

Our hearts are heavy having seen the human, the master


apo owis wilnam khwer westro-werjentom,

apo owi -s wilna -m khwer westro- werj -ent -om
from sheep -GEN wool -OBL warm clothing make -PTC -OBL

making warm clothing from sheep’s wool,


adkwe owim ne es wilna.[5]

ad =kwe owi -m ne es wilna
to =and sheep -OBL not be:PRES wool

and the sheep has no wool.”


chechlunt owi weuri en arum.

che- chlu -nt owi we- wr -i en aru -m
PERF- hear:0 -PTC sheep PERF- turn.away:0 -PAST in field -OBL

Hearing this, the sheep turned away into the field.

Small Light Shining

thévu léuk déyent[6]


émlai sóyo’s thévu léuk déyent

kwim sékwes wé ne;

thé swe, thé swe.


émlai sóyo’s árjint khélsh méldent

kwim áwes wé ne;

stáa swe, stáa swe.


émlai sóyo’s ánju árdi púros

en chérdom égnint;

wér som wéskwe.


Small Light Shining


They say there’s a small light shining

that we don’t see;

be prepared, be prepared.


They say there’s a silver bell ringing

that we don’t hear;

stand up, stand up.


They say there’s a pinpoint of flame

burning in the heart;

heed it and live.


thévu léuk déyent

thevu leuk dei -ent
small light shine -PTC

Small Light Shining


émlai[7] sóyo’s[8] thévu léuk déyent

e- ml -a -i so =yo es thevu leuk dei -ent
IMPF- say:0 -PASS -PAST 3s:NOM SUB be:PRE small light shine -PTC

They say there’s a small light shining


kwim sékwes wé ne;

kwi -m sekw -es we ne
REL -OBL see -PRES 1p:NOM not

that we don’t see;


thé swe, thé swe.

the swe the swe
place:IMP REFL place:IMP REFL

be prepared, be prepared.


émlai sóyo’s árjint khélsh méldent

e- ml -a -i so =yo es arjint khelsh mel -ent
IMPF- say:0 -PASS -PAST 3s:NOM SUB be:PRE silver bell sound -PTC

They say there’s a silver bell ringing


kwim áwes[9] wé ne;

kwi -m au -es we ne
REL -OBL perceive -PRES 1p:NOM not

that we don’t hear;


stáa swe, stáa swe.

staa swe staa swe
stand:IMP REFL stand:IMP REFL

stand up, stand up.


émlai sóyo’s ánju árdi púros

e- ml -a -i so =yo es anju ardi pur -os
IMPF- say:0 -PASS -PAST 3s:NOM SUB be:PRES narrow point fire -GEN

They say there’s a pinpoint of flame


en chérdom égnint;

en cherd -om egni -nt
in heart -OBL burn -PTC

burning in the heart;

wér som wéskwe.

wer so -m wes =kwe
pay.attention:IMP 3s -OBL become.animate =and

heed it and live.


The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11: 1-9)

babas fersh

1 ad plino dezhomom esi oino dinju oinokwe spreg. 2 esikwe, toyo eyai apo ausom, toyo weuri pelitom en shinaros khertom; tokwe eusi cha. 3 tokwe emli oi ad alyo, gwem! so somes toyo kweres fog-achmo euskwe tom pilne. sokwe es fog-achmo enstel achmom, sokwe es sleeto enstel leyom. 4 tokwe emli, gwem! so somes toyo demes polim fershomkwe, kwis ardi antenes ad deyeum; so somes toyo thes tos nomenom, geye we ambistrewas an dezhomos pelitom. 5 potikwe nigwegumi sokwe seskwi polim ferzhomkwe kwim shemesos tekes edmi. 6 potikwe emli seku! shemia es oino, adkwe potes oino dinju; tokwe eres im: nukwe so ne somes, eyo apomiras apo tom, kwim to memni toyo kweres. 7 gwem! so somes weyo niyei chakwe semwers tos dinjum, soyo ne potes toyo semthes oi ad alyos spregent. 8 potikwe ambistetrui tom an dezhomos pelitom: tokwe nistatai polidement. 9 pro som nomenswe melas baba; ge poti semweursi cha plino dezhomos dinju: apokwe so stelom ambistetrui poti tom an dezhomos pelitom.


The Tower of Babel

1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. 2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. 3 And they said to one another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. 4 And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. 5 And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. 6 And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. 7 Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech. 8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. 9 Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.


babas fersh

baba -s fersh
babble -GEN tower

The Tower of Babel


1 ad plino dezhomom esi oino dinju oinokwe spreg.

ad plino dezhom -om e- s -i oino dinju
to whole earth -OBL IMPF- be:0 -PAST one language


oino =kwe spreg
one =and speech


And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.


2 esikwe, toyo eyai apo ausom, toyo weuri pelitom en shinaros khertom; tokwe eusi cha.

e- s -i =kwe
IMPF- be:0 -PAST =and


to =yo e- ya -i apo aus -om
3p:NOM =SUB IMPF- journey:0 -PAST from east -OBL


to =yo we- wr -i pelit -om en shinar -os kherto -m
3p:NOM =SUB PERF- find:0 -PAST plain -OBL in Shinar -GEN land -OBL


to =kwe e- ws -i cha
3p:NOM =and IMPF- dwell -PAST there


And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.


3 tokwe emli oi ad alyo, gwem! so somes toyo kweres fog-achmo euskwe tom pilne. sokwe es fog-achmo enstel achmom, sokwe es sleeto enstel leyom.

to =kwe e- ml -i oi ad alyo gwem
3p:NOM =and IMPF- say:0 -PAST one to other come:IMP


so som -es to =yo kwer -es fog + achmo
3s:NOM should -PRES 3p:NOM =SUB create -PRES bake + stone


eus =kwe to -m pilne
burn:IMP =and 3p -OBL fully


so =kwe es fog + achmo enstel achmo -m
3s:NOM =and be:PRES bake + stone in.place.of stone -OBL


so =kwe es slee -to enstel lei -om
3s:NOM =and be:PRES slimy -NML in.place.of mortar -OBL


And they said to one another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.


4 tokwe emli, gwem! so somes toyo demes polim fershomkwe, kwis ardi antenes ad deyeum; so somes toyo thes tos nomenom, geye we ambistrewas an dezhomos pelitom.

to =kwe e- ml -i gwem
3p:NOM =and IMPF- say:0 -PAST come:IMP


so som -es to =yo dem -es
3s:NOM should -PRES 3p:NOM =SUB build -PRES


poli -m fersh -om =kwe
city -OBL tower -OBL =and


kwi -s ardi an- ten -es ad deyeu -m
REL -GEN point towards- stretch -PRES to heaven -OBL


so som -es to =yo the -s to -s nomen -om
3s:NOM should -PRES 3p:NOM =SUB place -PRES 3p -GEN name -OBL


ge =ye we ambi- streu -a -s
because =if 1p:NOM around- scatter -PASS -PRES


an dezhom -os pelit -om
on earth -GEN flat -OBL


And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.


5 potikwe nigwegumi sokwe seskwi polim ferzhomkwe kwim shemesos tekes edmi.

poti =kwe ni- gwe- gum -i
master =and down- PERF- come:0 -PAST


so =kwe se- skw -i poli -m ferzh -om =kwe
3s:NOM =and PERF- see:0 -PAST city -OBL tower -OBL =and


kwi -m shem -es -os tek -es e- dm -i
REL -OBL person -PL -GEN child -PL IMPF- build:0 -PAST


And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded.


6 potikwe emli seku! shemia es oino, adkwe potes oino dinju; tokwe eres im: nukwe so ne somes, eyo apomiras apo tom, kwim to memni toyo kweres.

poti =kwe e- ml -i seku shem -ia es oino
master =and PERF- say:0 -PAST see:IMP person -COLL be:PRES one


ad =kwe to -m es oino dinju
to =and 3p -OBL be:PRES one language


to =kwe er -es im
3p:NOM =and begin -PRES this:OBL


nu =kwe so ne pot -es
now =and 3s:NOM not possible -PRES


e =yo apo- mir -a -s apo to -m
anything =SUB from- hold -PASS -PRES from 3p -OBL


kwi -m to me- mn -i to =yo kwer -es
REL -OBL 3p:NOM PERF- think:0 -PAST 3p =SUB create -PRES


And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.


7 gwem! so somes weyo niyei chakwe semwers tos dinjum, soyo ne potes toyo semthes oi ad alyos spregent.

gwem so som -es we =yo ni- ei
come:IMP 3s:NOM should -PRES 1p:NOM =SUB down- go:IMP


cha =kwe sem- wers to -s dinju -m
there =and together- pour:IMP 3p -GEN language -OBL


so =yo ne pot -es to =yo sem- the -s
3s:NOM =SUB not possible -PRES 3p:NOM =SUB together- put -PRES


oi ad alyo -s spreg -ent
one to other -GEN speak -PTC


Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.


8 potikwe ambistetrui tom an dezhomos pelitom: tokwe nistatai polidement.

poti =kwe ambi- ste- tru -i to -m
master =and around- PERF- scatter:0 -PAST 3p -OBL


an dezhom -os pelit -om
on earth -GEN flat -OBL


to =kwe ni- sta- ta -i poli- dem -ent
3p:NOM =and down- PERF- stand:0 -PAST city- build -PTC


So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.


9 pro som nomenswe melas baba; ge poti semweursi cha plino dezhomos dinju: apokwe so stelom ambistetrui poti tom an dezhomos pelitom.

pro so -m nomen -swe mel -a -s baba
for 3s -OBL name -REFL say -PASS -PRES babble


ge poti sem- we- wrs -i cha
because master together- PERF- scatter:0 -PAST there


plino dezhom -os dinju
all earth -GEN language


apo =kwe so stel -om ambi- ste- tru -i poti
from =and that place -OBL around- PERF- scatter:0 -PAST master


to -m an dezhom -os pelit -om
3p -OBL on earth -GEN flat -OBL


Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

Notes

  1. ^  The subject noun phrase contains an example of a participle phrase used as a prenominal modifier.
  2. ^  The pronoun is in the genitive case since it is the subject in a participle phrase.
  3. ^  Both wezho- and gem- are incoporated objects of the verb deuk-; the first instance of the verb has been elided.
  4. ^  This sentence contains nested participle phrases; the phrase shemos echwo-ajent is incorporated as an object of the participle sekwent.
  5. ^  This is another example of nested participle phrases. Note that in this case, the embedded participle phrase follows rather than precedes the participle of which it is an object. This is because the embedded participle phrase is lengthy and is grammatically rather complex.
  6. ^  The text of the poem uses acute accents to mark stressed syllables.
  7. ^  The verbal word emlai is technically a passive ‘it is said’, but it has been translated into English by ‘they say’ in this and parallel lines.
  8. ^  The contraction of the verb es to ’s is done for metrical reasons.
  9. ^  In normal prose, the verb awes would more likely have been rendered aus, but the full form of the tense suffix was used in consideration of the meter.

Index

  1. Introduction to Shemspreg
  2. Shemspreg sounds
  3. Shemspreg nouns
  4. Shemspreg pronouns and other particles
  5. Shemspreg verbs
  6. Shemspreg adjectives
  7. Shemspreg sentences
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