Senjecas snow & ice: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (Vocabulary corrections.)
mNo edit summary
Line 155: Line 155:




===Snow===
==Snow==
*'''1.''' '''alűngo''' – snow bank
*'''1.''' '''alűngo''' – snow bank
*The reindeer’s harness broke and the sleigh plunged into the snow bank.
*The reindeer’s harness broke and the sleigh plunged into the snow bank.
Line 192: Line 192:
!ébi||ke̋rt-o||kéþu||ba̋r-o||vuu-e̋ȝa||mee||toári||m̃isőnt-es||ȝa̋f-u||ma̋ƣ-a
!ébi||ke̋rt-o||kéþu||ba̋r-o||vuu-e̋ȝa||mee||toári||m̃isőnt-es||ȝa̋f-u||ma̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|if||frozen.crust-N.s||too||thick-N.s||be.SBJ-IND||not||bison-N.p||break-SUP||be.able-IND
|if||frozen.crust-N.s||too||thick-N.s||be.SBJ-IND||not||then||bison-N.p||break-SUP||be.able-IND
|}
|}




*''5.'' '''lűűfo''' – falling snow
*'''5.''' '''lűűfo''' – falling snow
*The falling snow will soon cover any trace of the crime.
*The falling snow will soon cover any trace of the crime.
*'''lűűfo t̨áárvi leitős k̬éno le̋isom u-ka̋ða:'''
*'''lűűfo t̨áárvi leitős k̬éno le̋isom u-ka̋ða:'''
Line 237: Line 237:




*9. '''m̃őpo''' – sleeping hole in the snow
*'''9'''. '''m̃őpo''' – sleeping hole in the snow
*Caught in the blizzard, the hiker dug a sleeping hole in the snow for the night.
*Caught in the blizzard, the hiker dug a sleeping hole in the snow for the night.
*'''ƣosigős éna la̋vaþu ȝuþne̋ðlu la̋a̋tam m̃őpom e-vőða:'''
*'''ƣosigős éna la̋vaþu ȝuþne̋ðlu la̋a̋tam m̃őpom e-vőða:'''
Line 247: Line 247:




*10. '''pőm̌a''' – walk with difficulty through snow, sand, brush, ''etc.''
*'''10'''. '''pőm̌a''' – walk with difficulty through snow, sand, brush, ''etc.''
*This snow is so deep we will have trouble walking through it.
*This snow is so deep we will have trouble walking through it.
*'''i-tőm̃o kéþu ṡa̋lo vűűa—ƥúvi m̃us éȝom šóóða u-pom̌a:'''
*'''i-tőm̃o kéþu ṡa̋lo vűűa—ƥúvi m̃us éȝom šóóða u-pom̌a:'''
Line 257: Line 257:




*11. '''rı̋no''' – snow on trees
*'''11'''. '''rı̋no''' – snow on trees
*Although the snow on the trees is beautiful, too much and the branches will break.
*Although the snow on the trees is beautiful, too much and the branches will break.
*'''sáámi rı̋no gőbo vűűa. ébi kéþu me̋e̋o vuule̋ȝa. toáru ża̋vos u-ȝa̋fa:'''
*'''sáámi rı̋no gőbo vűűa. ébi kéþu me̋e̋o vuule̋ȝa. toáru ża̋vos u-ȝa̋fa:'''
Line 267: Line 267:




*12. '''sı̋go''' – snow storm
*'''12'''. '''sı̋go''' – snow storm
*The snow storm passed leaving nine dead in its wake.
*The snow storm passed leaving nine dead in its wake.
*'''sı̋go e-műla da no-leisős éna nűm ne̋ṡun e-te̋m̃a:'''
*'''sı̋go e-műla da no-leisős éna nűm ne̋ṡun e-te̋m̃a:'''
Line 277: Line 277:




*13. '''sőso''' – muddy snow
*'''13'''. '''sőso''' – muddy snow
*Not long after the snow storm passed, the yaks had turned the fallen snow into muddy snow.
*Not long after the snow storm passed, the yaks had turned the fallen snow into muddy snow.
*'''ne dóm̃vi pósi sı̋go e-mŭműla—űde' sosős tőm̃om e-űla:'''
*'''ne dóm̃vi pósi sı̋go e-mŭműla—űde' sosős tőm̃om e-űla:'''
Line 287: Line 287:




===Ice===
==Ice==
*14. '''haþȝe̋go''' – thin coating of ice on rock
*'''14'''. '''haþȝe̋go''' – thin coating of ice on rock
*Not seeing the ice on the rock, the ranger slipped and landed on his butt.
*Not seeing the ice on the rock, the ranger slipped and landed on his butt.
*'''haþȝe̋gom na̋kantu ne furm̃űűrlu e-pı̋zak̬e kűndom éna e-na̋a̋lak̬e:'''
*'''haþȝe̋gom na̋kantu ne furm̃űűrlu e-pı̋zak̬e kűndom éna e-na̋a̋lak̬e:'''
:{|
:{|
!haþȝe̋g-om||na̋k-a-ntu-Ø||ne||fur-m̃űűr-l-u||e=pı̋z-a=k̬e||kűnd-om||éna||e=na̋a̋l-a||k̬e
!haþȝe̋g-om||na̋k-a-ntu-Ø||ne||fur-m̃űűr-l-u||e=pı̋z-a=k̬e||kűnd-om||éna||e=na̋a̋l-a=k̬e
|-
|-
|thin.coating-A.s||see-IND-AP-ABS||not||forest-protect-AG-N.s||PST=slip-IND=and||butt-A.s||on||PST=land-IND=and
|thin.coating-A.s||see-IND-AP-ABS||not||forest-protect-AG-N.s||PST=slip-IND=and||butt-A.s||on||PST=land-IND=and
Line 298: Line 298:




*15. '''ȝe̋go''' – ice
*'''15'''. '''ȝe̋go''' – ice
*Because of the ice on the road the car slid into the tree.
*Because of the ice on the road the car slid into the tree.
*'''feðm̃e̋ƣo paavős éna ȝegős ha ha̋iṡim þóósa e-pı̋za:'''
*'''feðm̃e̋ƣo paavős éna ȝegős ha ha̋iṡim þóósa e-pı̋za:'''
Line 308: Line 308:




*16. '''ȝeƣǧa̋ro''' – iceberg
*'''16'''. '''ȝeƣǧa̋ro''' – iceberg
*Global warming is producing more icebergs in the polar seas.
*Global warming is producing more icebergs in the polar seas.
*'''ge̋lnu te̋pu hőőle mare̋m éna mĭme̋e̋o ȝeƣǧa̋ron sa̋isa:'''
*'''ge̋lnu te̋pu hőőle mare̋m éna mĭme̋e̋o ȝeƣǧa̋ron sa̋isa:'''
Line 319: Line 319:




*17. '''kaȝe̋mƣo''' – shore ice
*'''17'''. '''kaȝe̋mƣo''' – shore ice
*As winter progressed the shore ice became thicker.
*As winter progressed the shore ice became thicker.
*'''me̋m̃anta hema̋s. kaȝe̋mƣo ba̋ro e-ı̋la:'''
*'''me̋m̃anta hema̋s. kaȝe̋mƣo ba̋ro e-ı̋la:'''
Line 329: Line 329:




*18. '''kűro''' – ice floe
*'''18'''. '''kűro''' – ice floe
*Be careful!  The many ice floes will make navigation hazardous.
*Be careful!  The many ice floes will make navigation hazardous.
*'''ze̋e̋me: me̋e̋o kűros na̋a̋utam na̋a̋m̃ram u-kı̋a:'''
*'''ze̋e̋me: me̋e̋o kűros na̋a̋utam na̋a̋m̃ram u-kı̋a:'''
Line 339: Line 339:




*19. '''nila̋ƣo''' – freshwater ice
*'''19'''. '''nila̋ƣo''' – freshwater ice
*When the ice begins to form, the beavers settle in for the winter.
*When the ice begins to form, the beavers settle in for the winter.
*'''nilaƣős zinásantős. ve̋vres he̋mam de̋e̋a:'''
*'''nilaƣős zinásantős. ve̋vres he̋mam de̋e̋a:'''
Line 349: Line 349:




*20. '''őőko''' – ice hole
*'''20'''. '''őőko''' – ice hole
*This winter we can fish through a hole in the ice.
*This winter we can fish through a hole in the ice.
*'''m̃us i-hema̋s ookő' šóóða mı̋ı̋n-' u-ma̋ƣa:'''
*'''m̃us i-hema̋s ookő' šóóða mı̋ı̋n-' u-ma̋ƣa:'''
Line 359: Line 359:




*21. '''puskűro''' – pack ice
*'''21'''. '''puskűro''' – pack ice
*The pack ice was the perfect hauling-out place for the walruses.
*The pack ice was the perfect hauling-out place for the walruses.
*'''puskűro aiveƣe̋m éra ba̋a̋go uuðzı̋danto ðe̋e̋o e-vűűa:'''
*'''puskűro aiveƣe̋m éra ba̋a̋go uuðzı̋danto ðe̋e̋o e-vűűa:'''
Line 369: Line 369:




*22. '''sűðo''' – frost
*'''22'''. '''sűðo''' – frost
*This morning I saw the first frost of the season.
*This morning I saw the first frost of the season.
*'''mu i-aaȝa̋s ȝeerős þűnto sűðom e-na̋ka:'''
*'''mu i-aaȝa̋s ȝeerős þűnto sűðom e-na̋ka:'''
Line 379: Line 379:




*23. '''s̨őmo''' – hoarfrost
*'''23'''. '''s̨őmo''' – hoarfrost
*The night was clear and cold, so there was hoarfrost on the ground in the morning.
*The night was clear and cold, so there was hoarfrost on the ground in the morning.
*'''la̋a̋ta ȝe̋xak̬e sőȝak̬' e-vűűa—sááru s̨őmo aaȝa̋s ta̋lem éva e-vűűla:'''
*'''la̋a̋ta ȝe̋xak̬e sőȝak̬' e-vűűa—sááru s̨őmo aaȝa̋s ta̋lem éva e-vűűla:'''
Line 390: Line 390:




*24. '''s̨űngo''' – frazil ice, slush
*'''24'''. '''s̨űngo''' – frazil ice, slush
*The appearance of frazil ice tells us that the sea will soon be frozen over.
*The appearance of frazil ice tells us that the sea will soon be frozen over.
*'''s̨ungős ka̋ȝa m̃ús o ma̋rem t̨áárvi űɫaþem u-ı̋lu te̋e̋a:'''
*'''s̨ungős ka̋ȝa m̃ús o ma̋rem t̨áárvi űɫaþem u-ı̋lu te̋e̋a:'''

Revision as of 11:57, 16 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


  • The winters of Sefdaania are heavy with snow and ice. As a result there are many words naming various aspects of these two wintry visitors.


Snow

  • 1. alűngo – snow bank
  • The reindeer’s harness broke and the sleigh plunged into the snow bank.
  • gore̋s de̋xlo e-ȝa̋fa da a̋sko alűngom éna e-ṡőta:
gor-e̋s de̋xl-o e=ȝa̋f-a da a̋sk-o alűng-om éna e=ṡőt-a
reindeer-G.s harness-N.s PST=break-IND and sleigh-N.s snow.bank-A.s into PST=plunge-IND


  • 2. ṡ̨a̋ga – become frozen [of snow]
  • If the temperature drops any lower the snow will become frozen.
  • ébi tiiþme̋a nérvi pine̋ȝa. toáru tőm̃o u-ṡ̨a̋ga:
ébi tiiþme̋-a nér=vi pin-e̋ȝa toári tőm̃-o u=ṡ̨a̋g-a
if temperature-N.s lower-ADV decrease-SBJ then snow-N.s FUT=become.frozen.IND


  • 3. kı̋rmo – thin covering of snow
  • Because of the thin covering of snow, the bison were able to forage.
  • m̃isőntes kirmős ha pa̋a̋u e-ma̋ƣa:
m̃isőnt-es kirm-ős ha pa̋a̋-u e=ma̋ƣ-a
bison-N.p thin.covering.of.snow-G.s because.of forage-SUP PST=be.able-IND


  • 4. ke̋rto – frozen crust on snow
  • If the frozen crust is not too thick, the bison can break through.
  • ébi ke̋rto kéþu ba̋ro vuue̋ȝa mee. toári m̃isőntes ȝa̋fu ma̋ƣa:
ébi ke̋rt-o kéþu ba̋r-o vuu-e̋ȝa mee toári m̃isőnt-es ȝa̋f-u ma̋ƣ-a
if frozen.crust-N.s too thick-N.s be.SBJ-IND not then bison-N.p break-SUP be.able-IND


  • 5. lűűfo – falling snow
  • The falling snow will soon cover any trace of the crime.
  • lűűfo t̨áárvi leitős k̬éno le̋isom u-ka̋ða:
lűűf-o t̨áár-vi leit-ős k̬éno-Ø le̋is-om u=ka̋ð-a
falling.snow-N.s short-ADV crime-G.s any-ABS trace-A.s FUT=cover-IND


  • 6. luufpa̋vo – snow flake
  • It’s hard to believe that no two snow flakes have the same shape.
  • ȝa ne̋o d̬ő luufpa̋vos sőmo b̨őrom ƣe̋va—na̋mu ke̋no e̋sa:
ȝa neo-Ø d̬o luuf-pa̋v-os sőmo-Ø b̨őr-om ƣe̋v-a na̋m-u ke̋n-o e̋s-a
that no-ABS two snow-flake-N.p same-ABS shape-A.s have-IND believe-SUP hard-N.s be.IND


  • 7. műƣro – soft snow
  • When the puppy stepped onto the soft snow, he fell through.
  • méti le̋xm̃e műƣrom éva e-pe̋da. šóóðvi e-főőla:
méti le̋xm̃-e műƣr-om éva e=pe̋d-a šóóð=vi e=főől-a
when puppy-N.s soft.snow-A.s onto PST=step-IND through=ADV PST=fall-IND


  • 8. m̃a̋ṡo – wet snow
  • The weight of the wet snow caused the tent to collapse.
  • m̃aṡős te̋lo vőutom vira̋ða:
m̃aṡ-ős te̋l-o vőut-om vir-a̋ð-a
wet.snow-G.s weight-N.s tent-A.s collapse-CAUS-IND


  • 9. m̃őpo – sleeping hole in the snow
  • Caught in the blizzard, the hiker dug a sleeping hole in the snow for the night.
  • ƣosigős éna la̋vaþu ȝuþne̋ðlu la̋a̋tam m̃őpom e-vőða:
ƣo=sig-ős éna la̋v-a-þu-Ø ȝuþ-ne̋ð-l-u la̋a̋t-am m̃őp-om e=vőð-a
INT=snow.storm-G.s in catch-IND-PP-ABS roam-walk-AG-N.s night-A.s sleeping.hole-A.s PST=dig-IND


  • 10. pőm̌a – walk with difficulty through snow, sand, brush, etc.
  • This snow is so deep we will have trouble walking through it.
  • i-tőm̃o kéþu ṡa̋lo vűűa—ƥúvi m̃us éȝom šóóða u-pom̌a:
i=tőm̃-o kéþu ṡa̋l-o vűű-a ṗúvi m̃-us éȝ-om šóóða u=pom̌-a
this=snow-N.s too deep-N.s be-IND that 1p-N it-A.s through FUT=walk-IND


  • 11. rı̋no – snow on trees
  • Although the snow on the trees is beautiful, too much and the branches will break.
  • sáámi rı̋no gőbo vűűa. ébi kéþu me̋e̋o vuule̋ȝa. toáru ża̋vos u-ȝa̋fa:
sáámi rı̋n-o gőb-o vűű-a ébi kéþu me̋e̋-o vuul-e̋ȝa toáru ża̋v-os u=ȝa̋f-a
although snow.on.trees-N.s beautiful-N.s be.IND if too much-N.s there.be-IND then branch-N.p FUT=break-IND


  • 12. sı̋go – snow storm
  • The snow storm passed leaving nine dead in its wake.
  • sı̋go e-műla da no-leisős éna nűm ne̋ṡun e-te̋m̃a:
sı̋g-o e=műl-a da eȝo=leis-ős éna nűm ne̋ṡ-un e=te̋m̃-a
snow.storm-N.s PST=pass-IND and its=wake-G.s in nine dead-A.p PST=leave-IND


  • 13. sőso – muddy snow
  • Not long after the snow storm passed, the yaks had turned the fallen snow into muddy snow.
  • ne dóm̃vi pósi sı̋go e-mŭműla—űde' sosős tőm̃om e-űla:
ne dóm̃=vi pósi sı̋g-o e=mŭ~műl-a űd-e-' sos-ős tőm̃-om e=~űl-a
not long=ADV after snow.storm-N.s PST=PRF~pass-IND yak-N.p-ELIS muddy.snow-G.s fallen.snow-A.s PST=PRF~turn.into-IND


Ice

  • 14. haþȝe̋go – thin coating of ice on rock
  • Not seeing the ice on the rock, the ranger slipped and landed on his butt.
  • haþȝe̋gom na̋kantu ne furm̃űűrlu e-pı̋zak̬e kűndom éna e-na̋a̋lak̬e:
haþȝe̋g-om na̋k-a-ntu-Ø ne fur-m̃űűr-l-u e=pı̋z-a=k̬e kűnd-om éna e=na̋a̋l-a=k̬e
thin.coating-A.s see-IND-AP-ABS not forest-protect-AG-N.s PST=slip-IND=and butt-A.s on PST=land-IND=and


  • 15. ȝe̋go – ice
  • Because of the ice on the road the car slid into the tree.
  • feðm̃e̋ƣo paavős éna ȝegős ha ha̋iṡim þóósa e-pı̋za:
feðm̃e̋ƣ-o paav-ős éna ȝeg-ős ha ha̋iṡ-im þóósa e=pı̋z-a
car-N.s road-G.s on ice-G.s because.of tree-A.s into PST=slip-IND


  • 16. ȝeƣǧa̋ro – iceberg
  • Global warming is producing more icebergs in the polar seas.
  • ge̋lnu te̋pu hőőle mare̋m éna mĭme̋e̋o ȝeƣǧa̋ron sa̋isa:
ge̋lnu-Ø te̋p-u hőőle-Ø mar-e̋m éna mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø ȝeƣ.ǧa̋r-on sa̋is-a
world-wide-ABS warming-SUP polar-ABS sea-G.p in ELT~many-ABS ice.mountain-A.p produce-IND


  • 17. kaȝe̋mƣo – shore ice
  • As winter progressed the shore ice became thicker.
  • me̋m̃anta hema̋s. kaȝe̋mƣo ba̋ro e-ı̋la:
me̋m̃-a-nta-Ø hem-a̋s kaȝe̋mƣ-o ba̋r-o e=ı̋l-a
progress-IND-AP-ABS winter-G.s shore.ice-N.s thick-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 18. kűro – ice floe
  • Be careful! The many ice floes will make navigation hazardous.
  • ze̋e̋me: me̋e̋o kűros na̋a̋utam na̋a̋m̃ram u-kı̋a:
ze̋e̋m-e me̋e̋o-Ø kűr-os na̋a̋ut-am na̋a̋m̃r-am u=kı̋-a
be.careful-IMP many-ABS ice.floe-N.p navigation-A.s hazardous-A.s FUT-make-IND


  • 19. nila̋ƣo – freshwater ice
  • When the ice begins to form, the beavers settle in for the winter.
  • nilaƣős zinásantős. ve̋vres he̋mam de̋e̋a:
nila̋ƣ-ős zin-ás-a-nt-ős ve̋vr-es he̋m-am de̋e̋-a
freshwater.ice-G.s form-INC-IND-AP-G.s beaver-N.p winter-A.s settle-IND


  • 20. őőko – ice hole
  • This winter we can fish through a hole in the ice.
  • m̃us i-hema̋s ookő' šóóða mı̋ı̋n-' u-ma̋ƣa:
m̃-us i=hem-a̋s ook-ő-' šóóða mı̋ı̋n-' u=ma̋a̋ƣ-a
1p-N this=winter-G.s ice.hole-G.s-ELIS through fish-ELIS FUT=be.able-IND


  • 21. puskűro – pack ice
  • The pack ice was the perfect hauling-out place for the walruses.
  • puskűro aiveƣe̋m éra ba̋a̋go uuðzı̋danto ðe̋e̋o e-vűűa:
puskűr-o aiveƣ-e̋m éra ba̋a̋go-Ø uuð-zı̋d-a-nto-Ø ðe̋e̋-o e=vűű-a
pack.ice-N.s walrus-G.p for perfect-ABS out-haul-IND-AP-ABS place-N.s PST=be.IND


  • 22. sűðo – frost
  • This morning I saw the first frost of the season.
  • mu i-aaȝa̋s ȝeerős þűnto sűðom e-na̋ka:
m-u i=aaȝ-a̋s ȝeer-ős þűnto-Ø sűð-om e=na̋k-a
1s-N this=morning-G.s season-G.s first-ABS frost-A.s PST=see-IND


  • 23. s̨őmo – hoarfrost
  • The night was clear and cold, so there was hoarfrost on the ground in the morning.
  • la̋a̋ta ȝe̋xak̬e sőȝak̬' e-vűűa—sááru s̨őmo aaȝa̋s ta̋lem éva e-vűűla:
la̋a̋t-a ȝe̋x-a=k̬e sőȝ-a=k̬-' e=vűű-a sááru ṡőm-o aaȝ-a̋s ta̋l-em éva e=vűűl-a
night-N.s clear-N.s=and cold-N.s=and PST=be-IND so hoarfrost-N.s morning-G.s ground-A.s on PST=there.be-IND


  • 24. s̨űngo – frazil ice, slush
  • The appearance of frazil ice tells us that the sea will soon be frozen over.
  • s̨ungős ka̋ȝa m̃ús o ma̋rem t̨áárvi űɫaþem u-ı̋lu te̋e̋a:
ṡung-ős ka̋ȝ-a m̃-ús o ma̋r-em t̨áárvi űɫ-a-þ-em u=ı̋l-u te̋e̋-a
frazil.ice-G.s appearance-N.s 1p-G to sea-A.s short-ADV freeze-IND-PP-A.s FUT=become-SUP tell-IND
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Senjecas_snow_%26_ice&oldid=115063"