Fortunatian: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
mNo edit summary
 
(11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
!colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; font-size: 110%;"| Uchunatonc
!colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; font-size: 110%;"| Uchunatonc
|-
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Pronounced: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| ['rɨm.bɨŋk 'u.ʧu.na.təŋk]
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Pronounced: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| ['rɨm.ba u.ʧu.'na.ta]
|-
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Timeline and Universe: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Fortunate Islands Universe (FIU)
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Timeline and Universe: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Fortunate Islands Universe (FIU)
Line 22: Line 22:
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Morphology: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Partly fusional
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Morphology: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Partly fusional
|-
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Morphosyntax: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Accusative
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Morphosyntax: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Marked Nominative
|-
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Word order: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| SVO
|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Word order: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| VSO
|-
|-
!colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"| Credits
!colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"| Credits
Line 32: Line 32:
|style="width: 30%"| Created: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| 2004
|style="width: 30%"| Created: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| 2004
|}
|}
Fortunatian (Rymbonc Uchunatonc or just Uchunatonc) is a Romance language, with Etruscan and Guanche substrates, spoken in the Fortunate Islands (our world's Canary Islands) in the Fortunate Islands Universe. This is a description of Classical Fortunatian (fl. 12c ACE).
Fortunatian (Rymba Uchunata or just Uchunata) is a Romance language, with Etruscan and Guanche substrates, spoken in the Fortunate Islands (our world's Canary Islands) in the Fortunate Islands Universe. This is a description of Classical Fortunatian (fl. 12c ACE).


=Phonology=
=Phonology=
Line 87: Line 87:
nh [ɲ]
nh [ɲ]


=Gender and Number=
==Other Writing Systems==
Fortunatian has no declension, but three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter) and two numbers (singular and plural). Note that the Classical Latin third declension has merged with the neuter of the second declension. Nouns and adjectives use the same ending. The root bon- "good" may be used to show the pattern.


xorbync bonync a good servant
Fortunatian expatriates living on the African mainland occasionally use Ajami.


huemnonc bononc a good woman
=Cases and Declensions=
==Proto-Fortunatian==
Proto-Fortunatian, the stage that set off Fortunatian from the Latin, reduced the Latin cases and declensions to two cases (nominative and accusative) and three declensions (1st declension feminine, 2nd declension masculine and neuter, and 3rd declension). The complete elision of the accusative singular endings in -m changed the nominative-accusative system into a 'marked-nominative' system in all declensions except the 2nd declension neuter, which was unmarked for case in both singular and plural. The 3rd declension also lacked a case distinction in the plural. Under other circumstances, the instability of such a system and the contribution of Etruscan-speakers to Proto-Fortunatian would suggest a sudden collapse into a system of no cases whatsoever. The Proto-Fortunatian speakers, however, contained a large number of Guanche converts, whose native Berber tongue not only contributed much vocabulary, but also pushed the marked-nominative system into a true nominative-absolutive system. Guanche also contributed to the shift from Latin's SOV order to Proto-Fortunatian's dominant VSO, but that is not the subject of this section.


omnoc bonoc a good man (yes, 'man' is neuter)
1fem
NomSg -a /a/
AccSg -#
NomPl -e /e/
AccPl -aʃ /ax/


xorbaux bonaux good servants
2masc
NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/
AccSg -# 
NomPl -i /i/
AccPl -oʃ /aux/


huemnax bonax good women
2neuter
Sg -#
Pl -a /a/


omnex bonex good men
3epicene
NomSg -s /s/, -ʃ /x/
AccSg -#
Pl -eʃ /ex/
 
==First Stage Pre-Fortunatian==
In the next stage, from Proto-Fortunatian to First Stage Pre-Fortunatian, the 2nd declension neuters were redistributed to the 2nd declension masculines and 1st declension feminines:
 
 
1fem
NomSg -a /a/
AccSg -#
NomPl -e /e/
AccPl -aʃ /ax/
 
2masc
NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/
AccSg -#
NomPl -i /i/
AccPl -oʃ /aux/
 
3epicene
NomSg -s /s/, -ʃ /x/
AccSg -#
Pl -eʃ /ex/
 
==Second Stage Pre-Fortunatian==
In the next stage, from First Stage Pre-Fortunatian to Second Stage Pre-Fortunatian, the 3rd declension nouns were redistributed between the 1st and 2nd declensions. Now the declensional system of Early Fortunatian matched the male-female dichotomy of the Berber languages:
 
 
1fem
NomSg -a /a/
AccSg -#
NomPl -e /e/
AccPl -aʃ /ax/
 
2masc
NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/
AccSg -#
NomPl -i /i/
AccPl -oʃ /aux/
 
=Verbs=
Fortunatian retained the four conjugations of Latin. The contraction of unstressed syllable created a stress contrast between the 2nd singular and the 1st plural forms in the 1st conjugation present. Fortunatian phonology is much friendlier than the other Romance languages to complex initial and final consonant clusters.
 
 
'to sing' cantár: cántau, cántax, cant, cantáx, cantách, cántan
 
'to fear' tmér: tymau, tymex, tymt, tméx,tméch, tymen
 
'to lead' dúcro: dúcau, dúcx, dúct, dúcmyx, dúctyx, dúcun
 
'to hear' audír: aúdau, aúdix, aúdt, audíx, audích, aúdun
 
=Syntax=
 
Fortunatian syntax is VSO, following a Berber template provided by the early Guanche converts.
Under the influence of Guanche and Berber, Fortunatian prefers VSO order, but a large minority of sentences are SVO, due to the Latin component of the pre-Fortunatian peoples. There is no strong difference between the two orders.
 
nVS0
 
Naun cypun biri huar. Men do not cook porridge.
 
SnVO
 
Biri naun cypun huar. Men do not cook porridge.
 
OVnS. This order topicalizes O. The verb changes into a participle which agrees with the subject.
 
Huar cypontex naun biri. Porridge, men don't cook it.
 
A different form, with the same topicalization has a participle which agrees with the object.
 
Huar de cypen naun biri.
 
If the S is topicalized, the relative verb form + the subjunctive is used. The relative verb forms are derived from the relative participle (pi,p-) and the present indicative forms of the verb to be (x, ex, och, xyx, och, xun).
 
Naun xun biri pixun cypon huar. It's not men who cook porridge.
 
Naun biri a cypen huar. It's not men who cook porridge.
 
Biri xun pixun naun cypon huar. Men are not those who cook porridge.
 
Biri a cypen naun huar. Men are not those who cook porridge.
 
The forms with 'de' and 'a' are derived from the conflation of the Latin prepositions de and ad and the Berber particles ti- and 'a', together with the Latin gerundive and the Berber verbal forms. These agree with the O of the clause, following  the Latin construction: Which forms are used dependant on the level of formality. More Latinate forms are favored for holy writings and oratory, more Guanche forms are favored for secular writing and casual conversation.


=Etruscan-Derived Vocabulary=
=Etruscan-Derived Vocabulary=
Most of the Etruscan derived vocabulary was borrowed by the early Christians and transformed into Christian sacramental vocabulary.
Most of the Etruscan derived vocabulary was borrowed by the early Christians and transformed into Christian sacramental vocabulary.


abbess - otonc
abbess - ota
 
abbot - ofyx


abbot - ofync
anchoress, nun - xecha


anchoress, nun - xechonc
anchorite, monk - rubyx


anchorite, monk - rubync
autumn - autynyx


calculation (esp. of Easter) - ocaroc
calculation (esp. of Easter) - ocara


caretaker - texintync, texintonc
caretaker - texintyx, texinta


child - uxiuroc
child - uxiuryx


church - achoc
church - acha


congregation - raucoc
congregation - rauca


cross - tauroc (originally 'tomb', influenced by Greek 'stavros')
cross - tauryx (originally 'tomb', influenced by Greek 'stavros')


cup - curimnonc, taunonc, xanenonc
cup - curimna, tauna, xanena


the dead - xibex
the dead - xibaux


diocese - mocloc
diocese - mocla


eagle - coptonc
eagle - copta


font, baptismal - tinhonc
font, baptismal - tinha


god, false - ureroc
god, false - ureryx


grandmother - tetonc
grandmother - teta


heaven - uratoc
heaven - uratyx


honey - matoc
honey - mata


idol - exoroc
idol - exora


incense - turonc
incense - tura


jug - yrfeonc
jug - yrfea


June - ocoroc
June - ocora


king - lucmaunhync
king - lucmaunhyx


lion - roync
lion - royx


martyr, saint - xiboc
martyr, saint - xibyx, xiba


monastic - ofanync, -onc, -oc
monastic - ofan-yx, -a


moon - tiync
moon - tia


noon - yranhoc
noon - yranhyx


nurse - nonoc
nurse - nona


offering - arfnync, arfasoc, clebonc, tyxonc
offering - arfnyx, arfasyx, clebyx, tyxa


only - tus
only - tus


pagan - cricync, criconc, rumachync, rumachonc
pagan - cricyx, crica, rumachyx, rumacha


people - mechync, rononc
people - mechyx, rona


prayer - molhenonc
prayer - molhenyx


priest - fafonc (m.)
priest - fafyx (m.)


priesthood - arymnatoc
priesthood - arymnatyx


rite - xeroc
rite - xera


room - queronc
room - queryx


sanctuary - xamoc
sanctuary - xamyx


September - cheroc
September - cheryx


son (esp. Son of God) - clenoc
son (esp. Son of God) - crenyx


soul - intioroc
soul - intiora


sun - uxroc
sun - uxryx


then - un
then - un


tomb - xutoc
tomb - xutyx


town - xfuronc
town - xfuryx


vase - tinonc
vase - tina


the Virgin - xnhatonc
the Virgin - xnhata


water of baptism - nheroc
water of baptism - nhera


wife (esp. Zion as bride of Christ), novice nun - fionc
wife (esp. Zion as bride of Christ), novice nun - fia


year, liturgical - auloc
year, liturgical - aulyx


=Guanche-Derived Vocabulary=
=Guanche-Derived Vocabulary=


astronomer - babilaunoc
astronomer - babilaunyx


chief priest - guadamenhoc
chief priest - guadamenhyx


demons - tibisenax
demons - tibisenax


the Devil - guaiautonc
the Devil - guaiautyx
 
festival - benhesmere (pl.)
 
moon - achuguayx
 
Mother of God - chaxiraxa


festival - benhesmeroc
mountain - tinda


moon - achuguaync
nun, sacred virgins - maguada, arimaguada


Mother of God - chaxiraxonc
priest - faica'nyx


mountain - tindonc
priest, funerary - cancyx


nun, sacred virgins - maguadonc, arimaguadonc
rain - achucana


priest - faica'noc
sky - achama'nyx


priest, funerary - cancync
Son of God - chixauraxyx


rain - achucanoc
sun - magyx


sky - achama'noc
teacher for boys - samaranyx


Son of God - chixauraxync
teacher for girls - samara


sun - magoc
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]


teacher for boys - samaranync
[[Category:Conlangs]]


teacher for girls - samaronc
[[Category:A_posteriori_conlangs]]


[[Category:Diachronic conlangs]]


[[Category:A_posteriori_conlangs]] [[Category:Fortunatian]]
[[Category:Fortunatian]]

Latest revision as of 11:14, 9 June 2017

Fortunatian

Uchunatonc
Pronounced: ['rɨm.ba u.ʧu.'na.ta]
Timeline and Universe: Fortunate Islands Universe (FIU)
Species: Human
Spoken: Fortunate Islands
Total speakers: 20,000
Writing system: Roman script
Genealogy: Latin
  Fortunatian Vulgar Latin
  Fortunatian
Typology:
Morphology: Partly fusional
Morphosyntax: Marked Nominative
Word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Linguarum Magister
Created: 2004

Fortunatian (Rymba Uchunata or just Uchunata) is a Romance language, with Etruscan and Guanche substrates, spoken in the Fortunate Islands (our world's Canary Islands) in the Fortunate Islands Universe. This is a description of Classical Fortunatian (fl. 12c ACE).

Phonology

The Fortunatian alphabet has 20 letters. There are also four digraphs which are not considered part of the alphabet, but probably should be.

a [a]

b [b]

c [k] before /a/, /o/, /u/, /y/

d [d]

e [e, ɛ]

g [ʤ]

f [f]

h [etymological, or diaeresis marker]

i [i], [j] before another vowel

m [m]

n [n]

o [ə]

p [p]

qu [k] before /e/, /i/

r [r]

s [s]

t [t]

u [u]

x [ʃ]

y [ɨ]

Non-Alphabetic Digraphs

au [o]

ch [ʧ]

hu [w] - this can (rarely) occur before a consonant

nh [ɲ]

Other Writing Systems

Fortunatian expatriates living on the African mainland occasionally use Ajami.

Cases and Declensions

Proto-Fortunatian

Proto-Fortunatian, the stage that set off Fortunatian from the Latin, reduced the Latin cases and declensions to two cases (nominative and accusative) and three declensions (1st declension feminine, 2nd declension masculine and neuter, and 3rd declension). The complete elision of the accusative singular endings in -m changed the nominative-accusative system into a 'marked-nominative' system in all declensions except the 2nd declension neuter, which was unmarked for case in both singular and plural. The 3rd declension also lacked a case distinction in the plural. Under other circumstances, the instability of such a system and the contribution of Etruscan-speakers to Proto-Fortunatian would suggest a sudden collapse into a system of no cases whatsoever. The Proto-Fortunatian speakers, however, contained a large number of Guanche converts, whose native Berber tongue not only contributed much vocabulary, but also pushed the marked-nominative system into a true nominative-absolutive system. Guanche also contributed to the shift from Latin's SOV order to Proto-Fortunatian's dominant VSO, but that is not the subject of this section.

1fem NomSg -a /a/ AccSg -# NomPl -e /e/ AccPl -aʃ /ax/

2masc NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/ AccSg -# NomPl -i /i/ AccPl -oʃ /aux/

2neuter Sg -# Pl -a /a/

3epicene NomSg -s /s/, -ʃ /x/ AccSg -# Pl -eʃ /ex/

First Stage Pre-Fortunatian

In the next stage, from Proto-Fortunatian to First Stage Pre-Fortunatian, the 2nd declension neuters were redistributed to the 2nd declension masculines and 1st declension feminines:


1fem NomSg -a /a/ AccSg -# NomPl -e /e/ AccPl -aʃ /ax/

2masc NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/ AccSg -# NomPl -i /i/ AccPl -oʃ /aux/

3epicene NomSg -s /s/, -ʃ /x/ AccSg -# Pl -eʃ /ex/

Second Stage Pre-Fortunatian

In the next stage, from First Stage Pre-Fortunatian to Second Stage Pre-Fortunatian, the 3rd declension nouns were redistributed between the 1st and 2nd declensions. Now the declensional system of Early Fortunatian matched the male-female dichotomy of the Berber languages:


1fem NomSg -a /a/ AccSg -# NomPl -e /e/ AccPl -aʃ /ax/

2masc NomSg -ɨʃ /yx/ AccSg -# NomPl -i /i/ AccPl -oʃ /aux/

Verbs

Fortunatian retained the four conjugations of Latin. The contraction of unstressed syllable created a stress contrast between the 2nd singular and the 1st plural forms in the 1st conjugation present. Fortunatian phonology is much friendlier than the other Romance languages to complex initial and final consonant clusters.


'to sing' cantár: cántau, cántax, cant, cantáx, cantách, cántan

'to fear' tmér: tymau, tymex, tymt, tméx,tméch, tymen

'to lead' dúcro: dúcau, dúcx, dúct, dúcmyx, dúctyx, dúcun

'to hear' audír: aúdau, aúdix, aúdt, audíx, audích, aúdun

Syntax

Fortunatian syntax is VSO, following a Berber template provided by the early Guanche converts. Under the influence of Guanche and Berber, Fortunatian prefers VSO order, but a large minority of sentences are SVO, due to the Latin component of the pre-Fortunatian peoples. There is no strong difference between the two orders.

nVS0

Naun cypun biri huar. Men do not cook porridge.

SnVO

Biri naun cypun huar. Men do not cook porridge.

OVnS. This order topicalizes O. The verb changes into a participle which agrees with the subject.

Huar cypontex naun biri. Porridge, men don't cook it.

A different form, with the same topicalization has a participle which agrees with the object.

Huar de cypen naun biri.

If the S is topicalized, the relative verb form + the subjunctive is used. The relative verb forms are derived from the relative participle (pi,p-) and the present indicative forms of the verb to be (x, ex, och, xyx, och, xun).

Naun xun biri pixun cypon huar. It's not men who cook porridge.

Naun biri a cypen huar. It's not men who cook porridge.

Biri xun pixun naun cypon huar. Men are not those who cook porridge.

Biri a cypen naun huar. Men are not those who cook porridge.

The forms with 'de' and 'a' are derived from the conflation of the Latin prepositions de and ad and the Berber particles ti- and 'a', together with the Latin gerundive and the Berber verbal forms. These agree with the O of the clause, following the Latin construction: Which forms are used dependant on the level of formality. More Latinate forms are favored for holy writings and oratory, more Guanche forms are favored for secular writing and casual conversation.

Etruscan-Derived Vocabulary

Most of the Etruscan derived vocabulary was borrowed by the early Christians and transformed into Christian sacramental vocabulary.

abbess - ota

abbot - ofyx

anchoress, nun - xecha

anchorite, monk - rubyx

autumn - autynyx

calculation (esp. of Easter) - ocara

caretaker - texintyx, texinta

child - uxiuryx

church - acha

congregation - rauca

cross - tauryx (originally 'tomb', influenced by Greek 'stavros')

cup - curimna, tauna, xanena

the dead - xibaux

diocese - mocla

eagle - copta

font, baptismal - tinha

god, false - ureryx

grandmother - teta

heaven - uratyx

honey - mata

idol - exora

incense - tura

jug - yrfea

June - ocora

king - lucmaunhyx

lion - royx

martyr, saint - xibyx, xiba

monastic - ofan-yx, -a

moon - tia

noon - yranhyx

nurse - nona

offering - arfnyx, arfasyx, clebyx, tyxa

only - tus

pagan - cricyx, crica, rumachyx, rumacha

people - mechyx, rona

prayer - molhenyx

priest - fafyx (m.)

priesthood - arymnatyx

rite - xera

room - queryx

sanctuary - xamyx

September - cheryx

son (esp. Son of God) - crenyx

soul - intiora

sun - uxryx

then - un

tomb - xutyx

town - xfuryx

vase - tina

the Virgin - xnhata

water of baptism - nhera

wife (esp. Zion as bride of Christ), novice nun - fia

year, liturgical - aulyx

Guanche-Derived Vocabulary

astronomer - babilaunyx

chief priest - guadamenhyx

demons - tibisenax

the Devil - guaiautyx

festival - benhesmere (pl.)

moon - achuguayx

Mother of God - chaxiraxa

mountain - tinda

nun, sacred virgins - maguada, arimaguada

priest - faica'nyx

priest, funerary - cancyx

rain - achucana

sky - achama'nyx

Son of God - chixauraxyx

sun - magyx

teacher for boys - samaranyx

teacher for girls - samara