Viwdiwgu morphology
- Main article: Viwdiwgu
This page gives an extensive description of Viwdiwgu morphological features.
Numerals
The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| ṡāhu | |
| hɛɣiw | |
| miwgō | |
| gōli | |
| šāɣi | |
| tūlɛ | |
| xɛžɛ | |
| čuhi | |
| tsōǧu | |
| pihu |
Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + pihü, with some irregularities:
| ṡāhupihü | |
| hɛɣiwpihü | |
| miwgōpihü | |
| gōlipihü | |
| šāɣipihü | |
| tūlɛpihü | |
| xɛžɛpihü | |
| čuhipihü | |
| tsōǧupihü |
The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:
| ňācju | |
| viwhā |
The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + -pihudjū / -ňācjū / -viwhādjū, with some irregularities:
| hɛɣiwpihudjuhiw | hɛɣiwňācjuhiw | hɛgiviwhādjuhiw | |
| miwgōpihudjū | miwgōňācjū | miwgōviwhādjū | |
| gōlipihudjū | gōliňācjū | gōliviwhādjū | |
| šāɣipihudjū | šāɣiňācjū | šāɣiviwhādjū | |
| tūlɛpihudjū | tūlɛňācjū | tūlɛviwhādjū | |
| xɛžɛpihudjū | xɛžɛňācjū | xɛžɛviwhādjū | |
| čuhipihudjū | čuhiňācjū | čuhiviwhādjū | |
| tsōǧupihudjū | tsōǧuňācjū | tsōǧuviwhādjū |
The numerals for “million” and “billion” are nominal forms on their own (the latter is an adapted loanword from Iðâɣ language):
| viwhālu | |
| mesürentu (from I. mêšúrěntu) |
These forms are treated as regularly declinable nouns:
| miwgō viwhālū | |
| tūlɛ mesürentū |
If these numerals are used as simple count forms, they are declined in the direct case. Inside of a structured sentence, they are declined according the case required by their syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition xāč and are declined in the genitive case:
hɛɣiw viwhāluhiwxjɛ xāč pūɣörɛ to two millions people
Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
- 1985: viwhā tsōǧuňācjū čuhipihudjū šāɣi
When cardinal numbers have an adjective-like function, or when they are used as as simple count forms, they are meant as indeclinable forms (except for "million" and "billion").
sōgu miwgō mācudürɛ çurɛ my three friends' house
ṡāhu, hɛɣiw, miwgō, gōli, ... one, two, three, four, ...
Every numeral, however, can also have a pronominal function. In this case, they are declined in the required case. They are declined only in the singular declension.
sōgu miwgōrɛ the house of those three (people)
The numeral ṡāhu is a notable exception, since its role as an indefinite article in modern texts is rapidly increasing. It thus displays a complete adjectival declension.
In the earlier modern period the idea of “zero” is introduced from Cärähə language. This numeral is however usually limited to mathematics:
| xesü (from C. xesü) |
Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -rō to the cardinal numeral form:
| ṡāhurō | |
| hɛɣiwrō | |
| miwgōrō | |
| gōlirō | |
| šāɣirō | |
| tūlɛrō | |
| xɛžɛrō | |
| čuhirō | |
| tsōǧurō | |
| pihurō | |
| ṡāhupihürō | |
| hɛɣiwpihürō | |
| hɛɣiwpihudjuhiwrō | |
| tūlɛpihudjūrō |
Ordinal numerals for “millionth” and “billionth” are regularly formed from their corresponding cardinal forms, while their multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:
| viwhālurō | |
| mesürenturō | |
| miwgōmesürentūrō |
If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
- 25th: hɛɣiwpihudjū šāɣirō
