Solaric
Solaric Slayegmhyegn | |
Spoken in: | North America c. AD 4000 |
Timeline/Universe: | TaylorS's Eridanian Universe |
Total speakers: | Approx. 200 million |
Genealogical classification: | Indo-European
|
Basic word order: | SVO |
Morphological type: | Agglutinating, Polysynthetic |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | Nominative-Accusative |
Created by: | |
Taylor Selseth | 2010- |
Solaric is an Anglic Language spoken predominantly in North America, centered along the middle and upper Mississippi River valley, the Ohio and Missouri River valleys, the American High Plains, the central Rockies, Pittsburgh, and the central Atlantic coast from Washington to New York. Solaric dialects are also spoken in many orbital colonies and on Luna.
Phonology
Syllable structure is (F|L|N)(C)(C)(F|L|N)(w|y)V(C)(C)
Every polysyllabic word is mildly stressed on the second syllable. There is a simple lexical tone system; a short vowel can have a rising, falling, or neutral tone; a long vowel or diphthong can have a rising-falling, falling-rising, or neutral tone.
Consonants
Labial | Labio-Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
Plosives, lenis | p b | t d ts ds | ʧ j | k g | ||
Plosives, fortis | pʰ p | tʰ t tsʰ ts | ʧʰ c | kʰ k | ||
Nasals, voiced | m m | n n | ||||
Nasals, unvoiced | m̥ mh | n̥ nh | ||||
Fricatives, unvoiced | f f | s s | ʃ sh | h h | ||
Fricatives, voiced | v v | z z | ʒ zh | ɣ r | ||
Laterals | ɫ l ɬˠ lh | |||||
Trills | r rr | |||||
Semivowels | w w | j y ɥ wy |
Among plosives, only lenis plosives occur in the syllable coda. /r/ is realized as a flap intervocalically. /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of a following consonant. /ɣ/ devoices when following a fortis stop. Voiced non-plosive consonants voice lenis plosives. fortis plosives de-voice voiced non-plosive consonants. lenis plosives are voiced intervocalically.
Vowels
Oral Short
Front | Front Rounded | Central | Back | |
High | i i | y ü | u u | |
Mid-High | e e | ø ö | o o | |
Mid-Low | ɛ è | ɔ ò | ||
Low | a a |
Oral Long
Front | Front Rounded | Central | Back | |
High | iː ii | yː üü | uːː uu | |
Mid | eː ee | oː oo | ||
Low | aː aa |
Nasal
Front | Front Rounded | Central | Back | Diphthongs | |
Mid-High | e eng | ø öng | o ong | ||
Mid-Low | ɛ èng | ɔ òng | |||
Low | a ang |
Vowel Harmony
Some affixes have a vowel that takes it's features from the first vowel of the root. there are 2 of such vowels, marked I and E.
I | E | |
Front | i | e |
Rounded | y | ø |
Back | u | o |
Morphology
Noun Phrase Morphology
Adjectives agree with their nouns in case and number. Case stacking occurs so that nouns in a non-core case modifying another noun agrees with that noun. Prepositions are also inflected for number and case agreement.
Basic Noun Phrase structure
QUANTIFIER NEG-CASE-NUMBER.DEFINITENESS-NOUN NUMBER-CASE-COMPARISON-ADJ
Gender
Solaric nouns fall into 2 genders: Animate and Inanimate. Animate nouns include people (including non-biological intelligences), animals, personifications, deities, planets with life, rivers, boats, and spacecraft. Inanimate nouns include everything else. Using inanimate markers with a person can be used to belittle or insult.
Case Prefixes
Common: Subject or Direct Object
Genitive: Marks possession, participation, composition, origin, reference, and description.
Dative: Marks the indirect object.
Benifactive: Marks the beneficiary of an action.
Locative: Marks location
Common | Genitive | Dative | Benifactive | Locative | |
Consonant-Stem Declension | Ø- | ee- | tI- | fwo- | n- |
Vocalic-Stem Declension | Ø- | èv- | tw- | fw- | n- |
W-Stem Declension | Ø- | èv- | t- | f- | n- |
Y-Stem Declension | Ø- | èv- | tw- | fw- | n- |
Number & Definiteness
Unmarked | Definite | Indefinite | |
Singular | -Ø- | -Ed- | -sm- |
Plural | -mye- | -Enye- | -smye- |
Mass nouns are always marked as Singular Indefinite.
Adjective Morphology
Comparative: -moo-(Consonant Root)/-mor-(Vowel Root)
Superlative: -mös-
Pronouns
Nominantive
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | ||
Singular | aa | yü | hi ye | wèn | |
Plural | wi | yoo | dee | sèm |
Accusative
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | mi | yü | ho ye | wèn |
Plural | us | yoo | dem | sèm |
Genitive
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | eemi | eeyü | eeho èvye | eewèn |
Plural | èvus | eeyoo | eedem | eesèm |
Dative
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | tmi | cü | to ce | twèn |
Plural | tus | coo | tem | tsèm |
Benifactive
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | ||
Singular | fmi | fwü | foo fwe | fwèn | |
Plural | fus | fwoo | fwem | fsèm |
Locative
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | ni | nyü | nho nye | nwèn |
Plural | nus | nyoo | nem | nzèm |
Demonstratives
Solaric has two sets of demonstratives. Locative demonstratives point out spaces or areas (physical or conceptual) in relationship to the speaker while objective demonstratives point out discrete (physical or conceptual) objects relative to the speaker. Demonstratives inflect for number and case.
Locative
Common | Genitive | Dative | Benifactive | Locative | |
Proximal | hii | èfii | cii | frii | nhii |
Distal | je | eeje | tejee | fjee | nyee |
Objective
Common | Genitive | Dative | Benifactive | Locative | |
Proximal Singular | des | eedes | tedes | fdes | ndes |
Proximal Plural | diz | eediz | tediz | fdiz | ndiz |
Distal Singular | daa | eedaa | tedaa | fdaa | ndaa |
Distal Plural | döz | eedöz | tödöz | fdöz | ndöz |
Verb Morphology
Finite Verbs
Preceding the Verb
- Free Adverb
Slot 1: Subject Agreement
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | ||
Singular | aa- | yü- | hi- ye- | wEn- | |
Plural | wi- | yoo- | dee- | sEm- |
Slot 2: Interrogation
- Animate Interrogative: -hü-
- Inanimate Interrogative: -wee-
Slot 3: Tense and Evidentiality
- Present and Past tenses distinguish in evidentiality between visual, non-visual, inferential, and unstated.
Present | Past | Future | |
Unstated | -Ø- | -dye- | -nE- |
Visual | -si- | -sò- | |
Non-Visual | -hye- | -hod- | |
Inferential | -dyeg- | -doo- |
Slot 4: Mood
- Indicative: -Ø-
- Used for factual statements
- Used for factual statements
- Subjunctive: -shu-
- Used for probability, possibility, or uncertainty.
- Used for probability, possibility, or uncertainty.
- Conditional: -ke-
- Used for hypotheticals.
- Used for hypotheticals.
- Obligative: -gòE-
- Used for demands and statements of obligations.
- Used for demands and statements of obligations.
- Optative: -wòE-
- Used for statements of wishing, wanting, or desiring something to happen.
- Used for statements of wishing, wanting, or desiring something to happen.
Slot 5: Primary Aspect
Verbs are either inherently active (are an action) or stative (are a state of being). Only active verbs can have habitual aspect.
Imperfect | Perfect | Habitual | |
Active | -bi- | -ven- | -Ø- |
Stative | -Ø- | -v- |
The Habitual is used when the verb occurs on a regular basis. The Imperfect is used for unfolding actions while the Perfect is used for denoting completion.
Slot 6: Voice
- Active Voice: -Ø-
- Passive Voice: -gee
- Active Voice: -Ø-
- The passive voice demotes the Agent and makes the Patient the subject. the special case marker boi- is only used with the passive voice Agent.
Slot 7: Verbal Negation
- Negative: -n
Slot 8: Secondary Aspect
- Causative: -mayi-
- Inchoative: -shaa-
- Resumptive: -kepn-
Slot 9:Adverbal prefix
Slot 10: Derivational Prefixes
Slot 11: Verb Root
Slot 12: Non-productive derivational suffixes derived from prepositions and adverbs used in English Phrasal Verbs.
Slot 13: Incorporated Direct Object
- Only inanimate nouns lacking definiteness marking can be incorporated.
Slot 14: Indirect Object Agreement
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | -mi- | yü- | -ho- -Ø- | -wèn- |
Plural | -us- | -yoo- | -dem- | -sèm- |
Slot 15: Direct Object Agreement
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Impersonal | |
Singular | -mi | -yü | -ho -ye | -wèn |
Plural | -us | -yoo | -dem | -sèm |
Non-finite verbs
- Active Particle: -n-
- Stative Participle: -d-/-Ed-()
- Active Particle: -n-
- The active participle is also used as a gerund and plays the role of an infinitive. They are inflected like nouns when used as a noun and like adjectives when they are used like adjectives.
Syntax
The basic unmarked word order is:
S-V-DO-IO-X
Where S is the Object, V is the Verb, DO is the Direct Object, IO is the Direct Object, and X is a complement.
The order of prepositional phrases follows the Place, Time, Manner pattern.