Hungarian/Loanwords

Disclaimer: This page is a huge WIP and is likely to remain so for a fair while. --Trɔpʏliʊm

Iranian loans

For early Indo-Iranian loans, see Proto-Uralic/Loanwords.

These postdate *q > h and predate *ð > z.

Turkic loans

Ottoman Turkic

Relatively recent loanwords acquired mainly in the 16th to 17th centuries. Retained essentially unchanged since loaning. Mostly sartorial and gastronomic terminology.

• bogrács "cauldron" ← bakrac (why -o-?)
• csibuk "a type of pipe" ← çibuk
• csiriz "flour paste" ← çiriş (why -z?)
• csótár "warp"
• csuha "cape" ← çuha
• csutak "bundle of hay"
• deli "stalwart"
• dikics "shoemaker's knife
• dívány "divan"
• dolmány "a type of coat" ← dolaman
• dzsida "spear"
• findzsa "cup" ← fincan
• handzár "sabre"
• hombár' "trough
• ibrik "a type of pitcher" ← ibrik
• kajszi "apricot" ← kayısı
• kalpag "a type of hat" ← kalpak
• kancsuka "whip"
• kávé "coffee"
• kaszab "butcher" ← kassab (← Arabic qaṣṣāb)
• kazán "boiler" ← kazan
• kefe "brush" ← kefe
• korbács "whip" ← kırbaç
• mámoros "drunk" ← mahmur (← Arabic maxmūr)
• mamusz "slippers"
• papucs "slippers" ← pabuc ~ papuş (← Persian pāpuš)
• pamut "cotton" ← pamuk (why -t?)
• pite "pie" ← pite (← Greek πίτα)
• szattyán "a type of leather" ← sahtiyan (note /tij/ → /c/)
• tarhonya "a type of pasta" ← tarhana (why -o-?)
• tepsi "baking pan" ← tepsi
• zseb "pocket" ← ceb

Noteworthy sound substitutions: 2nd syllable a → á; ı → o; -n → -n ~ -ny; c /ʤ/ → zs ~ dzs ~ -cs

Sources

• Berta, Arpád & Róna-Tas, András: West Old Turkic. Harrassowitz. Wien, 2011.
• Kulonen, Ulla-Maija: Johdatus unkarin kielen historiaan. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura, 1993.