Gd: Abbreviations

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Abbreviations used in Ged¨hi grammar.

List of abbreviations in alphabetic order

1p = 1st person
2p = 2nd person
3p = 3rd person
AA = Afro-Asiatic
acc = accusative
act = active
adj = adjective
adp = adposition (part of speech)
app = apposition (sentence element)
Arab = Arabic
Aram = Aramaic
Cz = Czech
dat = dative
du = dual
Eg = Egyptian
el = elative (1. case, 2. grade)
Eng = English
ESem = East-Semitic
f = feminine
Gd = Ged¨hi
gen = genitive
Hebr = Hebrew
impf = imperfect
imv = imperative
inf = infinitive
loc = locative
m = masculine
n = neuter
nom = nominative
O = object (in specifications of a word order)
OBab = Old Babylonian
pas = pasive
pcple = participle
pf = perfect
PGmc = Proto-Germanic
PIE = Proto-Indo-European
PQ = Proto-Quenya
pl = plural
pp = past participle
PSem = Proto-Semitic
PSl = Proto-Slavic
s = substantive
S = subject (in specifications of a word order)
subj = subject
sg = singular
v = verb
V = verb (in specifications of a word order)
WSem = West-Semitic

Tree of grammatical terms

sentence element
subj = subject
pred = predicate
obj = object
atr = atribute
app = apposition
part of speech
s = substantive
adj = adjective
pron = pronoun
pers = personal
dem = demonstrative
num = numeral
v = verb
adv = adverb
adp = adposition
prep = preposition
postp = postposition
conj = conjunction
interj = interjection
word order
S = subject
V = verb
O = Object
inflection
gender
m = masculine
ma = masculine animate
mi = masculine inanimate
f = feminine
n = neuter
na = neuter animate
ni = neuter inanimate
number
sg = singular
pl = plural
du = dual
declension
case
nom = nominative
gen = genitive
dat = dative
acc = accusative
voc = vocative
ins = instrumental
pos = possessive
loc = locative (at)
ine = inessive (inside)
ade = adessive (near)
exe = exessive (outside)
abe = abessive (far)
term = terminative (toward)
ill = illative (into)
all = allative (to)
el = elative (out of)
abl = ablative (from)
conjugation
tr = transitive
intr = intransitive
aspect
impf = imperfect
pf = perfect
person
1p = 1st person
2p = 2nd person
3p = 3rd person
infinite forms
inf = infinitive
pcple = participle
pp = past participle
tense
pret = preterite
pres = present
fut = future
mode
ind = indicative
imv = imperative
voice
act = active
pas = pasive
gradation
pos = positive
el = elative
comp = comparative
superl = superlative

Tree of languages

AA = Afro-Asiatic
Eg = Egyptian
PSem = Proto-Semitic
ESem = East Semitic
PGd = Proto-Ged¨hi
Gd = Ged¨hi
UGd = Upper Ged¨hi
LGd = Lower Ged¨hi
Zeªht¸i
Akk = Akkadian
OBab = Old Babylonian
Assyrian
Eblaite
WSem = West Semitic
MSA = Modern South Arabian Languages
Eth = Ethiopian
SEth = Southern Ethiopian
Gurage
Amharic
NEth = Northern Ethiopian
Tigrinya
Ge'ez
CSem = Central Semitic
NWSem = Nortwest Semitic
Ugaritic
Canaanite
Hebr = Hebrew
Phoenician
Aram = Aramaic
Arab = Arabic
OSA = Old South Arabian Languages
PIE = Proto-Indo-European
´Mek
PGmc = Proto-Germanic
Eng = English
PSl = Proto-Slavic
Cz = Czech
PQ = Proto-Quenya