Carune Lesson 4
In Lesson 3 you learned to conjugate regular -i stem verbs in Carune. In this lesson, we will discuss -o stem verbs, such as amare and collere, as well as the irregular verb avere. You will also learn how to conduct yourself in a restaurant.
Dialogue
Ione, Rome, and Iulia from the last lesson have become friends. To practice their Carune, the trio go out for lunch after the presentation at the Art Museum.
Carune
- Michale: M'scusis, siniori, Siniora, mi iamo Michale, e zoi a stare il tue cameradore hoi. Queres bevidae?
- Rome: No savo qua quera. Iulia?
- Iulia: Um...me gustaria aqua, per favore.
- Michale: Aqua, bene. E voi, siniori?
- Ione: Quali tipi di refresci si tene?
- MIchale lista i refresci.
- Ione: Bene, me gustaria Coca-cola, per favore.
- Rome: Me pude traere Espraite?
- Michale: Bene, bene. Uni momenti, siniori!
Traduzione (Translation)
- Michale: Excuse me, sirs, miss, my name is Michale, and I am going to be your waiter today. Do you want drinks?
- Rome: I don't know what I want. Iulia?
- Iulia: Um...I would like water, please.
- Michale: Water, sure. And you, sirs?
- Ione: What types of soda do you have?
- Michale lists the sodas.
- Ione: Well, I would like Coca-cola, please.
- Rome: Can you bring me Sprite?
- Michale: Good, good. A few minutes, sirs [and miss]!
Grammar Notes
This dialogue focuses more on colloquial speech. There are a number of phrases that you'll learn more about later. For now, just accept the approximate translations.
- m'scusis: excuse me (to more than one person)
- mi iamo...: I am called...
- cameradore: waiter
- per favore: please
- No savo qua quera: I don't know what I want
- me gustaria...: I would like...
- aqua: water
- quali tipi di refresci si tene: what types of soda do you have
- refresce: soda
- Coca-cola: Coca-cola
- Espraite: Sprite
- me pude traere...: can you bring me...
- uni momenti: a few minutes
There are a few other things you should know. In the last lesson, you learned that m'scusi meant excuse me. There is another form that takes its place when talking to plural people: m'scusis. There is also a colloquial greeting, costa, the equivalent of "what's up".
-O Stem Verbs
You already know how to conjugate verbs in all of the basic stems. However, there are a small number of verbs of the -o stem. These verbs are
- Amare: to love
- Io amo: I love
- Tu amoi: you (familiar) love
- Ele/ela/vusse amoz: he/she/you (formal) loves/love
- Noi amom: we love
- Voi amos: you (plural) love
- Eli/elae amoe: they love
So, simply remove the infinitive ending and add -o/-oi/-oz/-om/-os/-oe.
Additional Verbs
-a stem
- funziare: to work
- cegrare: to close
- caglentare: to heat
-e stem
- aprendere: to learn
- attendere: to attend
- videre: to see
-i stem:
- cognire: to think
- pidire: to ask for
- venire: to come
-o stem:
- collere: to color
- traere: to bring
- olere: to smell
Avere
Avere is the first auxiliary verb you will learn. Avere is used in many idiomatic expressions, and in crafting most of the compound tenses. First, you'll learn about to conjugate avere. In the present tense, it has only one irregular form, and is treated as an -e stem verb. It's the other tenses you need to worry about.
- Avere: to have (auxiliary)
- Io avo: I have (auxiliary)
- Tu avei: you (fam) have (auxiliary)
- Ele/ela/vusse ave: he/she/you (form) has/have (auxiliary)
- Nio avem: we have (auxiliary)
- Vo avec: you (plural) have (auxiliary)
- Eli/elae aven: they have (auxiliary)
Here are some idiomatic phrases and their uses.
- Avere sone: to be sleepy (lit. to have sleepiness)
- Avere ambra: to be hungry
- Avere tirsta: to have thirst
- Avere quo: to have to (do something)
Avere quo is a very common expression, so make sure to remember it.
Exercises
Exercise I
Translate the following from Carune to English:
- 1) Stai in Zergattum?
- 2) Amo al citta di Milane. (citta=city)
- 3) Me gustaria encontrare Ministore Primere Ivane di Torine. (encontrare=to meet)
- 4) M'scusi, me pude traere Coca-cola.
- 5) Avec quo somnire.
Exercise II
Translate the following from English to Carune:
- 1) I am from Grenobela. Where are you from?
- 2) Is she hungry?
- 3) She loves cats.
- 4) Excuse me, are you (plural) from Milane?
- 5) They are tired.
Exercise III
Answer the following questions in Carune.
- 1) M'scusi, me pude traere Espraite?
- 2) Avei sone?
- 3) Stai in al citta di Milane?
- 4) I love to sing? (chantare=to sing)
Exercise IV
Conjugate each of these verbs in all forms:
- 1) Collere (to color)
- 2) Olere (to smell)
- 3) Traere (to bring)
