Biñimbok
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Biñimbok is a language created by Mil and used for several conlang relays.
Its main feature is very small and unusual phonology.
Phonology
Consonants
- /b/ = [b ~ m]
- /k/ = [k ~ h ~ t ~ s]
- /ʔ/ = [ʔ]
- /n/ = [n ~ d ~ ɾ]
- /ŋ/ = [ŋ ~ ɡ]
- /b/ becomes [b] sylable initially and [m] syllable-finally
- /k/ becomes [k] by default, [h] intervocalically, [t] before /i/ and [s] intervocalically before /i/
- /ʔ/ is always [ʔ], it is, however, unwritten between vowels, written ‹’› after a consonant and ‹q› syllable-finally
- /n/ becomes [n] by default, [d] after /b n ŋ/ and [ɾ] ‹r› intervocalically
- /ŋ/ becomes [ŋ] ‹ñ› by default and [ɡ] ‹g› after /b n ŋ/
Please note that the orthography is phonetic rather than phonemic.
Vowels
- /a/
- /e/
- /i/
- /o/
Vowels do not exhibit allophony.
Morphology
Morphophonology:
- (i) When two vowels meet, the previous closest consonant is introduced.
- (ii) If an affix contains the symbol A, it means that the word's closest vowel is echoed.
General notes:
- (iii) The plural is marked with reduplication.
- (iv) The suffixaufnahme is present.
- (v) The genitive marks ergative as well.
Morphemes
Grammatical morphemes
- ’Ak- — and (coordinative prefix);
- ban- — (aorist aspect);
- bo- — (inchoative aspect; causative of intransitives);
- i- — (genitive case);
- ke- — (perfective aspect);
- ñab- — (subordinative prefix);
Verbs
- ’abak — fight against;
- ’anga — come to, go towards;
- ’anti — be alone;
- ’ektik — think about, recall;
- ’okbi — be with, assist;
- ’omke — make, set;
- ’onke — be cautious;
- ’ori — give birth;
- añtiham — be fast;
- aqñariq — talk, tell about;
- baño — be contrary;
- beñge — meet, come across;
- besiq — be big;
- imgen — be (the same as);
- iñak — be dry;
- iñdi — be one;
- kanbehe — open;
- keha — see;
- koñ — swim;
- korem — intend to, want;
- naq’aoq — hate;
- nebik — give up;
- nereqniñ — follow, move along;
- nia — resemble, be similar, be alike;
- nooñ — go past, go through;
- ñak — be free;
- ñakbo — have (as an attribute);
- ñañ’ek — protect, guard;
- ñaqke — destroy;
- ñekben — write down;
- ñiñik — escape;
- ñiñin — be wet;
- ñoha — be located at;
- ñonkori — be necessary;
- ñoño — be brave;
- okkañ — wander;
Nouns
- ’añdin — sand;
- ’arin — fear;
- ’eñda — curve;
- ’ihemdiq — flower;
- ’ok — that (demonstrative);
- ’oñgeñ — plant;
- ’oqña — sea;
- bak’oq — fish;
- beñe — gate;
- biñdaq — tree;
- biroq — you (second person);
- bokba — mountain;
- kekneña — shore;
- keqnañ — sun;
- kosik — bird;
- nanbe — thorn;
- naq’e — place;
- naqkonti — journey;
- nebi — I (first person);
- neboq — story;
- nehoñ — land;
- nen’oq’ok — value;
- neqna — way, road;
- nik — man;
- ñabo — nothing, not (object in negative clauses);
- ñiñam — shelter;
- ñiqñe — rose;
- ñirañ — (3rd person);
CBB IV text
- Bangoha iriknik iioqña añdin ñamgiñin.
- Barokkañ niknik irebirebi ñam’anga nehoñ ñambesiq ñabiñak ñamgoha iañdin.
- Ohokkañ niknik iñirañgirañ ñam’anga nehoñ ñamgiñin.
- Barimgen ioñgeñ’oñgeñ iioqña biñdaqbiñdaq iñirañgirañ.
- Isimgen ibak’oqbak’oq kosikkosik iñirañgirañ.
- Ohokkañ nik ioqña ñabiñakbo nen’oq’ok.
- Barimgen iok bokba iañdin ñam’ori ñabañtiham.
- Baraqñariq irik iioqña iñabaanti keqnañ ñabiñdi.
Analysis
- AOR-be.loc GEN-man-man GEN-GEN-sea sand SUB-be.wet
- AOR-wander man-man GEN-1SG-1SG SUB-come.to land SUB-be.big SUB-be.dry SUB-be.loc GEN-sand
- and-wander man-man GEN-3SG-3SG SUB-come.to land SUB-be.wet
- AOR-be.same GEN-plant-plant GEN-GEN-sea tree-tree GEN-3SG-3SG
- and-be.same GEN-fish-fish bird-bird GEN-3SG-3SG
- and-wander man GEN-sea SUB-have value
- AOR-be.same GEN-DEM mountain GEN-sand SUB-give.birth SUB-be.fast
- AOR-talk GEN-man GEN-GEN-sea GEN-SUB-be.alone sun SUB-be.one
Translation
- All land of the sea men is in the wet sand.
- Our people wander to the big sandy dry land,
- but their people wander to the wet land.
- The seaweeds make up their forest,
- the fish are their birds.
- And then a valuable sea man wanders.
- That is a mountain of sand,
- the mountain was quickly born.
- The sea man talks about the one sun alone.
CR 21 text
- Banbeñge ibiroq bak’oq ñamkoñ ñamgoha oqña.
- Ban’aña ibiroq ñamgonkori kekneña, ekkeha naq’e iñamdaq’aoq.
- Bandebik ibiroq ok, boñak biroq.
- Bañonkori ñamgaqke ok.
- Ban’okbi ibak’oqbak’oq biroq ñamdereqniñ ok neqna.
- Ban’omke ibiroq ñiñam, ñam’okbi bak’oqbak’oq,
- okkoñ biroq ñam’aña eñda ireqna.
- Bankeha ibiroq beñe ñamgoha ok.
- Bañañ’ek ibiroq bak’oqbak’oq ñamgoha neqna ñam’aña kekneña.
- Bandooñ ibiroq beñe ñam’onke.
- Bankanbehe ibiroq beñe, akñaqke ibiroq ñabo ibeñe,
- okkorem ibiroq ñamgaqke ñabo iraq’e iiñamdaq’aoq.
- Bañekben ibiroq neboq ñabaqñariq naqkonti, ek’ektik ibiroq:
- "Keñiñik irebi naq’e iñamdaq’aoq, ñam’abak irebi ok,
- okkorem irebi ñamgekben neboq ñabaqñariq ok.
- Keñoha iñabo iiarin nebi, oknooñ irebi beñe, akñaqke naq’e iñamdaq’aoq.
- Banbaño, ñamdia irebi ihemdiq iñiqñe ñamgoha iñabo iiranberanbe,
- bañoño nebi ñam’abak."
Analysis
- AOR-meet GEN-2SG fish SUB-swim SUB-be.loc sea.
- AOR-come.to GEN-2SG SUB-be.necessary shore, AND-see GEN-2SG place GEN-SUB-hate.
- AOR-give.up GEN-2SG DEM, INC-be.free 2SG.
- AOR-be.necessary SUB-destroy DEM.
- AOR-be.with GEN-fish-fish 2SG SUB-follow DEM way.
- AOR-make GEN-2SG shelter, SUB-be.with fish-fish,
- AND-swim 2SG SUB-come.to curve GEN-way.
- AOR-see GEN-2SG gate SUB-be.loc DEM.
- AOR-protect GEN-2SG fish-fish SUB-be.loc way SUB-come.to shore.
- AOR-go.by GEN-2SG gate SUB-be.cautious.
- AOR-open GEN-2SG gate, AND-destroy GEN-2SG nothing GEN-gate,
- AND-intend.to GEN-2SG SUB-destroy nothing GEN-place GEN-GEN-SUB-hate.
- AOR-write GEN-2SG story SUB-talk journey, AND-think GEN-2SG:
- "PFV-escape GEN-1SG place GEN-SUB-hate, SUB-fight GEN-1SG DEM,
- AND-intend.to GEN-1SG SUB-write story SUB-talk DEM.
- PFV-be.loc GEN-nothing GEN-GEN-fear 1SG, AND-go.by GEN-1SG gate, AND-destroy place GEN-SUB-hate.
- AOR-be.contrary, SUB-resemble GEN-1SG flower GEN-rose SUB-be.loc GEN-nothing GEN-GEN-thorn-thorn,
- AOR-be.brave 1SG SUB-fight."
Translation
- You once meet a fish that swims in the water.
- You must go towards the shoreline, you unfortunately discover the hateful place.
- You surrender to the hateful place and make yourself free.
- Someone must destroy it.
- Fish help you along the road.
- You set a safe place with fish.
- And swim until you are at the road curve.
- You discover a gate there.
- You guard the fish at the road towards the shoreline.
- You go through the gate and you are cautious.
- You turn the gate.
- You open the gate, you don't destroy the gate in order to not destroy the hateful place.
- You write about the journey, thinking:
- "When I fighted against the hateful place, I escaped from there,
- in order to write a story about it.
- I didn't have fear, I went through the gate, I destroyed the hateful place.
- Even though I truly resemble a rose flower without thorns,
- my bravery helps me in my battle."