Ancient Ivetsian paradigms/nouns
Noun inflectional paradigms in Ancient Ivetsian were similar to those of the classical language, but there were several significant differences.
Gender-prefix paradigms
The most significant difference between Ancient Ivetsian and Classical Kasshian was the lack of plural gender prefixes. Thus many nouns had no variation in prefix at all
Hard consonant (non-nasal)
Example adjective: kuvas (same)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | chikuvas |
II | nakuvas |
III | sukuvas |
IV | çikuvas |
V | lakuvas |
VI | wakuvas |
VII | pikuvas |
IX | tūkuvas |
Nasal-initial
This paradigm differed from the regular hard-consonant paradigm only in gender IX. Example adjective: nesni (tall, high)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | chinesni |
II | nanesni |
III | sunesni |
IV | çinesni |
V | lanesni |
VI | wanesni |
VII | pinesni |
IX | tonçesni |
Inherently closed
This paradigm is equivalent to the consonant-dropping paradigm of Classical Kasshian. Unlike the Classical language, however, the etymological /a/ never appears.
Example adjective: ntama (serene)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | chentama |
II | nantama |
III | sontama |
IV | çentama |
V | lantama |
VI | wantama |
VII | pentama |
IX | tontama |
Long-vowel
This paradigm is equivalent to the ka- and ga-subtypes of the consonant-dropping in Classical Kasshian, being adjectives and nouns whose prefix inherently contains a long vowel
Example adjective: zhinu (red)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | chīzhinu |
II | nāzhinu |
III | sūzhinu |
IV | çīzhinu |
V | lāzhinu |
VI | wāzhinu |
VII | pīzhunu |
IX | tūzhinu |
Vowel-initial
There are slight differences between a-initial, i/e-initial, and u/o-initial adjectives. Example adjectives: assai (fast), ilutu (blind), oppazhasa (loving)
Gender | a-initial | i-initial | u-initial |
---|---|---|---|
I | tassai | chilutu | toppazhasa |
II | nassai | nilutu | noppazhasa |
III | sassai | shilutu | soppazhasa |
IV | kassai | çilutu | koppazhasa |
V | lassai | lilutu | loppazhasa |
VI | wassai | wilutu | oppazhasa |
VII | passai | pilutu | poppazhasa |
IX | tukassai | tuçilutu | tukoppazhasa |
L-initial
Example adjective: lapa (strong)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | trapa |
II | nrapa |
III | srapa |
IV | klapa |
V | lalapa |
VI | walapa |
VII | plapa |
IX | tuklapa |
Y-initial
Example adjective: yanali (honest)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | chanali |
II | nyanali |
III | shanali |
IV | çanali |
V | lyanali |
VI | uyanali |
VII | pyanali |
IX | tuçanali |
W-initial
Example adjective: waka (tired)
Gender | Form |
---|---|
I | paka |
II | maka |
III | swaka |
IV | quaka |
V | lwaka |
VI | waka |
VII | paka |
IX | tuquaka |
Case-number paradigms
Vowel-final
Paradigms differ slightly depending on final vowel, in addition to there being two subtypes of u-final nominals Example nouns: çimyala (cat), sukasshi (Kasshi), lasossu (snake), pinellu (bed), walai (stomach), tūjinau (deity)
class | çimyala | sukasshi | lasossu | pinellu | walai | tūjinau | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Absolutive | çimyala | çimyalai | sukasshi | sukasshii | lasossu | lasosswi | pinellu | pinelloi | walai | tūjinau | tūjinavi | |
Ergative | çimyalal | çimyalail | sukasshel | sukasshél | lasossol | lasosswel | pinellol | pinelloil | walail | tūjinaul | tūjinavel | |
Genitive | çimyalaf | çimyalaif | sukasshef | sukasshéf | lasossof | lasosswef | pinellof | pinelloif | walaif | tūjinauf | tūjinavef | |
Dative | çimyalaz | çimyalaiz | sukasshez | sukasshéz | lasossoz | lasosswez | pinelloz | pinelloiz | walaiz | tūjinauz | tūjinavez | |
Instrumental | çimyalani | çimyalaini | sukasshini | sukasshiini | lasossuni | lasosswini | pinelluni | pinelloini | walaini | tūjinauni | tūjinavini | |
Benefactive | çimyalan | çimyalain | sukasshen | sukasshén | lasosson | lasosswen | pinellon | pinelloin | walain | tūjinaun | tūjinaven | |
Commitative | çimyalanan | çimyalainan | sukasshinan | sukasshiinan | lasossunan | lasosswinan | pinellunan | pinelloinan | walainan | tūjinaunan | tūjinavinan |