User:Masako/nkala

sounds

vowels

Monophthongs

	Short		Long
	Front	Back	Front	Back
Close	i	u	iː	uː
Open	ɐ ~ ə		aː

nouns

pronouns

Pronouns

	Subject	Object
1SG	wa-	mwa-
2SG	ni-	ni-
3SG	∅	(m)pu-
1DU	pwá-	twá-
2DU	pí-	(n)tí-
3DU	ú-	tú-
1PL	kwa-	skwa-
2PL	(n)ki-	ski-
3PL	ku-	sku-

verbs

• Pronominal prefix - VERB STEM - tense/aspect-modal

tenses

There are three tenses...nonpast, past, and distant past.

wanuyá	wa-nuy-á	1S-eat-NPST	I eat.
ninuyí	ni-nuy-í	2S-eat-PST	You ate.
pwánuyayí	pwá-nuy-ayí	1DU-eat-DPST	We (two) ate long ago.

other modifiers

Various moods (or modals), aspects, and syntactic markers are used to add nuance and subtlety.

lexicon

These are listed by stem, and do not distinguish nominal and verbal meanings or usages.

• kál - say; tongue; voice; language; talk
• káw - love; desire; dear; care
• kay - earth; ground; land
• kúp - show; evident; witness
• (t)lak - go; move; mobile
• mat - cut; kill; knife
• nak - season; suit; opportune
• nuy - eat; nourish; bread
• pun - vegetable; herb green
• (t)sat - meet; contact
• tan - limit; wall; city
• tum - serve; tend; attend
• túy - advise; prompt; urge