Senjecas Orthographies

Pronunciation table – ṡą́spafṅa̋ro

p	b	f	v	ƿ	m			t	d	þ	ð	ł	l			c	ƶ	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ᵹ	h	ȝ			š	ṡ			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̊/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Sample text from dictionary

Dictionary of Senjecas: The First Language

senȝeka̋' saƿlűvo: se̋mta ȝe̋ka

ςηνjηκα' ςαϝλυϐo: ςημτα jηκα

ceнjeкac' caӎлувo: ceмтa jeкa

שֵניֵכַשְֵ שַמּלֻּבֹ: שֵמּתַּ יֵכַ

სენჲეკასჷ საჳლუვჵ: სემტა ჲეკა

սէնյէկասը սաևլուվօ: սէմտա յէկա

कयॅ॑ तमसॅ॑ :भोलु॑वस सॆकयॅ॑नसॅ

ᛊᛖᚾᛃᛖᚲᚨᛊᛂ ᛊᚨᚹᛛᚣᚡᛟ ᛊᛖᛗᛏᚨ ᛃᛖᚲᚨ

ⵙ ⵆ ⵏⵢⵆ ⴽⴰⵙ ⴻ ⵙ ⴰⵡ ⵍⵓⵠ ⵈ : ⵙ ⵆ ⵎ ⵜⴰ ⵢⵆ ⴽⴰ

ལེནཟེཀྸལ ལྸམལུབྷོ: ལེམཏྸ ཟེཀྸ

General notes – kőino tűsos

• In the Senjecan alphabet there are 33 graphemes, one for each of the phonemes. There are 24 consonants, six vowels (each of which can be long or short), and three weak vowels.
• In the Senjecan alphabet order, these 33 graphemes are ordered according to the point of articulation. Thus, there are five groups, known as clans (űka).

1. labial (feműka)
2. dental (rįsűka)
3. alveolar (muitűka)
4. palatal (vainűka)
5. vowel (ą́ršenűka)

• In some orthographies a diacritic is used to indicate a long vowel; in others the grapheme is doubled.
• In some orthographies labialization and palatalization are indicated by a diacritic; in others a special grapheme is used.
• Few languages have a voiceless labio-velar approximant. In most cases, this is transliterated into Senjecas with whatever grapheme represents <w> which does not occur in Senjecas.
• A column is left blank in the table for the tengwar; they may some day be available on Frathwiki.
• A blank space indicates that a suitable grapheme has not yet been found.
• The use of the three weak vowels <ı>, <ɛ> and <y> is not interchangeable, so the same grapheme can be used to represent all three.

The Labial Clan - feműka

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
p	pa	p	π	п	պ	პ	प	ⱂ	ᛈ		פּ	پ	ⵒ	ㄅ	པ	ㄆ
b	ba	b	β	б	ბ	բ	ब	ⰱ	ᛒ		בּ	ٮ	ⴱ	ㄅ゛	བ	ㄅ
f	fa	ɸ	ɸ	ф	ფ	ֆ	फ	ᚠ	ⱇ		פ	ڡ	ⴼ	ㇷ	ཕ	ㄈ
v	va	β	ϐ1	в	ვ	վ	भ	ᚡ	ⰲ		ב	ف	ⵠ	ㇷ゛	བྷ	ㄪ
ƿ	ƿa	m̊	ϝ2	ӎ3	მ̣	մ̣	व	Ⰼ	ᚹ		מ	م	ⵡ	ヱ	ཝ
m	ma	m	μ	м	მ	մ	म	ᛗ	ⰿ		מּ	ݥ	ⵎ	メ	མ	ㄇ

Notes

1. The cursive beta <ϐ> represents /β/. It does not have a descender.
2. The archaic digamma <ϝ> represents /m̥/.
3. The Kildin Sami em with tail <ӎ> represents the voiceless bilabial nasal /m̥/.

The Dental Clan - rįsűka

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
t	ta	t	τ	т	ტ	տ	त	ᛏ	ⱅ		תּ	ط	ⵜ	テ	ཏ	ㄊ
d	da	d	δ	д	დ	դ	द	ᛞ	ⰴ		דּ	ظ	ⴷ	デ	ད	ㄉ
þ	þa	θ	θ	c̨3	თ̇	թ̇	थ	ⱚ	ᚦ		ת	د	ⵝ	ㄊ	ཐ
ð	ða	ð	ϑ1	ҙ4	თ	թ	ध	ⱚ	ᚧ		דּ	ذ	ⴸ	ㄊ゛	དྷ
ł	ła	l̥	ƛ2	ӆ5	ლ̇	ղ	ळ	ᛪ	ⱈ		ל	ل	ⵐ		ཤ
l	la	l	λ	л	ლ	լ	ल	ᛛ	ⰾ		לּ	ڶ	ⵍ		ལ	ㄌ

Notes

1. The Greek script theta symbol <ϑ> represents /ð/.
2. The barred lambda <ƛ> represents the voiceless dental lateral approximant /l̥/.
3. The Bashkir the <ҫ> represents the voiceless dental fricative /θ/.
4. The Bashkir dhe <ҙ> represents the voiced dental fricative /ð/.
5. The Kildin Sami el with tail <ӆ> represents the voiceless dental lateral approximant /l̥/.

The Alveolar Clan - muitűka

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
c	ca	ʦ	ϻ1	ц	ც	ծ	च	ᛋ	ⱌ		צ	طص	ⵜⵙ	ㄗ	ཙ	ㄔ
ƶ	ƶa	ʣ	ϡ2	ѕ	ძ	ձ	ज	ᛨ	ⰷ		צ	ﻅﺽ	ⴶ	ㄗ	ཛ	ㄓ
s	sa	s	ς4	ѕ3	ს	ծ	स	ᛊ	ⱄ		ס	ص	ⵙ	ス	ལ	ㄙ
z	za	z	ζ	з	ზ	զ	ज़	ᛉ	ⰸ		ז	ض	ⵣ	ズ	ཟཡ	ㄗ
r	ra	r̥	ρ	р	რ	ր	र	ᚱ	ⱃ		ר	ر	ⵖ	レ	ར	ㄖ
n	na	n	ν	н	ნ	ն	न	ᚾ	ⱀ		נ	ں	ⵏ	ド	ན	ㄋ

Notes

1. The archaic san <ϻ> represents the voiceless alveolar affricate /ʦ/.
2. The archaic sampi <ϡ> represents the voiced alveolar affricate /ʣ/.
3. The sigma form <σ> is not used.
4. The Macedonian dze <ѕ> represents the voiced alveolar affricate /ʣ/.

The Palatal Clan - vainűka

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
k	ka	c	κ	к	კ	կ	क	ᚲ	ⰽ		כ	ک	ⴽ	ケ	ཀ	ㄎ
g	ga	ɟ	γ	г	გ	գ	ग	ᚷ	ⰳ		ג	ݢ	ⴳ	ゲ	ག	ㄍ
x	xa	ç	χ	ќ4	ჯ	խ̣	ख	ᛪ	ⱈ		ח	ﺣ	ⴿ	ㄎ	ཁ
ᵹ	ᵹa	ʝ	ϙ1	ѓ5	ღ	խ	घ	ⰶ	ᛩ		ק	ﺧ	ⴿ	ㄎ゛	ག
h	ha	ȷ̊	ⱶ2	h	ჱ	հ	ह	ⱍ	ᚺ		ה	ه	ⵀ	ヘ	ཧ
ȝ	ȝa	j	j3	j6	ჲ	յ	य	ⰺ	ᛃ		י	ى	ⵢ	ベ	ཟ	ㄐ

Notes

1. The archaic qoppa <ϙ> represents the voiced palatal fricative /ʝ/.
2. The archaic half heta <ⱶ> represents the voiceless palatal approximant /ȷ̊/.
3. The Greek yot <j> represents the voiced palatal approximant /j/.
4. The Macedonian kje <ќ> represents the voiceless palatal plosive /ç/.
5. The Macedonian gje <ѓ> indicates the voiced palatal plosive /ɟ/.
6. The Macedonian je <j> represents the voiced palatal approximant /j/.
7. The Glagolitic <ⱍ> /tʃ/ is reassigned the value /ȷ̊/.

The Vowel Clan - áršenűka

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
I2 į	i	i i:	ι ῖ1	и ӣ2	ი იი	ի իի	इ ई	ⰹ ⰹⰹ	ᛁ ᛁᛁ		ב בִ	ی یٓ	ⵉ ⵉⵉ	イ イｰ	ལི ㄧ	ལཱི
e ę	e	e e:	η ῆ	э э̄	ე ეე	է էէ	ए ऐ	ᛖ ᛖᛖ	ⰵ ⰵⰵ		אֵ אֵֽ	ے ےٰ	‹ «	エ エｰ	ལེ ㄜ	ལཻ ㆤ
a ą	a	a a:	α ᾶ	а ā	ა აა	ա աա	अ आ	ᚨ ᚨᚨ	ⰰ ⰰⰰ		אַ אַֽ	ا ﺁ	ⴰ ⴰⴰ	ア アｰ	ལྸ ㄚ	ལཱ
ɔ ɔ̨	ɔ	ɔ ɔ:	ω ῶ	ѡ3 ѡ̄	ო ოო	ո ոո	ऋ ॠ	ᚮ ᚮᚮ	ⱉ ⱉⱉ		אָ אׇֽ	ݝ ݞ	= ==	ㄠ ㄠｰ	ལྲྀ	ལཷ
o ǫ	o	o o:	ο õ	o ō	ჵ ჵჵ	օ օօ	ओ औ	ᛟ ᛟᛟ	ⱁ ⱁⱁ		אֹ אֹֽ	ع عٓ	- --	オ オｰ	ལོ ㄛ	ལཽ ㆦ
u ų	u	u u:	υ ῦ	у ӯ	უ უუ	ու ուու	उ ऊ	ᚣ ᚣᚣ	ⱆ ⱆⱆ		אֻ אֻֽ	و وٓ	ⵓ ⵓⵓ	ウ ウｰ	ལུ ལཱུ	ㄨ
ı	nı̋þi	ɪ	ῐ	ы	ի̇	ი̈	इॆ	ⱏ	ᛦ		אְִ				ལ
ε	nı̋þe	ε	ε	ә	ե	ჷ	ऎ	ⱐ	ᛂ		אְֵ				ལ	ㄝ
y	nı̋þu	ʊ	ῠ	ў	ու̈	უ̈	उॆ	ⱛ	ᛇ		אְֻ				ལ

Notes

1. When using the Greek alphabet, vowel length is indicated by a tilde (piðne̋uo) over the vowel.
2. When using the Cyrillic alphabet, vowel length is indicated by a macron (piðbőto) over the vowel.
3. The Cyrillic small letter omega <ѡ> represents the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/.

Labialization (fémšenkı̋a) and Palatalization (váinšenkı̋a)

Lat	name	IPA	Grk	Cyr	Arm	Geo	Dev	Gla	Run	Tng	Heb	Ara	Tif	Kat	Tib	Bop
ṡ		sʲ	σῐ1	cь			व्य	ⱄ	ᛊ		שי	صۥ	ⵙⵯ	サｦ	ལྺ
š		sʷ	σῠ2	cъ			स्य		ᛊᛃ		שו	صۦ	ⵙ ⵐ	サﾖ	ལྻ

Notes

1. Palatalization is indicated by iota with breve <ῐ>.
2. Labialization is indicated by upsilon with breve <ῠ>.
3. Palatalization is indicated by the soft sign <ь>.
4. Labialization is indicated by the hard sign <ъ>.