Poswa verbs

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Poswa verbs have 8 conjugation classes corresponding to the final letter of the stem of the verb. The commonest final vowel is /a/, so -a is considered the first conjugation class. Each verb also conjugates for three persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and three tenses: past, present, and imperative. The "plain" future tense is derived from the imperative. Verbal moods are handled by inflecting the conjugated verb (which always ends in a vowel) with consonants that resemble noun inflections. It could thus be said that verbs in Poswa are merely a subset of nouns. Lastly, each verb can be inflected for transitivity, so from each verb stem can be formed 54 forms. [1]

Conjugation tables

-a

The verb luba "to change color, repaint" is used here as an example of an -a verb.

VERB Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person lubi lubo lubub
2nd person lube lubae lubi
3rd person lubel luba lubob
Transitive 1st person lubebi lubabo lubwub
2nd person lubebe lubabae lubwi
3rd person lubebel lubaba lubwob

Thus one can say Blebblobop lippipa lubabi, "I painted the wall green", but Lusafampi lubi žužum "I turned pink from embarrassment" after discovering you've painted over the windows as well.

-e/-i

As Poswa inherited the "a e i o u" vowel order from Pabappa, and places its vowels before its consonants, the second conjugation is the one representing verb stems ending in -e or -i. The verb wape "to help, provide for" is used here as an example of an -e verb. The endings would be the same if the verb ended in -i instead. Unlike the -a conjugation, the -e/-i conjugation always adds a syllable to the intransitive form and two syllables to the transitive form. This is because the final vowel of the verb stem does not collapse the way it does in the -a words.

wape Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person wapebi wapebo wapebub
2nd person wapebe wapebae wapebi
3rd person wapebel wapeba wapebob
Transitive 1st person wapebebi wapebabo wapebwub
2nd person wapebebe wapebabae wapebwi
3rd person wapebebel wapebaba wapebwob

-o/-u/-y

A more complicated setup is the third conjugation, that which reflects words ending in the rounded vowels /o/, /u/, and /y/ (a rounded schwa-like sound).

The verb subu "to conquer, take over" is used here as an example of an -u verb. The endings would be the same if the verb ended in -o or -y instead, but note that most verb stems ending in -o do not belong to this conjugation.

subu Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person subwi subwo subwub
2nd person subwe subwae subwi
3rd person subwel subwa subwob
Transitive 1st person subwebi subwabo subwub
2nd person subwebe subwabae subwi
3rd person subwebel subwaba subwob

-p

The first consonant-stem conjugation is the -p conjugation, because /p/ is the first consonant in the Poswa alphabet. Since all reflexive verbs end in /p/, this conjugation is more common than the other consonant conujgations. However, many verb stems that end in /p/ are normal verbs, not reflexives. The verb blop "to see, focus" is used below as an example of a non-reflexive /p/ verb. Note that, unlike the vowel conjugations above, the transitive form is not merely derived by inserting the infix "-ab-" into the intransitive form.

blop Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person blofi blofo blofub
2nd person blofe blofae blofi
3rd person blofel blofa blofob
Transitive 1st person blobbi blobbo blobbub
2nd person blobbe blobbae blobbi
3rd person blobbel blobba blobbob


-m

The -m conjugation is very simple. The verb pessam "to cuddle, hug, squeeze someone" is used here as an example of an -m verb.

pessam Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person pessambi pessambo pessambub
2nd person pessambe pessambae pessambi
3rd person pessambel pessamba pessambob
Transitive 1st person pessambebi pessambabo pessambwub
2nd person pessambebe pessambabae pessambwi
3rd person pessambebel pessambaba pessambwob

-s

The -s conjugation has a few slipups. The verb pipsis "to sleep in a tree, camp out" is used here as an example of an -s verb.

pipsis Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person pipsiši pipsišo pipsišub
2nd person pipsiše pipsišae pipsiši
3rd person pipsišel pipsiša pipsišob
Transitive 1st person pipsispi pipsispo pipsispub
2nd person pipsispe pipsispae pipsispi
3rd person pipsispel pipsispa pipsispob

-l

The -l conjugation appears to have arisen as a combination of two divergent ones. The verb pumpel "to drill, cut deeply" is used here as an example of an -l verb.

pumpel Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person pumpeži pumpežo pumpežub
2nd person pumpeže pumpežae pumpeži
3rd person pumpežel pumpeža pumpežob
Transitive 1st person pumpellwi pumpellwo pumpellwub
2nd person pumpellwe pumpellwae pumpellwi
3rd person pumpellwel pumpellwa pumpellwob


-o

The -o conjugation is considered a consonantal one, because it reflects a lost final /r/ that changed to /b/ in some words but coalesced with the preceding vowel in others. This is why most verb stems with final -o are not in the -o/-u/-y conjugation above, but rather in this one. The verb poto "to chase down, run and catch, as in war" is used here as an example of an -o verb.

poto Past Present Imperative
Intransitive 1st person potabi potabo potabub
2nd person potabe potabae potabi
3rd person potabel potaba potabob
Transitive 1st person potolwi potolwo potolwub
2nd person potolwe potolwae potolwi
3rd person potolwel potolwa potolwob

Notes

  1. This seems low? I think there is a second conjugation which substitutes an -al- for all of the -ab- infixes, changing the meaning to passive (and can only be used with transitive verbs). Also, I just remembered that the -ab- changes to -eb- to mark yet another shade of meaning, and that there is probably an -el- too, so the transitive tables should actually be quadrupled.