Senjecas - but

Pronunciation guide

p

b

f

v

ɱ

m

t

d

þ

ð

ł

l

c

ƶ

s

z

r

n

k

g

x

ᵹ

h

ȝ

/p/

/b/

/ɸ/

/β/

/m̊/

/m/

/t/

/d/

/θ/

/ð/

/l̥/

/l/

/ʦ/

/ʣ/

/s/

/z/

/ɾ̥/

/n/

/k/

/g/

/ç/

/ʝ/

/j̊/

/j/

i	e	a	ɔ	o	u		ı	ɘ	y
/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/		/ɪ/	/ə/	/ʊ/

Postposition

• 1. ša - without, apart from, except

vísu tąta̋’ ša e-vı̋da:

Everyone but Father left.

vís-u	tąt-a̋-’	ša	e=vı̋d-a
everyone-NOM.SG	father-STA.SG-ELIS	but	PST=leave-IND

Adverb

• 2. átu - merely, only, just

átu tı̋r ṭumre̋nos taᵹde̋mom do e̋sa:

It is but three miles to the inn.

átu	tı̋r	ṭum-re̋n-os	taᵹ-de̋m-om	do	e̋s-a
but	three	thousand-step-NOM.PL	travel-house-MOT.SG	to	be-IND

Conjunction

• 3. ši - except (for), excluding

ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűla:

I had no choice but to leave.

ne̋x-a	őp-a	m-ús	o	ši	vı̋d-u	e=vűl-a
no-NOM.SG	choice-NOM.SG	1-STA.SG	to	but	leave-SUP	PST=leave-IND

• 4.þǫ́si - on the contrary, but rather (< þǫ̋sa, t.v. oppose, face)

mu ᵹa̋va ne þǫ́si pę̋da:

I am not rich, but poor.

m-u	ᵹa̋v-a	ne	þǫ́si	pę̋d-a
1-NOM.SG	be.rich-IND	not	but	be.poor-IND

• 5. ésti - however, although, nevertheless

nu lábu ƶę̋ru ésti gőbu vűa:

She is very old but she is beautiful.

n-u	lábu	ƶę̋r-u	ésti	gőb-u	vű	a
3-NOM.SG	very	old-NOM.SG	but	beautiful-NOM.SG	be-IND

• 6. ši - except that (with subjunctive)

mu ṅe̋gu fę̋a ši de̋gaþ' űto:

I cannot help but feel offended.

m-u	ṅe̋g-u	fę̋-a	ši	de̋g-a-þ-'	űt-o
1-NOM.SG	help-SUP	be.unable-IND	but	offend-IND-PPTCP-ELIS	feel-SBJV

• 7. ši - without it being the case that, unless that

sų̋ɱa nexum ši že̋la:

It never rains but it pours.

sų̋ɱ-a	nexum	ši	že̋l-a
rain-I-ND	never	but	pour-IND