Ilya
- See also: Ilya dictionary
- See also: Ilya phrases
- á é í ó ú
sounds
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosives | p b | t d | k g | ʔ (q) | ||
| Nasals | m | n | ||||
| Fricatives | s | ʃ (sh) | ||||
| Approximants | l | j (y) | w | h | ||
| Trill | r |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
grammar
Ilya is an agglutinating language. Its vocabulary consists of basic roots which can be extended into different parts of speech, their meaning changed or modified, with various suffixes. Most of the suffixes are optional, so that there is a choice of what sort of information to convey with a given word.
verbs
Ilya relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the Ilya verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple.
tenses
Verbs have two tenses indicated by conjugation, past (-esh) and nonpast (-Ø). The semantic difference between present and future is not indicated by means of conjugation. Usually there is no ambiguity as context makes it clear whether the speaker is referring to the present or future. Voice and aspect are also indicated by means of conjugation, and possibly agglutinating auxiliary verbs.
- gaqanemesh?
- see.3sg-Q-PST
- Did he see?
- shayab
- know.1s
- I know.
verb modifiers
- negative mood - x
nouns
number
- x - horse
- x - horses
gender
case
- -Ø - the tooth [nominative / subject] NOM
- -wá / -ó - the tooth [oblique / dative / accusative] OBL
- x - of the tooth [genitive] GEN
- x - with the tooth, and the tooth [instrumental / comitative] COM
- x - O the tooth [vocative] VOC
- -yá / -ái - on/in/at the tooth [locative] LOC
pronouns
There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb. There are a limited number of deictics and quantifiers:
- ku- - this
- shu- - that (by you)
- u- - that (over there); other; another
- wa- - same; the same
- ni- - each; every
- le- - some
- ba- - none
noun classes
- x- - people; places
- x- - trees; weather; natural phenomena
- x- - groups of objects; collective
- x- - tools; artifacts
- x- - body parts and functions
- x- - animals; noises
- x- / a- - abstract; null
adpositions
locative affixes
- x- - static location
- x- - inside of an object
- x- - under water
- x- - into water
- x- - on top of
- x- - under
- x- - through
- x- - out of
- x- - above or over
- x- - in the air
- x- - across
- x- - on / at / away from
- x- - along / back to
- x- - over there
- x- - to / towards
