Senjecas Syntax

4.1 Word Order - saɱpa̋fa

4.1.1 Senjecas has an object-verb (OV) syntax, which means that all modifiers (adjectives, possessives, postpositional phrases, clauses) are placed before the noun they modify. The finite verb is the last element in its sentence.
4.1.2 Sentence order is: (subject) + (adverbial time phrase) + (adverbial place phrase) + (other postpositional phrase) + (object) + finite verb + (interrogative) + (negative).

The millstone under the oak tree is heavy.

perk̬ı̋s néra mólta̋ino gų̋ro e̋sa:

The stag whose antlers are broken is fighting.

ȝo nés cą̋ros ȝa̋faþos vűa—ke̋rɱe ca̋ta:

4.1.3 A verb in the imperative mood is placed last in the sentence. The imperative form is used for the jussive and the hortatory moods as well. If the context is clear, no personal pronoun is needed as subject. If the imperative verb has a direct object, a predicate adjective, or a dependent verb, these precede the imperative verb.

Throw the ball.

(tú) ge̋lom ȝę̋e:

4.1.4 If the personal pronoun is repeated in the sentence, the subject pronoun is omitted.

Throw your ball.

tús ge̋lom ȝę̋e:

Throw his ball.

(tú) nús ge̋lom ȝę̋e:

King William I reigned 21 years.

se̋mtu ɱilhe̋lmu rę̋ᵹu ẋűr sem e̋non e-re̋ƶa:

4.2.1 A sentence expresses a thought in words. Syntax treats of the relation of these words to one another. A sentence may contain a declaration, a question, a command (imperative or subjunctive), or an exclamation. Each of these may be either affirmative or negative.
4.2.2 Every sentence must contain a verb. The verb may or may not be accompanied by other words. The subject is that about which something is stated. The predicate is that which is stated about the subject. For example, in the sentence ma̋kis na̋nmis vų̋a, the poppies are in bloom, "the poppies" is the subject and "are in bloom" is the predicate.
4.2.3. A verb makes the simplest form of sentence:

Descriptions of the weather: sų̋ɱa, It is raining.

When the context is clear: (nu) rę̋sa, He runs.

4.2.4 A simple sentence contains only one clause.
4.2.5 When any form of e̋sa or vų̋a, be, connects the subject with a following noun, adjective, or phrase, the verb is called the copula, and what follows is called the predicate, e.g., ma̋nos sőȝos vų̋a, (my) hands are cold. Because there are two words expressing existence, the copula may not be omitted in Senjecas.
4.2.6 That upon which the action of a verb is exerted is called the object. The object may be either direct or indirect, e.g., in nu tı̋r mę̋on te̋rnon olnús o e-lűᵹa, he promised him three measures of wheat, "three measures" is the direct object and "him" the indirect object.
4.2.7 Verbs which can have a direct object are called transitive; those which cannot are called intransitive. In Senjecas, most verbs are ambitransitive, that is, they can be either transitive or intransitive.

4.3.1 With verbs signifying to be, to become, to appear, to taste, to be named, to be chosen, to be made, to be thought, to be regarded, etc., a noun or adjective in the predicate is in the same case as the subject. These verbs are called copulative verbs.

The king has become angered by your speech.

re̋ᵹu tús leuðsaɱős ge̋gaþu ı̨̋la:

This man is king.

i-ɱı̋ru re̋ᵹu e̋sa:

These apples taste good.

i-abe̋los da̋los ƶę̋sa:

4.3.2 The predicate adjective with these verbs agrees with the subject in class, number and case.

That girl is very pretty.

a-pa̋ḷu lábu gőbu e̋sa:

4.3.3 A predicate adjective or noun is placed immediately before the finite verb phrase.

This custom is popular with the young people.

i-gűa bekűm áða le̋uða vų̋a: