Ugric/vocab
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A table of Common Ugric vocabulary scavenged from various sources.
To gage the distribution and regularity of these, I'm listing the main varieties of Mansi and Khanty separately.
(Methodological note: in most previous research, a Hungarian reflex has been considered necessary for considering a word to be Common Ugric — although the existence of Ob-Ugric as a separate branch has never been demonstrated.)
| Word | Hungarian | SMs | WMs | EMs | NMs | EKh | SKh | NKh | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "to stick into" | akad- | takn- | - | *tåxn- | taxn- | *ɬooɣɯɯn- | tooxən- | *tooxən- | Hu. *ʊ > a / _[-VCD]? |
| "to bild; to fix" | alkot- | alt- | olt- | oolt- | oolt- | *aaLt- | *oottə- | *aaLtə- | |
| "" | által | ?? | |||||||
| "father" | apa | cf. PU *ëppə "father-in-law" > HU ipa | |||||||
| "stream; lake" | ár | - | tuur | tuur | tuur(†ə) | *ɬaar | toor | *Laar | ← II; cf. Fi. sarajas, P. *šoor. VS tur |
| "" | ara | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "younger mtrnl relat." | ara | - | LM oår | - | oor | ooĺii | *oorti | ||
| "gold; copper" | arany | tarəń | *tariń | tårəń | - | *ɬoorńə | - | - | ← II |
| "" | aszik | ?? | |||||||
| "to swear; to say" | átkoz | - | - | - | - | aat- | - | - | Weak. |
| "" | atval | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "to wet; to dive" | áz- | - | - | - | - | *ɬastə- | tastə- | Kz ɬostə- | z : s? ∅z : st?? |
| "" | bërke | - | - | - | ?? | ||||
| "" | csigolya | ?? | |||||||
| "sprout" | csíra | ćürkiit- | śirk | śɪrk | śirka | - | - | - | cf. Fi. sirkka?! |
| "" | csókol | - | - | - | |||||
| "knot" | cseg ~ csög |
- | śäŋkəl | śiŋkəl-t- | - | - | - | - | Or Hu ~ P+Kh *ćuŋə "finger joint"? P *džek "block"?? |
| "" | csuhé | ||||||||
| "to thro" | †tob- | - | - | - | toomp- | - | - | - | Weak, onomat.? Std H dob- |
| "hill, island" | domb | toomp | to/ump | tomp | tomp | - | - | - | Bad |
| "dog" | ëb | äämp | *öämp | *öämp | aamp | äämp | ȧȧmp | *ȧȧmp | |
| "to harden" | edz- | - | - | *öät- | - | äät- | aat- | aat-- | also cf. Kh *ii₂təp "steel" |
| "inside; at home" | *jʊ- | jüw | jüw | juw | juw | jooɣ | jox | joxii | |
| "blade" | él | iĺmət | iĺəm | iĺəm | eelmi | - | - | - | Ms. shortening? |
| "to mix" | elegyëdik | tilt- | teelit- | U telit- | teel(iɣt)- | *ɬiiLəɣtə- | - | *LiiL(ət)- | |
| "other side" | elv | äləm | *öäləm | *öäləm | aaləm | J aaɬəm | aatəm | - | |
| "to caress; to kiss" | enyel(ëg-) | üńəwl- | ińjəl- | ińəjl- | ańiɣl- | - | - | - | |
| "glue" | enyv | iĺəm | P iĺəm ~ VS jeeĺəm |
iĺəm | eeĺəm | eejəm | ȧȧjəm | ȧȧjəm | Ms. shortening? |
| "strawberry" | epër | äpərjek | *ääpərjeex | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "squirrel" | evet | - | - | - | - | *jiipə(t) | - | - | |
| "fat" | faggyú | - | - | - | - | pooĺť | puuť | puuť | |
| "to tire" | fárad | - | - | - | powrəmat- | - | - | - | |
| "to separate" | fejt- | - | pääj- | pääj- | - | - | - | "paajit-" | |
| "bridle" | fék | pääk | - | - | Check Ms. | ||||
| "to burst" | fekély | - | - | päxl- | pokl- | - | - | - | |
| "black" | fekete | - | - | - | - | peɣtə | peɣtə | puutii | |
| "" | fël | ?? | |||||||
| "" | fér | - | - | - | ?? | ||||
| "eye of needle, backside" | fok | - | - | pʊ/up | pup | poɣ | pow | pow | Check EMs. |
| "to flow" | foly- | poĺćiit- | *poĺśt- | polśiit- | poĺśət- | - | palťəma- | *poɭi- | |
| "type of duck" | fú | - | - | - | - | paaj | - | - | Weak. Cf. Sk. *pake? |
| "(to) stick" | ful(ánk) | - | pulp | pʊlp | - | *puuL- | puutəp | - | Ms. shortening? |
| "grass" | fű | pom | #puum | U pom ~ M puum |
pum | VVj paam ~ Sgt poom |
puum | *poom | |
| "" | fülik | - | - | - | ?? | ||||
| "smoke" | füst | - | *pašəm | *påšəm | posim | - | - | *poosəŋ | Kh. ← EMs? |
| "to stick in" | gyakik | - | - | M jɤɤkʷ- | - | V jooɣɯɯ- | - | Kz jaxəs- | Or H. ~ Fi/Ma *d₂okka- |
| "(to) plane" | dial. gyarol- | jar | jarə | jar | jor | - | - | - | std gyalu' < gyalló < *ďarl-ɜw? Ms also *jar-ɣ- "to plane" |
| "root" | gyökér gyökere- |
jükäär | jeekər | jeekʷər | jeekʷar | - | - | - | |
| "to spit" | hagyap- | - | kuĺkəs- | O kuĺk- | xuĺxas- | - | - | - | |
| "(to have) fever" | hagy(máz) | - | - | xoš | - | kaańť- | - | xaaś- | Or H. ~ PU *kod₂ka "spirit" (máz < "sickness"). Kh "C" xoońť- |
| "hair" | haj | - | kooj | U xooj | xooj | - | - | - | |
| "to bend" | hajol- | - | kooj- | xojt- | - | - | - | - | |
| "to drive" | hajt | - | xujt- | kujt- | xujt- | - | - | - | Cf. PIE *h₂aǵ-? |
| "mound; tussock" | hant | - | LM komšəl | - | xoməs | - | - | xoməs | |
| "woodpecker" | harkály | karkaaj | *koorki | *koorki | xooxra | *kajarkɯɯ | xaxraaj | xaŋraa | |
| "to burst" | hasad | kaśl- | - | xaśl- | xaśl- | - | - | - | |
| "swan" | hattyú | kotaaŋ | *kʷatəŋ | *kʷåtəŋ | xotaŋ | kotəŋ | xotəŋ | xotəŋ | ← Turkic |
| "to wither; to end" | hërvad | - | - | - | - | Tj korəɣɬə- | - | - | Weak. |
| "7" | hét | säät | *söät | *söät | saat | *ɬääpət | taapət | *Lääpət | ← Toch./II, perhaps separately |
| "to get fat" | híz- | koot- | kuut- | U xuut- | xuut- | VV kaatəɣtə- | xoot-tə- | Kz xɔɔt-ɬə- | |
| "beaver" | hód | końťəl | kʷontəĺ | kuńťəĺ | xuntəĺ | - | - | - | ← Turkic |
| "near" | hoz(zá) | - | - | - | - | kuuťəŋ | - | xośaa' | *ć > z?! |
| "" | húz | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | i(afia) | ||||||||
| "small, young" | i(fjú) | - | - | - | - | ääj | ȧȧj | *ȧȧj | |
| "" | iránt | ||||||||
| "joint" | íz | - | - | - | - | jöt | jet | jiit | better here than ~ FP *jäsə(n) |
| "good" | jó java- |
jomaas | *jaməs | jåməs | jomas | jem | jem | jiim | Or Kh. ~ F *imeh |
| "to come" | jut- | jokt- | *joxʷt- | joxt- | joxt- | *joɣət- | joxət- | joxət- | |
| "mood; hate" | kedv | - | känt | - | kant | - | *kent | kant | |
| "" | keserű | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | keshed | ||||||||
| "" | ki | ||||||||
| "" | kísér | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | köles | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | könnyű | ||||||||
| "to hum, moo, growl" | könyörög- | - | - | kenɣ- | keenɣ- | *köönəɣ- | kenəj- | Kz keeni- | |
| "" | köszörül | - | - | - | |||||
| "slow" | lassú | ?? | |||||||
| "loose; wide" | laza | - | *laś | *låś | loś | ɭať | lať | *ɭaś | |
| "" | lë(ány) | ||||||||
| "to step" | lép | ||||||||
| "" | les | ||||||||
| "horse" | ló lova- |
low | luw | lʊ | luw | *looɣ | taaw | *Laaw | |
| "shin; foot" | loll | lʌjəl | *lɤɤl låjl- |
*lɤɤl låjl- |
laaɣəl | *ɭaaɣəɭ | laaxəl | - | |
| "person" | magyar | mäńćii | *möäńś | *möäńś | maańśi | *maańť | *moońť | *maaś | *mäńćɜ ← II *manuš |
| "willow" | malát | - | - | - | - | *maɣLïï | *maxtə | *moxLa | |
| "palm" | marok | - | - | - | - | muurəs | muurəs | - | |
| "to dive" | márt- | moors- | *muurs- | muurs- | muurs- | *maraa- | *mar- | *mar- | |
| "warm" | meleg | määliit | *möältəp | *möältəp | maaltip | *meeɭəŋk | - | *meeɭək | |
| "to be proper; to fit" | mélt- | - | - | - | - | meel- | - | - | |
| "deep" | mély | mäl ~ miĺ |
mil | mil | mil | *meL | met | *mäL | P. ńiĺ |
| "stallion; herd" | mén | - | - | - | - | - | - | maanəŋ | Weak. |
| "to tear" | mënyül- | mänəmt- | *mänəmt- | *määnəmt- | manəm- | - | *meneemə- | *meeɳəm- | |
| "" | mer | ||||||||
| "" | mered | ||||||||
| "" | mese | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | mét(háló) | ||||||||
| "" | meztelen | - | - | - | |||||
| "to smile" | mosolyog | mos- | mus- | mʊsət- | musat- | - | - | - | |
| "" | -nÁl | - | - | - | |||||
| "sun, day" | nap | ||||||||
| "" | nevet | - | - | - | |||||
| "woods, hurdle; to bind" | nyék | - | neew- | neeɣ- | neeɣ- | - | neewəj | - | k ~ *ɣ?? Semantics wtf? Cf Mong. *neke- "to weave" |
| "to pull" | nyer | ńärəmt- | ńir- | ńerəmt- | - | ńer- | ńer- | *ńär- | |
| "8" | nyolc | ńolalu | ńallow | ńållåw | ńoləlow | ńɯɯLəɣ | ńiitə | *ńiiɣəL | Check Ms. Cf. PU *neljä "4"?! |
| "" | oldal | ||||||||
| "" | ólom | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | olt | ||||||||
| "whip" | ostor | aśtər | - | oośtər | oośtər | - | - | - | ← II |
| "" | óv | ||||||||
| "" | óv | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | ragad | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | rajta | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | rokkan | ||||||||
| "to kick; to wade" | rúg | - | - | - | - | röŋkää- | roŋk- | ruuŋk- | Weak. Check Kh. |
| "" | sajtó | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | -sÁg | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | sellő | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | sötét | ||||||||
| "" | süpped | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | süt | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | szalu | ||||||||
| "" | szár | ||||||||
| "" | szédül | ||||||||
| "peg" | szëg | süŋ | *säŋkʷə | "KL" säŋkʷ | saŋkʷ | - | - | - | ← II *śaŋku |
| "" | szél | ||||||||
| "" | szik | - | - | - | |||||
| "word" | szó | ← Turkic | |||||||
| "" | szorgalom | ||||||||
| "" | szőke | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | szőr | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | szül | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | táj | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | tál | - | - | - | |||||
| "" | táltos | ||||||||
| "" | tekint | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "place" | tér | - | - | - | - | ||||
| "" | téved | ||||||||
| "" | tidó | ||||||||
| "throat" | torok | tor | tur | tʊr | tur | tuur | tüür | *tuur | |
| "fire" | tűz tüze- |
täwət | *töäwt | *töäwt | - | *töɣət | *tüüt | *tuut | Cf. Mongolian tǖdeg "bonfire" |
| "to despise; to puke" | utál | - | åjt- | ajt- | aajət- | *aaɣət- | aaxət- | *aaxət- | Bad. Maybe FP *oksə- ~ Ms *ɤɤjət- → Kh? |
| "grandparent; woman" | ük | jükää | P jeek | U eekʷə | eekʷa | - | - | - | |
| "animal mother" | üsző | - | - | - | - | V ees | - | O ȧs | |
| "to wait" | vár | oor- | P wur-- | uur- | uur- | - | - | - | |
| "kidney; penis" | vese | üćəw | P wäśəɣ | U wääśəj | wośiɣ | - | - | - | Weak. |
| "pole" | záp | šapəl | P šoplə | *soopəl | soopla | - | - | - | |
| "corner" | zug ~ szug |
- | - | - | - | soŋ | soŋ | suuŋ | |
| "to shrink" | zsugorodik | ćäŋkʷər- | P śaŋkər- ~ LM śuŋkər- |
śiŋkər- | śuŋkər- | - | - | - | |
| Cases with g ~ *ɣ | |||||||||
| "branch" | ág | taw | *taɣ | *tåɣ | tow | *ɬaɣʷɯɯ | tawə | *Lowə | (Fi. hanka ← Gmc) |
| "to drip" | buzog- | pask- | *pëëss- | *pëësɣ- | paasɣ- | *paasəɣ- | *poosɣə- | *paasii- | cf. WU #piśa- "drop"?! |
| "to grasp" | fog | pow- | puw- | pʊw- | puw- | - | - | - | |
| "saddle" | nyerëg | näwrää | *naaɣər | nåɣər | - | nööɣər | - | - | |
| "to race; to gallop; jump" | száguld- | šoom- | šuum- | *šuum- | - | *saaɣəL(t)- *suuɣəm |
*saaxət(t)- *sooxəm |
*saaxəlt- *sooxəm |
Kaz. sixəɬ- |
| "quiver" | tëgëz | - | P tääwt | täwt | tawt | tüüɣət | tiiwət | *tiiwət | |
| Derivational cases | |||||||||
| "hay padding" | alom | - | - | - | - | *ɯɯLəm | iitəm | *iiLəm | < PU *ëla-ma |
| "cover" | fëdél | - | *päntəl | päntəl | - | - | - | from PU *pintä- "to cover" > fëd-, *pänt- | |
| Cognates elsewhere in Uralic known by now (from Honti '97) | |||||||||
| "hip, butt" | ágyék | ońćii | *uńś | uńś | *uuńś | - | - | - | PU *onśa "meat, part"; ← II |
| "to listen" | †hadl- | kʷantaal- | *koontl- | *koontl- | xoontl- | *kuuntəɣL- | xuuntt- | - | PU *konta-lə- (cf. F. *kuuntëlë-) |
| "to step on; to climb" | hág- | kʌʌŋk- | *kɤɤŋk- | *kɤɤŋk- | xaaŋx- | VV kaaŋət- | xooŋx- | *xooŋx- | PU *këŋkə- "to climb". Surgut kuuŋət- |
| "footprint; to press" | nyom | ńal- | - | ńåləmt- | ńol- | *ńoLt- | ńattə- | *ńaLt- | PU *ńulə-(mɜ-). Cf Ma. *nʊmərɣə- |
Sources
- Honti, László. Az ugor alapnyelv kérdézéhez. Budapest, 1997.
- UEW = Rédei, Karoly. Uralisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. 1988.
