Kala thematic lexicon

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See also: Kala Lexicon

numbers

cardinal numbers

  • e'o - zero; null
  • na'o - one
  • ta'o - two
  • ha'o - three
  • ma'o - four
  • ya'o - five
  • tsa'o - six
  • ka'o - seven
  • pa'o - eight
  • sa'o - nine
  • ue'o - ten

-

  • nye'o - (one) hundred; 102
  • nya'o - five hundred
  • tle'o - (one) thousand; 103
  • mue'o - ten thousand; 104
  • kye'o - (one) hundred thousand; 105
  • nte'o - (one) million; 106
  • hue'o - (one) billion; 109

higher numbers

  • uena'o - eleven / 11
  • taue'o - twenty / 20
  • nyeka'o - one hundred seven / 107
  • hanyetauetsa'o (long form) | hatatsa'o (short form) - three hundred twenty six / 326
  • tsatletauema'o - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

ordinals, negatives, fractions etc.

  • ki- - ordinal prefix
Example : kisa'o - ninth (in a sequence)
Example : kiyanyepa'o - 508th
  • ti- - multiple prefix
Example : tisa'o - nine times
Example : tiyanyepa'o - 508 times
  • i- - fractional prefix
Example : isa'o - a ninth, 1/9
Example : iha'o pa'oyo - three eighths, 3/8
  • -k - negative/subtractive suffix
Example : sa'ok - negative nine (-9)
Example : ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a - 10 and -9 is 1

pronouns

  • Kala generally distinguishes four persons, the fourth person indicating abstract and inanimate nouns – both in the singular and plural numbers.
  • There is also a distinction between inclusive (I/we and you) and exclusive (we but not you) forms of the first person plural.
Nominative Accusative Possessive Reflexive Reciprocal
1sg na ena nayo na'i
2sg ta eta tayo ta'i
3sg ha eha hayo ha'i
4sg tla etla tlayo tla'i
1pl nam enam namyo nami nanku
1pl.excl na'am ena'am na'amyo na'ami na'anku
2pl tam etam tamyo tami tanku
3pl kam ekam kamyo kami kanku
4pl tlam etlam tlamyo tlami tlanku

time

  • ama - occasion, time
  • aye - past
    • -ye - previous; last
  • ima - present
  • atli - future
    • -tli - next: X to come
  • sanya - second
  • punu - minute
  • tsima - hour
  • yotso - midday, noon
  • huatso - midnight
  • yoma - day
  • yomua - morning
  • puama - evening
  • yohua - night
  • sema - week
  • sayo - month
    • -nye - X month
  • anyo - year
  • uenyo - decade
  • nyema - century
  • tlenyo - millenia
  • amaha - era, epoch

seasons

  • muasa - season
  • kueta - spring (rainy season)
  • natsu - summer (dry season)
  • aki - autumn; fall (harvest season)
  • neku - winter (snowy season)

months

  • sayom - Months
  • na'onye - January
  • ta'onye - February
  • ha'onye - March
  • ma'onye - April
  • ya'onye - May
  • tsa'onye - June
  • ka'onye - July
  • pa'onye - August
  • sa'onye - September
  • ue'onye - October
  • uenanye - November
  • uetanye - December

days of the week

  • yomalo semayo - Days of the Week
  • yomaya - Monday
  • tsayoma - Tuesday
  • kayoma - Wednesday
  • nayoma - Thursday
  • tayoma - Friday
  • hayoma - Saturday
  • mayoma - Sunday

color

  • sahi - color; pigment; hue

-

  • ketla; akai - red
  • kinya - silver
  • kitsa - darkness; lack of light
  • kono - gray
  • kuya - green
  • malo - brown
  • mono - fair; blond
  • nila - blue
  • nyahi - white
  • nyeli; elila - pink
  • nyome - beige; tan
  • tsalo - clear; transparent
  • tsenka - orange
  • tlila - purple
  • ola - gold
  • oya - black
  • yana - yellow

-

  • -ha - dark; intense; deep
  • -hi - pale

family

  • tlika - family; clan; kin
  • ntaha - ancestor; elder
  • nata - relative; family member
  • tlaka - man; male
  • naka - woman; female
  • tlaya - marry; marriage; wed
    • -ya - in-law; related by marriage
  • ntaya - spouse
  • taya - husband
  • naya - wife
  • tsonta - teenager; adolescent
  • nta'i - baby; infant
nata (nta)
relative
tlaka (ta)
male
naka (na)
female
hya- hyanta
grandparent
hyata
grandfather
hyana
grandmother
o- onta
parent
ota
father
ona
mother
ue- uenta
parent's sibling
ueta
uncle
uena
aunt
-ku ntaku
sibling
taku
brother
naku
sister
-hi ntahi
child
tahi
son
nahi
daughter
-hya ntahya
grandchild
tahya
grandson
nahya
granddaughter
-ue ntaue
cousin
taue
(male) cousin
naue
(female) cousin
-hue ntahue
nibling
tahue
nephew
nahue
niece

animals

winged

  • pato - duck
  • peka - bat
  • tanka - eagle; falcon; hawk
  • kapyo - gull; seagull
  • mpelo - buzzard
  • mpiko - black eagle; vulture; condor
  • mpuni - ostrich
  • mano - chicken; fowl; poultry
  • noka - mouth; beak; spout; mouthpiece; bill
  • si'i - crow; raven
  • sono - partridge; Francolinus chinensis
  • hapi - pigeon; dove
  • hinti - turkey
  • husa - goose; swan
  • tsiti - sparrow; Passer domesticus
  • tsikua - bird; avian
  • tloma - feather; plumage; plume
  • ala - wing
  • oku - owl

anatomy

  • keha - body; corpse

head

  • kaue - chin; jaw
  • kipa - gums; inner mouth
  • myeka - throat; voice; neck; nape
  • nyase - eyelashes
  • senu - hair
  • suha - tongue; mouth; taste
  • tsila - lip
  • tsupa - saliva; spit
  • tlihya - beard; moustache ; facial hair
  • kipa - gums; inner mouth
  • myeka - throat; voice; neck; nape
  • nyase - eyelashes
  • senu - hair
  • suha - tongue; mouth; taste
  • tsila - lip
  • tsupa - saliva; spit


tlihya ampi snot; nasal mucus ampu smell; sniff; nose ana brain; mind; head anya eye; look; see yatsi tooth; bite; chew; tusk; fang yotsa face; cheek anu [-nua] ear; hear; listen / hearsay [2nd hand knowledge]

toponyms

  • yolopa - Europe
    • palansa - France
    • amenya - Germany
    • itali - Italy
  • ameyo kita - North America
    • kanata - Canada
    • mehiko - Mexico
    • tlihanya ameyo - USA
  • asiya - Asia
    • nihono - Japan
    • tsunkuya - China
    • tlosiya - Russia
    • apuha - Afghanistan
  • apuka - Africa
    • kemeta - Egypt
    • konkoya - Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • maliha - Mali
  • otlali - Australia

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing