Kala lexicon
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Main Article: Kala
- See also: Thematic Lexicon
General Lexica
- The majority of lexical units in Kala can have multiple roles.
- Most have a primary role, such as verb, noun or particle, but almost all can serve in at least two roles.
- Because of this, this list is sorted alphabetically and not by part of speech or category.
pa
- pata
- tile; brick
- pato
- duck
- male prostitute [slang]
- paka
- unintelligent and foolish; idiotic; stupid
mpa
- mpaka
- border; boundary; frontier
- line
ta
- ta
- you, [2sg]
nta
- ntaku
- sibling
- See also: family terms
ka
- ka
- interrogative particle, [q]
nka
- nka
- emphatic negative
ma
- ma
- and, also
- too; as well (as)
na
- na
- I, [1sg]
nya
- nya - for [to benefit; for the purpose of]; by [actor; author]
- nyakua - by all means; by any means
- nyamu - mosquito; fly
- nyanku - whale
- nyasa - thank; thanks; thank [you]
- nyase - eyelashes
- nyahe - by means of; via; per; [using; through instrumentality of]
- nyahi - white; snowy; pure; bright; empty
- nyalo - telephone; phone call; phone number; cell phone
- nya'e - in order that; so that
- nya'o - five hundred; 500
- nye - because of; due to; reason; cause
- nyepa - cloud
- nyeta - open; start; turn on
- nyek - no reason
- nyekua - every reason; every cause
- nyema - hundred years; century
- nyemi - cape; headland; promontory; point; peninsula
- nyela - arrowhead
- nyeli - pink
- nyelo - extra; surplus; remaining; remainder after division
- nye'o / [nye-] / [-nye] - hundred; numerous; all kinds of; 100 / hecto- / centi-
- nyo - use X as a tool
- nyopa - poor; impoverished
- nyota - thirst; to be thirsty
- nyoki - dumpling; pot-sticker
- nyoma - rice
- nyome - beige
- nyonka - choke [on]; choke up; suffocate; strangle
- nyotlo - nut; seed
- nyola - any case; any reason
- nyolo - ant; insect
sa
- saya - soothe; calm; relax
ha
- ha - 3SG pronoun; he, she, it
- See also: pronouns
tsa
- tsapa - effort; trouble; endeavor; struggle; suffer
- tsata - council; committee; assembly; parliament
- tsaka - home; residence; household [furniture etc]; domicile
- tsaki - chewing gum; bubblegum
- tsaku - idea; thought; conception
- tsama - pretend; feign; play a role
- tsame - collect; gather; accumulate
- tsamo - reef; coral reef; shoal rock
- tsanka - tire; become bored with; be fed up of; tired
- tsanko - monkey; ape; primate
- tsana - meditation; to practice meditation; to sit in meditation
- tsani - story; tale
- tsasu - cursive
- tsahe - for (in exchange for)
- tsatli - pineapple
- tsala - sauce; paste; gravy; dressing; to dip
- tsalo - clear [transparent in color]
- tsa'e - across (at the other side of; to the other side of) ; through
- tsa'i / tsai - tea; tea plant; tea leaves
- tsa'o - six; 6
- tsa'onye - June
- tsaua - complexion; looks; appearance of one's face
- tsaya - used to express anger; irritation; contempt [damn]; expletive; pejorative
- -po - affixed to nouns and verbs for intense degradation
- tsaye - since; until; till [in time]; to; up to; as far as [in space]
- tsayoma - Tuesday
- See also: days of the week
- tsepa - please
- tseka - pull; draw near; tug; tow; yank
- tsenta - to overdo it; to overcook; to exaggerate
- tsenka - orange [fruit/tree/color]
- tseno - thigh; crotch
- tse'e - appear; be perceived as; seem as if; seem to; seemingly; apparently
- -tse - attached to nouns and verbs
- tsipa - for a limited time; ephemeral; not constant; temporary
- tsipa'o - octagon
- tsitila - knuckle
- tsika'o - heptagon
- tsikua - bird; avian
- tsikue - habit; custom; usual practice; to be used to; tradition
- tsima - hour; period; time; o'clock
- tsima'o - square
- tsini - sugar
- tsinu - entice; arouse; provoke; arousal; erogenous
- tsisa'o - nonagon
- tsisu - coefficient; factor; modulus; ratio
- tsiha'o - triangle
- tsihi - compassion; mercy; sympathy; empathize
- tsitsa'o - hexagon
- tsila - lip
- tsilo - naked; bare; uncovered; exposed
- tsi'u - transitive; transitivity
- tsi'ute - elbow
- tsiua - lake; pond; pool
- tsiue'o - decagon
- tsiya - freedom; liberty
- tsiya'o - pentagon
- tsiyo - corridor; aisle; hallway; passageway; piazza; veranda
- tso - middle; mid-; half; center
- tsopa - pair; a mate; a couple; to couple
- tsopo - prefer; preferred; preference
- tsota - breed; reproduce; propagate
- tsoto - surrender; capitulate; give up
- tsoka - bump; collide with; strike
- tsoko - chocolate
- tsoma - tobacco [plant; leaves] | smoke ; smolder; cigarette
- tsomye - smug; vain; shameless
- tsonkua - China
- tsonyo - alert; attentive
- tsoho - material; resources; data; information
- tsola - fox; Vulpes
- tsupa - saliva
- tsuka - pride; hubris; arrogance
- tsuki - order; sequence; next; next; numerical ordinal
- ki- - numerical ordinal prefix
- tsuku - look of rumpled feathers; bedraggled; wet and limp
- tsumpa - buy; purchase
- tsuma - metal
- tsumi - guilt; sin; offense
- tsumu - careful; cautious
- tsunka - insect; bug; worm
- tsunki - filter; strain; perforated screen
- tsunku - can; jar; pot; urn
- tsuna - join; connect; link up; communicate
- tsuhi - panther; leopard
- tsula - celebration; party; social gathering
- tsule - wire; string
- tsuama - sandwich; wrap; sub; baguette
- tsuasi - stock; share; capital raised by a company
- tsuali - thunder
- tsue - position; stance; posture
- tsuene - baboon
- tsuya - most important; prime; primary; principal; main
- -tsu - prime; main
- tsuyo - armadillo
tla
- tla - it [4SG]
- tlapa - horn [wind instrument]; bugle call; trumpet; elephant noise
- tlato - chant
- tlaka [-ta] - the male sex; a male; masculine; man; [MASC]
- tlaku - enmesh; wrap around; web; net
- tlakua - snail; slug; mole cricket
- tlam - them; those [4PL]
- tlama - anytime
- tlami - themsleves [4PL.REFL]
- tlanka - level; grade; rank
- tlanku - they - each other [4PL.REFL]
- tlana - person; human [being]
- tlani - damn; curse; revile
- tlasi - cough [up]
- tlaso - skin deep; superficial; shallow
- tlahi - convenient; easy; to facilitate
- tlatsa - fire; urgent; fiery or flaming; internal heat; to burn; to blaze
- tlatso - lastly; finally; last; final
- tlamyo - their [4PL.POSS]
- tla'i - itself [4SG.REFL]
- tlaue - colander
- tlaya [-ya] - marry; marriage; wed; matrimony; in-law; relative by marriage
- tlayo - its [4SG.POSS]
- tle - up; away from earth’s centre; abstract adverb of motion
- tlepa - teach; to instruct; educate
- tleka - mean; narrow-minded; petty
- tleki - boast; brag; boastful; exaggerative; pompous; bombastic
- tlema - banner; flag; ensign
- tleme - disc; sheet
- tlena - gradual; sluggish
- tleno - log; piece of wood; timber
- tlenyo - millennium
- tlehe - esteem; honest; candid; sincere
- tletsu - lettuce
- tlela - bathe; clean; purify; wash
- tlelo - toy; plaything
- tle'o / [tle-] / [-tle] - thousand; 10^3 / kilo- / milli-
- tli - group; collection; mass of [COL]
- tlipi - to tie; bind or fasten together; to kidnap
- tlipu - suspended by hanging; hung
- tlika - family; clan; kin
- tlikata - family name
- tliki - sulfur; brimstone [color and element]
- tlima - plough; to plow; to turn the soil; to till
- tlinta - guard
- tlinka - herring
- tlina - stop or cut short
- tliha - distant future [DIS]
- tlihi - immediate future [IMM]
- tlihya - beard; moustache or whiskers; facial hair
- tlitsi - reasoning; capacity of the human mind
- tlila - purple; mauve; violet ; lilac
- tlo - one who does/is; thing which does/is [AG]
- tlopa - forget; overlook; neglect
- tlok - no one; nobody
- tloka - lie; tell an untruth
- tloko - syllable
- tlokua - everyone; everybody
- tlompa - throw an explosive charge; to bomb; bomb
- tloma - feather; plumage; plume
- tlona - feed; nourish; fuel
- tloso - disturb; bother; trouble; annoy; harass
- tlohi - salmon; trout
- tlotsi - chives; onion
- tlotso - rob; plunder; to loot; sack; pillage
- tlotsua - corrode; rust; erode
- tlo'o - elephant
ua
- ua - either; or; other; else
- uapya - insult; ridicule; disgrace
- uata - intestine; bowel; guts
- uati - verb
- uato - that way
- uak - neither...nor
- uaka - ox; cow; bull; bovine; cattle
- uaki - boil; stew; simmer
- uako - that person
- uaku - that amount; much; that many
- uama - then; at that time; then; meanwhile; consequently
- uame - surely; certainly; necessarily; fixed; a certain (extent etc); given
- uanta - confer; consult; negotiate; hold a conference
- uanki - to confine; to imprison; to jail; to cage
- uana - thither; there; that place
- uani - alligator; crocodile
- uano - that thing
- uanye - that reason
- uanyo - bay; gulf [body of water]
- uasa - skill; profession; trade; craft
- uasi - take; get; acquire
- uaso - that kind; that type
- uasu - drinking glass [cup]; jug; pot; vessel
- uahi - arbitrary; at will; at random
- uaho - miss; feel the absence of someone or something
- uatsa - to welcome; welcome
- uatse - correspond; interrelated; correlation; relevance; mutuality
- uatsi - fish
- uatla - that [one]
- ua- - distal demonstrative [DIST]
- uatli - inferior; of lower quality
- uala - truthfully; verily; indeed
- uali - chart; diagram; graph; scheme
- ualo - to bring; to fetch; to get
- ua'a - spinach
- ua'e - on top; upon; above; upper
- uaya - ascend; rise; climb; go up; ascent
- uaye - from (moving out of or away from)
- uayeko - stranger; foreigner
- ueta - uncle
- uetanye - December
- ueka - lentil
- uemi - castle; fortress; barracks
- uemya - aloof; standoffish; unsociable
- uenta - parent's sibling
- uenku - spleen
- uena - aunt
- uenanye - November
- uene - ship; boat; vessel; canoe
- ueni - blame; criticize; condemnation; reproach
- uenyo - decade; age; era; period
- ueso - bone
- ueha - wish; to desire; to want; appetite
- -ue - volitive mood [VOL]
- uetse - bathroom; toilet; WC; outhouse
- uetsi - dispirited and downcast (idiom); listless; in low spirits
- uetla - an upright drum
- uetli - power; exponent (math.)
- uela - sail [boat]
- uele - contract; abbreviate; abbreviation
- uelo - bicycle; bike
- ue'o - ten; 10
- ue- - deka-
- -ue - deci-
- ue'onye - October
- ueyo - to intend; intent; intention; intend
la
- -la - motional suffix added to prepositions
- -lo - plural; several [PL]
ya
- ya - vocative particle [VOC]
- yapa - an extra or unexpected gift or benefit
- yapo - build; construct; erect
- yapu - disgrace; shame; humiliation; embarrassment
- yata - greetings; hello; farewell; bye; goodbye
- yatila - thumb
- yato - hand; palm
- yaka - limb; appendage; leg
- yako - berry; strawberry
- yaku - translate; to interpret; translation
- yama - mountain; hill; anything that resembles a mountain
- yanka - positive; greater than zero; principle
- yana - yellow; pornographic; to fall through
- yane - beside; by; next to; near; close to
- yani - define; meaning; definition; symbolism
- yano - avoid; shun; evade
- yasa - wind; news; style; air
- yasaya - peaceful wind
- yasi - cosmetics; makeup
- yaso - prepare; get ready
- -so - prepare for X
- yasu - buffalo; bison
- yasue - cheap; inexpensive; low
- yahe - of (containing the measured quantity: "two liters of water")
- yatsi - tooth; bite; chew
- yatso - ferment; brew; make honey [of bees]; liquor
- yatsua - sigh in regret or pity
- yala - walk; to go; to travel
- yalo - covet; envious; jealous
- ya'o - five; 5
- ya'onye - May
- yaua - reply; answer; return; respond; echo
- yeta - give; transfer; donate
- yete - extraneous; redundant; superfluous
- yeku - circulate; distribute; circulation; distribution
- yempa - table; desk; flat work surface
- yema - both...and...
- yenkala - England; United Kindom
- yena - currency; monetary; money; coin; cash
- yenipa - white skinned one
- yeno - complete; to fill; full
- yesa - still; calm; quiet; not moving; peace; tranquil
- yeha - remote past [REM]
- yehi - recent past [REC]
- yetsa - cry; weep; sob; tear; tear-up
- yetsi - chair; seat; cushion; stool
- yetla - that [over there]
- yela - fart; break wind; talk nonsense; Utter rubbish!
- yeli - summarize; generalize; generalization
- yelo - freeze; solidify; congeal; ice; hail
- yeua - taste; try; sample
- yopi - post [office]; mail
- yota - deduce; infer; derive; an implication; extrapolate
- yote - assistance; aid; to help; to assist
- yoti - play; game; match; sporting event
- yoto - thus; like this; in this way; therefore; so; hence
- yoka - floor; deck
- yoko - swimming; to swim
- yoma - daytime; during the day; day
- yomaya - Monday
- yomi - bow; weapon used for shooting arrows
- yomo - right side; right; to the right
- yomu - read; study; count; recite
- yomua - morning; dawn; daybreak; a.m.; sunrise
- yonka - lava; magma
- yoni - virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favor; character; kind
- yono - drama; play; theater
- yoso - left; the left side; to the left of
- yoha - have; possess
- -yo - pronominal possessive [POSS]
- yohua - during the night; at night; nighttime
- yotsa - face; cheek
- yotso - noon; midday
- yotsu - larva; grub
- yotla - immerse; soak; steep; gradually
- yotli - melon; gourd; squash
- yolo - armor; shell
- youa - weak; feeble
a
- a - is; are; am; yes; to be
- apa - close; shut; turn off
- apua - sing; music; song
- apyo - celery
- ata [ta-] - name; noun (part of speech); to be called; so-called; what is called
- atahi - nickname
- ata'o - patronymic; metronymic
- ate - liver [ organ ]
- ati - plain; normal; ordinary; regular
- ak - no; is not; not
- aka - budge; move slightly; drive a vehicle
- akai - red
- aki - autumn; fall; harvest time
- akya - wake up; to awaken; to be awake
- am - plural; complex number
- ampa - as quickly as possible; as soon as possible; with all speed
- ampi - snot; nasal mucus
- ampu - smell; sniff; nose
- amha - abundance; ample sufficiency
- ama - time; moment; period
- amak - never at all; not even once; at no time
- amaha - era; epoch
- ame - axe; hatchet
- amenya - Germany
- ameyo - Americas
- amo - transport; to carry
- amya - like; be fond of
- amyata - boyfriend
- amyako - friend
- amyana - girlfriend
- anta - breathe; suck in; absorb; inhale
- anto - oath; pledge; to swear
- anka - hip; pelvis; hip joint; waist
- anko - cipher; code
- anku [-nku] - reciprocate; (in) return; reciprocation; pronominal reciprocal [RECP]
- ana - brain; mind; head; essence
- ano - one more time; again; one more; once again
- anu - ear; hear; listen
- anya - eye; look; see
- anyo - year [365/366 days]
- asa - live; alive; living
- asaya - living beauty
- asi - salt
- aso - broil; grill
- asua - hide; pelt; skin; fur; leather
- ahi [-hi] / [i-] - small; tiny; few; young; diminutive [DIM] / numerical fractional
- aho - garlic chives; leek
- ahua - avocado [Persea americana]
- ahya - potato; yam
- atsa - wheel; to roll; disk; to rotate; by turn
- atsi [tsi-] - angle; corner; bend; joint
- atsu - thick; chunky; solid; stocky
- atli [-tli] - in the future; future; the future [FUT]
- ala - fin; wing
- ale - wheat; barley; oats
- a'e - except for; apart from; excluding; against; in spite of
- aya - beautiful; wonderful; splendid; pretty
- aye [-ye] - past; former; previous; already; [PST]
- ayehi - recent
- eta - you [P.2SG]
- etam - you (all) [P.2PL]
- ete - pen; pencil; writing brush
- eka - prefix or suffix of a compound word; affix [linguistics]; to attach
- eke [e-] - object [in grammar]; pronominal patient [P]
- empa - walk quickly; to march; to run
- ema - used to express confusion and/or pause during conversation
- emya - happen; occur; take place
- ente - instead of; rather than
- enka - narrow; tight; thin
- enku - confidential; secret; hush-hush
- ena - me [P.1SG]
- enam - us [P.1PL]
- ena'am - us [P.1PL.EXCL]
- eno - anger; to be angry; upset; mad
- enya - mirror; reflect; mirror image; reflection
- enye - outside of; exterior to; besides
- eha - him; her [P.3SG]
- ekam - them [P.3PL]
- ehe - but; however
- ehya - complete; intact
- etsa - extent; degree of intensity; degree (angles; temperature etc)
- etla - it [P.4SG]
- etlam - them [P.4PL]
- etle - postpone; defer; stall; stave off
- ele - only if (..., or otherwise, ...); only when; only in the case that; unless
- elo - resign; quit
- e'o - zero; 0; nothing; null
- eua - fin; appendage of a fish
- eya - maybe; almost; nearly; practically; very close; possibly
- eye - only; merely; just; solely; alone
- ito - tree; wood
- ika - age; old; young
- ikaha - ancient; old
- ike - then; at that time; while
- iko - this one; person
- iku - this much; this many
- ikua - wolf down food; to devour ravenously; to gorge oneself
- ima - this time; now; yet; immediate; present
- imak - not yet; not now; not this time
- imahi - instant; moment
- inka - not moving; still
- ina - consume; eat; food; sustenance
- ino - this thing
- inu - beverage; drink; liquid
- inya - be hungry; hungry
- inye - this reason
- iso - this kind; this sort
- isu - peel; rind; outer layer of fruit and cheese
- iha - few; some
- itsa - love; affection; be fond of; like
- itla [i-] - this [one]; proximal; proximal demonstrative [PROX]
- itlo - equal; even; same
- ila - fly; hover; flight
- ile [-le] - to cause; to result in; causative [to make; cause X]
- ilo - cave; cavern
- iya - if; whether; possible
- iye - if (but not) *irrealis
- iyoma - today
- iyomua - this morning
- o / [o-] - number; numeral; digit / honorific [HON]
- opua [-pua] / [-pu] - to finish; to end; to complete [PRF] / final; last
- opye - hug; embrace
- ota - father
- ote - whichever
- oto - sound; noise; tone; phone(me)
- ok - none; no amount
- oka - bake; cook
- oku - owl
- okua - all; every amount
- oma - roar or howl of an animal; bellow of rage; to yell; to shout
- omo - business; commerce; exchange; trade
- omu - consider; plan; speculate; think; ponder; contemplate
- omya - cut; carve; engrave; chisel
- onta - parent; adult
- onto - tread on; to trample; to stamp
- ona - mother
- ono - delight
- onyo - learn; practice or study [old]
- oso - genitalia; groin
- osota - penis
- osona - vagina; clitoris
- oha - gape; yawn; open one's mouth
- ohi - lower; decrease; reduce; subtract; diminish
- ohua - luxurious; extravagant; wasteful
- otso - wolf; lupine
- otsokai - red wolf
- ola - gold [ color; element; coin ]
- ole - shell; carapace; crust; husk; casing
- oya - black; darkness
- oyo - bead; small round object
- upya [-pya] - to attempt; to try to do [CON]
- uta - deliver; to hand in; to hand over; submit
- ute - arm; armpit; forearm
- umpu - form; shape
- uma - horse; equine
- umo - unify; to unite; to integrate; unity; combine; join
- umua - ache; pain; sorrow; deeply; thoroughly
- umye - electric; electricity; electrical
- unta - camel
- unya - know; knowledge; understand; comprehend
- uhi - yam
- utsi - parsley
- utsu - outer space; empty; vacant; unoccupied; space
- utla - otter
- ula - any