Sefdaanian ethnography Ch. 1, Place 2, Wildlife

Most common wild animals

Mammals

Erinaceidae

• European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) eȝ̇ínes

Soricidae

• Common shrew (Sorex araneus) sóṙes

Talpidae

• European mole (Talpa europaea) ĸ̌óṙmes

Vespertilionidae

• Common pipistrelle (P. pipistrellus) ṁèspeṙǧolmánes

Felidae

• Wild cat (Felis sylvestris)
• Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) lúnges
• Eurasian cave lion (Panthera leo spelaea) sínqes
• Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) ðĸéȝes

Hyaenidae

• Cave hyena (C. crocuta spelaea) b̧ónes

Canidae

• Gray wolf (Canis lupus) lúpes
• Jackal (Canis aureus) túṙes
• Red fox (V. vulpes) púĸes
• Corsac fox (Vulpes praecorsac) ĸáṙses

Ursidae

• European black bear (Ursus arctos arctos) ɔ́þces
• Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) þlááĸes

Mustelidae

• Eurasian otter (L. lutra) úðres
• Wolverine (G. gulo) bóṙses
• Pine marten (M. martes) veléṁes
• Sable (Martes zibellina) bál̬es
• European badger (M. meles) váṙĸes
• Ermine (Mustela erminea) ĸoṙménes
• European mink (Mustela lutreola) ĸésles
• Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) ĸéces
• Pole cat (Mustela putorius) ðúses
• Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) solúĸes
• Steppe polecate (Mustela eversmanii) ȝ̇éȝ̇es

Phocidae

• Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) sélĸes

Mammutidae

• Mastodon (Mammut borsoni) ĸamáxṙes

Elephantidae

• Wooly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) ǧíȝes

Equidae

• Tarpan (Equus ferus) éčes
• Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) éčes
• Onager (Equus hemionus) lémṙes
• Kulan (Equus luteus) ĸúlmes

Rhinocerotidae

• Wooly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) ĸíṙses
• Elasmotherium (Elasmotherium caucasicum) ààusĸìṙsəƶées
• Elasmotherium (Elasmotherium sibiricum) ṁesĸìṙsəƶées

Procaviidae

• Steppe hyrax (Heterohyrax syriacus) ĸánpes

Camelidae

• Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) súúbes

Suidae

• Wild swine (Sus scrofa) epéṙes

Cervidae

• Moose (A. alces) ólces
• Roe deer (C. capreolus) ṙaíces
• Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ȝuþȝóṙĸes
• Fallow deer (D. dama) éṙ̨es
• Red deer (Cervus elaphus) lą́nes
• Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral) múles
• Giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus) vṙéndes

Bovidae

• Aurochs (Bos primigenius) taúṙes
• Wisent (Bison bonasus) ṁisóntes
• Saiga (Saiga tatarica) ítes
• Pterhippus (Megadorcas volans) ĸábes
• Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) ƶifṁáĸes
• Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus) qaídes
• Tur (Capra caucasica) ĸítes
• Argali (Ovis ammon) péĸ̌es
• Chamois (Rupricapra caucasica) áṙčes
• Steppe unicorn (Alcephalus monoceros campicola) paṙĸééndes
• Forest unicorn (Alcelaphus monoceros sylvicola) ĸaþĸééndes
• Dwarf unicorn (Alcephalus monoceros nanus) dùṙqəĸééndes

Castoridae

• European beaver (Castor fiber) vévṙes

Dipodidae

• Caucasian birch mouse (Sicista caucasica) alíĸes
• Three-toed jerboa (Stylodipus telum) p̒únes

Cricetidae

• Water vole (Arvicola amphibius) uqṙúqnes
• Caucasian snow vole (Chionomys gud) smííes
• European snow vole (Chionomys nivalis) cáámṙes
• Norway lemming (L. lemmus) máxses
• Common hamster (C. cricetus) ĸámes

Muridae

• House mousse (Mus musculus) múúses
• Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) şóṁes

Gliridae

• Fat dormouse (G. glis) gáles

Sciuridae

• Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) oṁéṙes
• Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) óṙes
• Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) ḑáṙes
• Alpine marmot (M. marmota) lúnges
• Bobak marmot (Marmota bobak) m̧óndes
• Tarbagan marmot (Marmota sibirica) táṙbes
• Suslik (Spermophilus citellis) dóṙĸes
• Little ground squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus) şuƶáĸes
• Speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus) lúmes

Leporidae

• European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) b̧éṁnes
• Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) uĸáŗ̇es
• Mountain hare (Lepus timidus) ȝ̇áȝes
• European hare (Lepus europaeus) cáses

Ochotonidae

• Steppe pika (Ochotona pusilla) m̧óndes

Arthropoda

• Hunting spider () aṙáxnes
• Web-spinning spider () céṙtes

Scytodidae

• Spitting spider (Scytodes thoracica) fììṁaṙáxnes

Atypidae

• Purseweb spider (Atypus affinis) ṁééȝ̇es

Ixodidae

• Castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) díȝ̇es

Acariformes

• Mites (pézdes)

Euscorpiidae

• Scorpion (Euscorpius mingrelicus) ɔ́des

Lithobiidae

• Brown centipede (Lithobius forficatus)

Diplopoda

• Millipede () beezláκes

Armadillidiidae

• Wood louse (Eleoniscus helenae) céges

Astacidae

• European crayfish (A. astacus) ĸémṙes
• Caspian crayfish (Astacus pachypus)

Potamidae

• Freshwater Crab (Potamon ibericum) ĸáṙĸes

Aeshnidae

• Common hawker dragonfly (Aeshna juncea) sáṙces
• Common blue damselfly (Enallagma cyathigerum)

Calopterygidae

• Banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) sárcyles

Forficulidae

• Earwig (Forficula auricularia) ṁííκes

Acrididae

• Meadow grasshopper (Chorthippus parallelus) ĸ̧ááṙes
• Common field grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus) pépes
• Heath grasshopper (Chorthippus vagans) cáκes
• Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria) ĸébes

Gryllidae

• Field Cricket (Gryllus campestris) ĸ̧ápes

Blattellidae

• German Cockroach (Blatella germanica) vláĸes

Termitidae

• Yellow-necked Termite (Kalotermes flavicollis) táṙdes

Pediculidae

• Body louse (Pediculus humanus) (èrpë)lúses

Phthiridae

• Pubic louse (Phthirus pubis) (ǧamlúses)

Cicadidae

• Cicada (Melampsalta montana) mánges

Apidae

• European honey bee (Apis mellifera) véȝes
• Blandford fly (Simulium posticatum) ámpes
• Early bumble bee (Bombus pratorum)

Vespidae

• European hornet (Vespa crabro) cááṙses
• Common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) ṁóspes

Formicidae

• Wood ant (Formica aquilonia) móṙṁes
• Black ant (Formica fusca) šòṙdəmóṙṁes
• Slavemaker ant (Formica rufa) ṙèuðmóṙṁes

Coccinellidae

• Lady bug (Coccinella spp.) ļónges

Curculionidae

• Weevil (Sitophilus spp.) ĸuṙĸúles

Lampyridae

• Fire-fly (Lampyrus noctiluca)
• Glowworm (Lampyroidea spp.) aasóḷes

Anobiidae

• Death watch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum) þṙémes
• Woodworm (Ernobius mollis) cúĸes

Scarabaeidae

• Scarab beetle (Scarabaeus sacer) (cèĸü)ĸiiþpéétes

Pulicidae

• Flea (Pulex irritans) poúles

Culicidae

• Mosquito (Culiseta longiareolata) bíĸes
• Mosquito (Anopheles spp.) p̒uĸ̌es
• Gnat () mį́des

Muscidae

• House fly (Musca domestica) móĸes

Hippoboscidae

• Sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) eṙíĸes

Oestridae

• Reindeer gadfly (Hypoderma tarandi) voúĸ̌es

Tabanidae

• Horsefly (Tabanus spp.) vúĸ̌es
• Giant horsefly (Tabanus bovinus) páṙmes

Nymphalidae

• Mourning cloak (Nymphalus antiopa) ĸàþpaapéles
• Thistle butterfly (Vanessa cardui) àrƶəpaapéles
• Red admiral butterfly (Vanessa atalan¬ta) lààmpaapéles

Papilionidae

• Old World swallowtail (Papilio machaon) paapéles

Acanthopteroctetidae

• Moth (Catapterix crimaea) máþes

Annelida

Taeniidae

• Tapeworm (Taenia spp.) ǧóḷes

Lumbricidae

• Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) leðííṙes

Hirudinidae

• Medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) p̌átes

Aves

Struthionidae

• Great ostrich(†Megastruthio celox) ȝáánes

Anatidae

• Mute swan (Cygnus olor) ȝ̇ólv̧es
• Whooper swan (Olor cygnus) elóṁ̧es
• Bewick’s swan (Olor bewickii ) alvéndes
• Taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis) gááṙes
• White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) κ̧uȝíles
• Graylag goose (A. anser) ȝ̇ánses
• Common shelduck (T. tadorna) qándes
• Ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) ĸaúκes
• Pintail duck (Anas acuta) ááȝbes
• Northern shoveler (Anas clypea) taĸéstes
• Garganey (Anas querquedula) pɔ́ȝes
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) náátes
• Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) bádes
• Greater scaup (Aythya marila) cóðκes
• Common pochard (Aythya ferina) méðges
• Common eider (Somateria mollissima) éétes
• Common scoter (Melanitta nigra) angátes
• Velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) ṁáȝces
• Merganser (Mergus merganser) táṙes
• Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) sóδkes

Phasianidae

• Common quail (C. coturnix) ṙeeĸínes
• Peafowl (Pavo cristatus ) miméȝes
• Grey partridge (P. perdix) ṁoṙtóĸes
• Willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) aĸáṙq̓es
• Rock ptarmigan, (Lagopus muta) ṙeúbes
• Black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) géṙĸes
• Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) tetéṙṁes
• Caucasian grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) ĸopáles
• Hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) eṙémbes
• Caucasus pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) ĸoĸóbes
• Caucasus snowcock (Tetraogallus caucasicus) ĸúxṙes

Podicipedidae

• Horned grebe (Podiceps auritus) nɔ́nes

Phoenicopteridae

• Flamingo (Phoenicopterus croizeti) ng̓olĸɔ̀xses

Columbidae

• Rock dove (Columba l. livia) κolómbes
• European wood pigeon (Columba p. palumbus)
• Stock dove (Columba oenas) alúnes
• Turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) túṙtes

Apodidae

• Common swift (A. apus) qéles

Cuculidae

• Common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) ĸoúĸes

Rallidae

• Coot (Fulica atra) velíĸes
• Water rail (Rallus aquaticus) ĸ̧ópes

Gruidae

• Common crane (G. grus) geṙánes
• Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus) ĸáṙĸes
• Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) núqnes

Otididae

• Great bustard (Otis tarda) ĸoṙĸóses

Gaviidae

• Arctic loon (Gavia arctica) tóxtes
• Common loon (Gavia immer) áĸes
• Yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii)
• Red-throated loon (Gavia stellata), ĸ̧ámes

Diomediidae

• Albatross (Diomedea spp.) mèztiiṙtáṁes

Ciconiidae

• White stork (C. ciconia) géŗ̇es
• Black stork (Ciconia nigra) ciκǫ́nes

Ardeidae

• Little bittern (Ixobrychus m. minutus) ų́pes
• Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris) astéṙes
• Black-crowned night heron (N. nycticorax)
• Common heron (Ardea cinerea) aṙódes

Pelecanidae

• Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) ĸáṙmes

Threskiornithidae

• Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita), ĸàlṁəgéṙ̨es
• Common spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) ĸàȝaṙóódes, common spoonbill

Sulidae

• Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) qándes

Phalacrocoracidae

• Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) áȝbes

Alcidae

• Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) ĸóṙĸes

Scolopacidae

• Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquatus) tíítes
• Common snipe (G. gallinago) tíles
• Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) ĸ̧úṙes
• Sanderling (Calidris alba) cúlces

Laridae

• Common gull (Larus canus) máṁes
• Herring gull (Larus argentatus) ĸáȝes
• Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) éṙes
• Black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) maṙéṙes

Charadriidae

• Eurasian golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria) ĸ̧uȝíles
• Northern lapwing (V. vanellus) píípes

Haematopodidae

• Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) váles

Falconidae

• Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) g̓óĸ̌es
• Eurasian merlin (Falco aesalon) cásĸes
• Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) aṙgípes

Pandionidae

• Osprey (Pandion haliaëtus) gáses

Accipitridae

• European black vulture (Aegypius monachus) ȝ̇ííṁes
• Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) téṙges
• Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) vę́ses
• Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnapterus) ǧeltúṙes
• Common buzzard (B. buteo) ǧų́tes
• White-tailed sea eagle (Haliaëtus albicilla) maṙóṙes
• Pallas’ sea eagle (Haliaëtus leucoryphus)
• Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtos) múȝṙes
• Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) óṙes
• Steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) çeíínes
• Red kite (Milvus migrans milvus) ǧúútes
• Black kite (Milvus migrans migrans) ȝ̌ánes

Strigidae

• Ural owl (Strix uralensis) pą́ȝĸes
• Great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) κuκúbes
• Long-eared owl (Asio otus) ulúles
• Short-earred owl (Asio flammeus) þṙeíges
• Little owl (Athene noctua) símles
• Eurasian eagle owl (B. bubo) símes
• Snow owl (Bubo scandiacus) úṁes
• Pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) símləĸes
• Euroean Scops owl (Otus scops) ȝípes
• Northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula) cámes

Tytonidae

• Barn owl (Tyto alba) ĸaaṁúles

Alcedinidae

• European kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) ceeṙóles

Upupidae

• Hoopoe (Upupa epops) opópes

Picidae

• Spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) ðṙònpeíĸes
• Green woodpecker (Picus viridus) peíĸes

Psittacidae

• Parrot (Archaeopsittacus verrauxi) g̓éȝes

Oriolidae

• Golden oriole (O. oriolus) mélκes

Corvidae

• Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) ĸeíĸes
• Spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) ĸóxses
• European magpie (P. pica) ṁesááĸes
• Carrion crow (Corvus corone) gáṁes
• Rook (Corvus frugilegus) čééṙnes
• Raven (Corvus corax) κóṙṁes
• Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) ṁóṙnes
• Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) ðééκes
• Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) čóṙes

Regulidae

• Goldcrest (R. regulus) ṁéṙbes

Alaudidae

• Crested lark (Galerida cristata) coṙúdes
• Skylark (Alauda arvensis) p̓oltóṙes

Hirundinidae

• Barn swallow (Hirundo r. rustica) qéles
• House martin (Delichon urbicum) šálṁes

Acrocephalidae

• Eurasian reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaeceus) éles

Cinclidae

• White-throated dipper (C. cinclus) ƶ̨óóles

Muscicapidae

• Spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) moxláves
• Thrush nightingale (L. luscinia) qéles
• Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) aṁéédes

Turdidae

• Blackbird (Turdus merula) ĸófses
• Song thrush (Turdus philomelos) mesóles
• Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus) þṙózdes

Sturnidae

• European starling (Sturnus v. vulgaris) stóṙes

Passeridae

• House sparrow (Passer domesticus) spáṙṁes
• Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) spéṙges

Motacillidae

• White wagtail (Moticilla a. alba) céȝles
• Blue-headed wagtail (Moticilla f. flava) motáĸes

Fringillidae

• Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) pínges
• Bullfinch (P. pyrrhula) spínes
• Eurasian siskin (Carduelis spinus) p̓áp̓es

Emberizidae

• Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) číčes
• Snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) líntes

Paridae

• Great tit (Parus major) cónes

Mollusca

Dreissenidae

• Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) amȝáqes

Pectinidae

• Black Sea scallop (Flexopecten ponticus) ĸascónxes

Octopodidae

• Common octupus (Octopus vulgaris) tááĸes

Gastropoda

• Edible snail (Helix pomatia) tigááĸes

Pisces

Cyprinidae

• European carp(Cyprinus carpio) ĸófles
• White-finned gudgeon (Gobio albipinnatus) nííṙes
• Chub (Leuciscus cephalus) alóntes
• Common dace (L. leuciscus) sáṙĸes
• Ide (Leuciscus idus) sáṁnes
• Bleak (A. alburnus) èȝ̇erḑáges
• Eurasian minnow (P. phoxinus) mííņes
• Tench (T.tinca) tóþĸes

Incertae sedis

• Carp bream (Abramis brama) atéles
• Blue bream (Abramis ballerus) váqṙes
• Silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) páȝes
• Roach (R. rutilus) púses

Osmeridae

• European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) nóṁnes

Cobitidae

• European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis) ĸúbes

Salmonidae

• Brown trout (Salmo trutta) ànĸoṙááṙĸes
• Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) lááces
• European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) ónces

Percidae

• European perch (Perca fluviatilis) péṙces

Moronidae

• European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) vóṙses

Scophthalmidae

• Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) atííses

Pleuronectidae

• Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) ĸúles

Acipenseridae

• Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) béĸ̌es
• Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) sámpes
• Beluga sturgeon (H. huso) ĸ̧átes

Esocidae

• Northern pike (Esox lucius) cóóṙes

Anguillidae

• European eel (A. anguilla) éézles

Siluridae

• Sheatfish (Silurus glanis) silóṙses

Lotidae

• Burbot (L. lola) şánges

Merlucciidae

• European hake (M. merluccius) leúxes

Cottidae

• Alpine sculpin (Cottus poecilopus) vórǧes