Body Parts in Your Conlangs/Neo-Khitanese (Kilda)

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The list below is a response to the Body Parts in Your Conlangs template. It was created in 2006.

Author notes

The language has a pretty well worked out vocabulary in this area. What I give below is strictly for human bodies; there's often special terminology for talking about the analogous parts of different animals. Body-part terminology shows a lot of irregular plurals (duals, one could argue), and even some odd singular forms where the default is plural/dual. There's a fairly distinct register of "baby speech" which I've included here. The orthography is the sort used in native typography; no distinction of front/back "i" vowels or of vowel length; note that {c, j} = alveopalatal affricates [tS], [dZ].

Body Parts in Kilda

Body

  1. Blood vessel: hunggikta, no lexical differentiation between veins and arteries (obsolete: sodun, now meaning "pulse")
  2. Material of which it is composed
    1. Bone: giramda (babytalk: foni)
    2. Gristle or cartilage: tadaksa
    3. Skin: kilfa
    4. Muscle: sümü
    5. Fat: nimükse (usu. restricted to abdominal fat deposits)
    6. Blood: sekse (babytalk: misi-misi)
  3. Trunk (torso): tünggen (see chest below)
    1. Chest: tünggen, refers both to upper torso and the torso as a whole (obsolete: kengkütir, "chest, ribcage")
      1. Heart: mêwan (babytalk: ling-ling)
      2. Lung: pagun, pl. pagad
    2. Abdomen or Belly: nangka "abdomen, belly; stomach"; refers to both the area and the innards.
      1. Stomach: nangka "belly; stomach" or fükin "stomach, intestines" (babytalk: pisi-bisi)
      2. Liver: pakin
      3. Spleen: dilkin
      4. Intestines: fükin "stomach, intestines"
    3. Waist: darama "hips" and enggeñe "waist, lower flanks"
  4. Neck: minggön "neck", silde "nape of neck", ceken "front of throat, larynx; jowls"
  5. Extremity
    1. Head: dil, köbül (syn.) (babytalk: pa-pa)
      1. Hair: ñürikte, kümid (syn., on head and in general; babytalk equivalents numa, cik-cik); tikta "body hair"; dêki "facial hair
      2. Ear: šên
        1. Earhole: šên kobin (lit. "cavity of the ear")
        2. Earlobe: TBD
      3. Eye: isa (babytalk: nübi); the eye as it appears in the face
        1. Eyeball: ñündün (the organ in the strict sense)
          1. Iris: TBD
          2. Pupil: TBD
          3. Sclera: TBD
        2. Eyebrow: kamig (sg. kam)
        3. Eyelid: kömdekte
          1. Eyelash: kirimki
        4. Eye socket: isa kobin (lit. "cavity of the eye")
        5. Tear gland: TBD
      4. Nose: onggara (formal), ñarak (vernacular, lit. "snot-container"), yakkan (slang), kaiko (babytalk)
        1. Nostril: kangša, pl. kanggid
      5. Mouth: amga, šekše (syn.)
        1. Jaw: kebi
          1. Maxilla (upper jaw): TBD
          2. Mandible (lower jaw): kebi
        2. Tooth: kikta (babytalk: kip-kep, pl. kiped [yes, Kilda infant-speak has irregular plurals])
          1. Incisor: TBD for human bodyparts
          2. Eyetooth or Canine Tooth: TBD for human bodyparts
          3. Molar (and/or premolar?): TBD for human bodyparts
        3. Tongue: necil (babytalk: hilengki, lit. "licker")
    2. Limb: no unitary term
      1. Arm: no unitary term
        1. Shoulder: tannun, pl. tanud (idiomatic/obsolete: mire); kende "shoulderblade, shoulder bone"
        2. Elbow: hiñcen "elbow (joint)", sirmüsik "elbow (bone)"
        3. Wrist: bilen "wrist (joint)", kombuki "wrist (bones)"
        4. Humerus (upper arm): bokto
        5. Lower Arm: sötö, pl. sitüt
        6. Hand: gala
          1. Palm: mañjan (and note maniran "back of the hand")
      2. Leg: begdi "foot, leg"
        1. Hip: ogo "hips, pelvis" (literary: uldug)
          1. buttock (if different): pikangga (polite), puk-puk (vernacular and babytalk), künggüki (vulgar)
        2. Knee: söjö, pl. süjid (babytalk: kokobo); also cöjökü, pl. celköt "hollow behind the knee", pengjen "knee joint", töbgi "kneecap (bone)"
        3. Ankle: cimenek, cimnek
        4. Thigh (upper leg): talpi (literary: uldug)
        5. Shank (lower leg, between knee and ankle): silbi
          1. Shin: silbi
          2. Calf: cakci "calf muscle, back of lower leg"
        6. Foot: begdi "foot, leg"; also ölmi "top/upper part of foot"
          1. Sole: fata
          2. Heel: ningti
          3. Ball: N/A
    3. Digit (toe or thumb or finger): no unitary term
      1. Nail: osikta (with long vowel in second syllable; minimal pair with initial-long osikta "star")
        1. Fingernail: no separate term
        2. Toenail: no separate term
      2. Toe: cimki
        1. Pollex ("Great" Toe or Big Toe): TBD
        2. Pinky toe or little toe: TBD
        3. Other individual toes?: TBD
      3. Thumb: perüken, tamka (syn.)
        1. Thumbnail: TBD or N/A
      4. Finger: huñakan (babytalk: kekkö, pl. kikêd)
        1. Index finger: talgalan; also tikalan "middle or ring finger, either or both of the two inside fingers"
        2. Pinky finger: cimcen
        3. Middle finger: TBD, see above
        4. Ring finger: tunglik
    4. Genitalia
      1. female
        1. vagina: koñju (polite), köppön, kapilak (slang), kwappa (vulgar), paku (intimate), bi-bi (babytalk)
        2. womb: doptun
      2. male
        1. penis: cicük (formal/polite), lölö (vernacular/slang), ci-ci (babytalk)
        2. testicle: nama (babytalk: noki)
  6. Side
    1. Back: sogdonso "back", ñiri "backbone, spine"
    2. Front: tünggen "chest, breast"
    3. Left: ñiligdi "left (adj.)", ñiliski "leftwards, to the left"; also šucaka "left-handed (of person, etc.)"
    4. Right: anggu, maran "right (adj.)", angguski, marangku "rightward, to the right" (syn.)
    5. Bottom (lower): ütilme "lower" (general; not specific to body)
    6. Top (upper): ügi:gde "upper" (general; not specific to body)
  7. Orifices
    1. anus: ilmi
    2. urethral meatus?: TBD

Additional Responses

  • Does your conlang, or do your conlangs, use any of these terms, or reduced forms of them, as affixes? Or as verbs or adjectives or prepositions or conjunctions or pronouns?

With the exception of directional terms, no; they're all nouns/nominals, and are mostly substantives.

  • What bodypart does your conculture think is the seat of life?

Probably the stomach.

  • What bodypart does your conculture think is the seat of emotion?

The liver and the heart.

  • What bodypart does your conculture think is the seat of consciousness?

The brain (tarki) in modern times, but in different idiomatic contexts, it can be various other body parts, including the feet.

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