Tolakiso
| Tolan Tolakiso | |
| Pronunciation: | ['to.la.ˌki.so] |
| Spoken in: | Tola, Tolan Empire |
| Conworld: | Kalna |
| Total speakers: | None |
| Genealogical classification: | Kalnaean
|
| Writing System: | Tolan Syllabary |
| Basic word order: | SVO |
| Morphological type: | Agglutinating |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | Nominative-Accusative |
| Created by: | |
| Ian Cook | August 1, 2012 |
Tolan (Tolakiso ['to.la.ˌki.so]) is an ancient language which was once spoken on the continent of Seran in the region of Tola and by the Tolan Empire on the planet of Kalna. Tolan is the only member of the Seranic language family to survive after the Tolan Empire conquered and ruled Seran. However, its descendants were all influenced by the other languages of the various regions.
Tolan is typologically highly agglutinative, although it shows occasional fusional and isolating characteristics. It modifies and inflects nouns (though nominative and accusative are shown through word order), pronouns, and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. There are twelve noun cases, and verbs conjugate to show four moods, three tenses, eight aspects, and two voices.
Orthography
Phonology
Grammar
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adpositions
Numbers
Sentence Structure
Derivation
Sample Translations
Each of the following translations from English to Tolakiso will include the original text, the translated text, a gloss of the translated text, and a retranslation of the text back to English.
Schleicher's Fable
Schleicher's Fable is an artificial text which was composed by August Schleicher in his version of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language in 1868. Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in Proto-Indo-European.[1]
Schleicher's Fable by August Schleicher
On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
Kianika Selakeresa Aguseta Selakerete
Sa oenmo, ken enma unfa hekotaya tenahe yuwa enma run, ken enma manfaheto heni omuso, ken yeheto faanla fenhuso, i ken yeheto mui suli. Unfa minihe runti: "Ennou nosa konu no, tenato mui suro pinto run". Run minihe: "yooka, unfa, ennou nokinsa konu nokin sakan nokin tena kanso: mui, anlio, wuo hekotako samin enyuso hontihin. I kansoni unfa ka wuna hekota". Sakan unfa minyahe kanso, enma unkohe feuni ironwe.
story.DIM Schleicher.GEN August Schleicher.CAU
on hill-ADE, one CL14 sheep.NOM wool.ABE see-PST.IND some CL14 horse.ACC, one CL14.NOM pull-PST.IND-PROG wagon.ACC be.heavy-PART, one.NOM carry-PST.IND-PROG load.ACC be.large-PART, and one.NOM carry-PST.IND-PROG man.ACC quickly. sheep.NOM say-PST.IND horse-DAT: "heart.NOM I-GEN hurt.PRES.IND I.ACC, see.PRES.IND-PROG man.ACC who drive.PRES.IND-PROG horse.ACC". horse say-PST.IND: "listen.IMP, sheep.VOC, heart.NOM we.GEN hurt.PRES.IND we.ACC when we.NOM see.PRES.IND this.ACC: man.NOM, master.NOM, make.PRES.IND wool.INST clothing.ACC be.warm-PART self-BEN. and that sheep.NOM not have.PRES.IND wool.ACC". When sheep.NOM hear-PST.IND this, CL14.NOM flee-PST.IND in grassland-LAT.
Schleicher's Little Story by August Schleicher
On a hill, a sheep without wool saw some horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a large load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: “My heart hurts me, seeing a man who is driving horses”. The horses said: “Listen, sheep, our hearts hurt us when we see this: a man, master, makes with wool warm clothing for himself. And that sheep does not have wool.” When the sheep heard this, it fled into the grassland.
