Kala Sentences
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Sentences
- Most sentences in Kala contain a verb phrase, typically denoting the occurrence of an action. A verb phrase consists of a verb plus any modifiers.
- Most sentences also contain at least one noun phrase, typically denoting a person or thing. A noun phrase consists of a noun plus any modifiers.
- The two most important noun phrases are the subject and the object. Their exact meaning depends on the choice of verb, but
- loosely speaking, the subject is the person or thing that carries out the action, and the object is the person or thing that is directly affected by the action.
Word Order
- Basic word order is SOV and is invariable.
-
- (subject) - (object) - (verb)
- tlaka (ke) naka anya
- man (TOP) woman see
- The man sees the woman.
- (subject) - (verb)
- nahi apuaye
- girl sing.PAST
- The girl sang. / The girl did sing.
- (subject) - (complement) - (verb)
- ina manka a
- food cold COP
- The food is cold.
- (subject) - (prepositional phrase) - (verb)
- naka tsa'e kama yalaye
- woman through village walk.PAST
- The woman walked through the village.
- (subject) - (prepositional phrase) - (object) - (verb)
- na'eta itla omena yeta
- 1s.ACC.2s this apple give
- I give to you this apple.
- (In this case, the prepositional phrase is replaced by the pronominal construction.)
- (subject) - (prepositional phrase) - (verb)
- ta kima poto tayo tse'ek
- 2s like photo 2s.POSS appear.NEG
- You do not look like your photo.
Clauses
- In addition to phrases, some sentences contain clauses, which resemble smaller sentences nested within the larger sentence.
- They can modify noun phrases, verb phrases, or the whole of the larger sentence.
-
- (subject) - (clause) - (prepositional phrase) - (verb)
- tlaka ke asaye hina ka'e nuyoku yalaye
- man CONJ live.PAST here to New York go.PAST
- The man who lived here went to New York.
- (subject) - (clause) - (verb)
- na ke ha aya a omu
- 1s CONJ 3s beautiful COP think
- I think that she is beautiful.
